TOEFL IBT ®

MODULE 1
BOOKLET

Activity 1

PARAPHRASING……………………use different words to express the same

meaning
(you express an idea you’ve seen and write it in your own words)

Example: Original: “The hardest woodwind instrument to learn is the oboe”

Paraphrase: “The oboe is the most difficult woodwind instrument to

master.”

You shouldn’t say: “The most difficult woodwind instrument to learn is

the oboe”

What to do to improve……

• Choose synonyms for words and phrases

• Use alternative grammatical structures

 Activity 2

Write paraphrases for the following sentences:

1. The copperhead, a snake that strikes without warning, is

considered much more dangerous than the rattlesnake.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Because J. P. Morgan was known as a reputable and prudent

businessman, he was able to persuade others to remain in the
market even after the crash had begun.

.………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Phosphorus is used in paint on highway signs and markers

because it is bright at night.

……………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………
 4. By the mid-nineteenth century, land was so expensive in large
cities that architects began to conserve space by building
skyscrapers.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

5. When two products are fundamentally the same, advertising can

influence the choice that the public makes

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. The price of gold on the world market is subject to several

variables, including but not limited to supply and demand.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
 Activity 2

Comparing and Contrasting

Choose the correct word to complete the sentence.

1. Both / Similarly …………………..Van Gogh and Cezanne tried to create

paintings that expressed the effect of light and color.

2. In contrast / difference………………. to other artists, Jackson

Pollock applied paint directly onto the canvas.

3. Warhol often used images of famous people in his art . However /

Likewise…………………, Basquiat incorporate elements of well-

known images and celebrities in his painting.

4. Unlike / Whereas…………………. traditional art considered

advertising to be a purely commercial activity, pop art of

the 1960's used advertisements and dissociated them from the

original context.

5. Both / Neither………………………Picasso nor Matisse restricted

themselves to just one style of art or one medium.

 Activity 3

Choose the correct word from the chart to complete the excerpt.

like whereas resemble

differ both on the other hand
in common difference unlike
however

The Prose and Style of Hemingway and Faulkner

Faulkner and Hemingway were two American authors who were 1…………..
writing in the same period of time in the 1920s-1950s. Faulkner, 2………….
Hemingway, wrote a large number of novels that are classics of modern art
fiction. There are 3…………….many ways in which their prose styles 4……..
One major 5 ………………. is sentence length. 6 Faulkner uses lengthy
complex sentences with frequent repetition and long archaic words.
Hemingway´s prose is simpler with shorter sentences that often 7…………..
a newspaper report. Hemingway’s dialog is simple and direct. Faulkner,
8……………, incorporates dialog into long dream-like sequences that are
almost poetic. Something that both writers have 9…………………is their
ability to express strong emotions through their writing. Hemingway conveys
strong emotions with just a few lines, 10……………… Faulkner who
sometimes writes several pages about one scene.
 Activity 4

CAUSE AND EFFECT

Identify the cause and effect in each of the following sentences. Then use words or phrases
in parentheses to create compound sentences.

1. A decline in the number of bookstores. Many people are buying books

online (one reason for….)

2. More people are working from home. Communication by computer is a

more efficient (as a result)
3. People watch movies at home on the internet, or on DVD. Fewer people a

are going to movie theaters (therefore)

4. Too many people try to text and drive at the same time. There are many

car accidents. (because)

Activity 5

Complete the paragraph with words from the box. Some words
can be used more than once. There are some synonymous words
(because of = due to, cause=reason, effect = result,
therefore=consequently) that can be used in the same blank.

as a result
because of cause
reason
due to effect
resulted
 therefore meant that
result in

The Industrial Revolution 1 ……………. in enormous changes to the way

society was organized. The most popular view is that the main 2 ………..
was the invention of new technology, most notably, the steam engine.
3…...... improved machinery, craft industries that were traditionally carried
out in the home were replaced by factories. This 4 ………. people started to
move to the towns and cities for work. 5 ……... towns and cities became
larger and more crowded. Another consequence was that goods could be
produced cheaply and in greater quantities.

Consequently, more people could afford to buy them and their quality of life
improved. Another view, however, is that an important 6 ……... for placing
workers in large factories was that employers could have greater control
over their workers. Consequently, they had to work longer hours and
produce more. Technology was 7……………. developed in order to speed
up their productivity. In the 21st century, the Information Revolution is also
having an 8…………... on the organization of society. 9 ………... the
invention of the internet, people can communicate more quickly and
efficiently than ever before. A consequence of this may be that in the future
more people will work from home. It is possible that this may 10 ………. a
change of attitude concerning how much control employers need to have
over their workers.
 Activity 6

Read the passage and choose the correct word

DIVORCE IN THE UNITED STATES

The institution of marriage has suffered in many countries in the past few
years. The United States is not an exception but / and / or …………….
there has been an unusually large number of divorces in all the country. In
the past, people got married with the idea of staying together for life,
after while / before …………..…. today many individuals seem to enter
marriage with the feeling that they can always get a divorce unless /
provided that / due to …………. the marriage does not work out. In the
past, a large majority of Americans frowned at the idea of divorce.
On the contrary / Furthermore / Nevertheless …………………, many
people believed that getting a divorce was a luxury that only the rich could
afford. However / Indeed ……………, getting a divorce was very expensive.
For this reason / However / Although ……………., since so many people
have begun to take a more casual view of marriage, it is interesting to note
that the costs of getting a divorce are lower. Essential / In fact / Less……..,
wherever you go in the United States today, it is not unusual to see
newspaper ads that provide information on how and where to go to get a
“cheap divorce.” Hollywood has always been known as the divorce capital of
the world, and today the divorce rate among the movie stars is so high that it
is difficult to know who is married to whom, if you are interested in this kind
of information. Today, many movie stars change husbands and wives
because / as though / due to ……………… they were changing clothes.
For this reason / Until / Although …………… the institution of marriage
again becomes a serious and important part of many people's lives, we will
probably continue to see a high rate of divorce.
 Activity 7

Connect the sentences below with words from the chart.

unless neither-nor
otherwise not only-but also
on the contrary although

1. We must find solutions to the problem of pollution. We may all be

wearing gas masks one day.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
2. He is determined to spend his vacations by the seaside. His wife really
wants to go to the mountains.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Successful managers never proceed without a plan. They never ignore
opportunities that arise.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..