You are on page 1of 11

-XUQDO ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ

,661
( ,661
‹)DNXOWDV 3HWHUQDNDQ 8% KWWS MLLS XE DF LG

$QDOLVLV SHPDVDUDQ VDSL SRWRQJ PHODOXL DQDOLVLV PDUMLQ WUDQVPLVL


KDUJD VWUXNWXU SHPDVDUDQ SHULODNX SHPDVDUDQ GDQ NLQHUMD
SHPDVDUDQ

8PL :LVDSWL 1LQJVLK %XGL +DUWRQR (NR 1XJURKR

/HFWXUHU RI 6RFLR HFRQRPLF )DFXOW\ RI $QLPDO +XVEDQGU\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI


%UDZLMD\D ,QGRQHVLD

&RUUHVSRQGHQFH DXWKRU XQLQJVLK #\DKRR FRP

$%675$&7 &KDUDFWHULVWLFV RI UHVSRQGHQWV WKH PDMRULW\ ZHUH DW D


SURGXFWLYH DJH LQ WKH VWXG\ DUHD KDG D ORZ HGXFDWLRQDO EDFNJURXQG ZHUH WKH
HOHPHQWDU\ VFKRRO 5HVSRQGHQWV KDG PRUH WKDQ \HDUV RI IDUPLQJ
H[SHULHQFH 2QJROH &URVVEUHHG 32 ZHUH WKH PRVW SUHIHUUHG FDWWOH UDLVHG E\ WKH
PDMRULW\ RI UHVSRQGHQWV 7KH UHVSRQGHQWV PRVWO\ VROG WKHLU FDWWOH WR
WKH ORFDO WUDGHU RU PLGGOHPHQ :KR VROG WKHLU FDWWOH GLUHFWO\ WR WKH DQLPDO PDUNHW RSWHG
3DNLV DV WKH PRVW SUHIHUUHG ORFDWLRQ 7KH PDMRULW\ RI UHVSRQGHQWV
DJUHHG WKDW PLGGOHPHQ SOD\HG D FUXFLDO UROH LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH VHOOLQJ SULFH 7KH VHOOLQJ
SULFH RI FDWWOH LQ SURGXFHUV OHYHO KDV D ORZ FRUUHODWLRQ U ZLWK SULFH LQ WKH WUDGHUV
OHYHO $OVR WKH SULFH WUDQVPLVVLRQ ZDV ORZ 7KH IDUPHUV HDUQHG PRQWKO\ RQ
DYHUDJH 5S SHU DQLPDO WKH ORFDO WUDGHUV 5S SHU DQLPDO 7KLV ORZ
LQFRPH VKDUH FDXVHG E\ WKH IDFW WKDW IDUPHUV VKRXOG SD\ SURGXFWLRQ FRVWV DV DQ DPRXQW
RI 5S SHU DQLPDO SHU \HDU RU 5S SHU DQLPDO SHU PRQWK

.H\ZRUGV EHHIFDWWOH PDUNHWLQJ VWUXFWXUH

3(1'$+8/8$1 NDZDVDQ 7LPXU \DLWX %DOL 177 17%


&DWDWDQ 'LQDV 3HWHUQDNDQ PHOHZDWL SURSLQVL -DZD7LPXU WHUOHELK
3URSLQVL -DZD 7LPXU \DQJ GLODQVLU GDKXOX XQWXN VDPSDL SDGD ZLOD\DK \DQJ
7(032 & -DZD 7LPXU SDGD GLWXMX
WDKXQ PHPLOLNL SRSXODVL WHUQDN 6LVWHP SHPDVDUDQ WHUQDN NKXVXV
VDSL SRWRQJ VHEDQ\DN HNRU Q\D VDSL SRWRQJ VDPSDL VDDW LQL PDVLK
MXPODK WHUVHEXW VHEHVDU GDUL VHGHUKDQD MDOXU \DQJ GLOHZDWL GDUL
SRSXODVL QDVLRQDO 6HWLDS WDKXQ SURGXVHQ VDPSDL NH WDQJDQ NRQVXPHQ
NHODKLUDQ VDSL \DQJ GLSHUROHK VHEDQ\DN PDVLK SDQMDQJ SHUDQ SHGDJDQJ GDQ
HNRU XQWXN PHQFXNXSL %ODQWLN \DQJ PDVLK EHVDU GDODP MXDO
NHEXWXKDQ VHQGLUL GL ZLOD\DK SURSLQVL EHOL WHUQDN DNDQ PHQ\HEDENDQ KDUJD
-DZD7LPXU GLODNXNDQ SHPRWRQJDQ \DQJ GLWHULPD SHWHUQDN PHQMDGL NHFLO
HNRU VHGDQJNDQ GLMXDO NHOXDU NDUHQD SHWHUQDN WLGDN PHPLOLNL SRVLVL
ZLOD\DK VHNLWDU HNRU SHU WDKXQ WDZDU 6WUDWHJL SHPDVDUDQ SHUOX
3HQMXDODQ WHUQDN GLODNXNDQ NH GDHUDK GLODNXNDQ DJDU GDSDW PHODNVDQDNDQ
-DZD %DUDW GDQ '., -DNDUWD EDKNDQ SHPDVDUDQ \DQJ HILVLHQ NDUHQD GHQJDQ
XQWXN SHPDVDUDQ VDSL GDUL ZLOD\DK SHPDVDUDQ \DQJ HILVLHQ GDSDW

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

PHPRWLYDVL SHWHUQDN GDODP 3HQHOLWLDQ DNDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ GL


PHQLQJNDWNDQ XVDKD VHKLQJJD 'HVD 6XNROLOR .HFDPDWDQ -DEXQJ
SURGXNWLYLWDV GDSDW GLWLQJNDWNDQ 7HWDSL .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ SHODNVDQDDQ
XQWXN PHPEXDW VXDWX SHQJHPEDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ VHODPD EXODQ
SHPDVDUDQ SHUOX GLNDML WHUOHELK GDKXOX
EHEHUDSD IDNWRU EDLN PDNUR PDXSXQ 0HWRGH SHQHOLWLDQ
PLNUR \DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKL VLVWHP 0HWRGH \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ GDODP
SHPDVDUDQ DJDU GDSDW GLNHWDKXL NRQGLVL SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK PHWRGH VXUYH\
MDOXU SHPDVDUDQ WUDQVPLVL KDUJD 'DWD \DQJ GLDPELO PHOLSXWL GDWD SULPHU
VWUXNWXU SHPDVDUDQ PDUNHWLQJ GDQ GDWD VHNXQGHU 'DWD SULPHU
VWUXFWXUH SHULODNX SHPDVDUDQ GLNXPSXONDQ GDUL UHVSRQGHQ GHQJDQ
PDUNHWLQJ FRQGXFW GDQ NLQHUMD PHQJJXQDNDQ WHNQLLN ZDZDQFDUD VHUWD
SHPDVDUDQ PDUNHWLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH GLODNXNDQ REVHUYDVL 6HGDQJNDQ GDWD
6HKLQJJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ NLQHUMD VHNXQGHU GLSHUROHK GDUL GLQDV
SHPDVDUDQ \DQJ GDSDW PHQJXQWXQJNDQ SHWHUQDNDQ .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ GDQ
NHGXD EHODK SLKDN 'HVD 6XNROLOR .HFDPDWDQ -DEXQJ
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ GL .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ
.HFDPDWDQ -DEXQJ .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ
EHUGDVDUNDQ SHUWLPEDQJDQ EDKZD 7HNQLN SHQJDPELODQ VDPSHO
.HFDPDWDQ -DEXQJ VDODK VDWX GDHUDK 3HQJDPELODQ VDPSHO SHWHUQDN
EHUSRWHQVL XQWXN SHQJHPEDQJDQ VDSL GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD VHQJDMD GLPDQD GHVD
SRWRQJ GHQJDQ MXPODK WHUQDN HNRU 6XNROLOR WHUGLUL GDUL GXNXK \DLWX
GHQJDQ MXPODK SHWHUQDN RUDQJ 'XNXK %HQGR *DQGRQ %DUDW *DQGRQ
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ 7LPXU GDQ .DPSXQJ $Q\DU 0DVLQJ
0HQJLGHQWLILNDVL NDUDNWHULVWLN SHWHUQDN PDVLQJ GXNXK GLDPELO SHWHUQDN
0HQJDQDOLVLV MDOXU SHPDVDUDQ GDQ SHGDJDQJ VHEDJDL VDPSHO SHQHOLWLDQ
PDUJLQ SHPDVDUDQ VHUWD DQDOLVLV
WUDQVPLVLKDUJD 0HQJDQDOLVLV $QDOLVD GDWD
PDUNHWLQJ VWUXFWXUH PDUNHWLQJ &RQGXFW 3HUKLWXQJDQ PDUJLQ
GDQ PDUNHWLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH GDUL NRQGLVL SHPDVDUDQPHQXUXW 6XGL\RQR
SDVDU \DQJ DGD VHEDJDL EHULNXW
+DVLO LGHQWLILNDVL GDQ
SHUKLWXQJDQ DQDOLVLV SHPDVDUDQ VDSL 03 3U ± 3I GLPDQD
SRWRQJ GDSDW EHUJXQD VHEDJDL 03 0DUJLQ SHPDVDUDQ
6XPEDQJDQ SHPLNLUDQ XQWXN 3U +DUJD GL WLQJNDWSHQJHFHU
PHPSHUEDLNL NLQHUMD OHPEDJD OHPEDJD 3I +DUJD GL WLQJNDWSHWDQL
SHPDVDUDQ GDQ VLVWHP SHPDVDUDQ
VHKLQJJD GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ 8QWXN PHQJHWDKXL DSDNDK PDUJLQ
SURGXNWLYLWDV XVDKD WHUQDN VDSL SRWRQJ SHPDVDUDQ PHUXSDNDQ IXQJVL KDUJD
3HQJHPEDQJDQ SHPDVDUDQ XVDKD GLWLQJNDW NRQVXPHQ PDND GLFDUL
WHUQDN VDSL SRWRQJ GHQJDQ PHOLEDWNDQ GHQJDQPDWHPDWLND UHJUHVL VHEDJDL
VWDNHKROGHUV VHKLQJJD EHULNXW
GDSDWPHQJXQWXQJNDQ NHGXD EHODK SLKDN
3U 3I 0
0$7(5, '$1 0(72'( 0 D E 3U
E ^ 0 SU ± 0 3U 1` ^ 3Uð
7HPSDW GDQ ZDNWX SHQHOLWLDQ 3U ð 1`

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

+$6,/ '$1 3(0%$+$6$1 EHWHUQDN VDSL DVDO SHQJHWDKXDQ


EHWHUQDN VDSL GDQ WXMXDQ PHPHOLKDUD
.DUDNWHULVWLN UHVSRQGHQ VDSL .DUDNWHULVWLN UHVSRQGHQ GDSDW
.DUDNWHULVWLN UHVSRQGHQ \DQJ GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
GLDPDWL GDODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHOLSXWL
XPXU SHQGLGLNDQ ODPD SHQJDODPDQ
7DEHO .DUDNWHULVWLN
1R 0DFDP -XPODK
8PXU WDKXQ

3HQGLGLNDQ
6'
603
60$
37
3HQJDODPDQ EHWHUQDN
±
±
!
$VDO SHQJHWDKXDQ EHWHUQDN
7XUXQ 7HPXUXQ
3HQJDODPDQ GDUL WHPDQ NRSHUDVL
7XMXDQ SHPHOLKDUDDQ
3HPELELWDQ
3HQJJHPXNDQ
7DEXQJDQ NRPELQDVL
6XPEHU 'DWD SULPHU WHURODK

+DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNDQ EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN SHPELELWDQ


EDKZD VHEDJLDQ EHVDU UHVSRQGHQ SHQJJHPXNDQ GDQ WDEXQJDQ
EHUXVLD DQWDUD WDKXQ
GDQ PD\RULWDV UHVSRQGHQ .HDGDDQ VDSL SRWRQJ
KDQ\D EHUSHQGLGLNDQ WDPDW VHNRODK .HDGDDQ VDSLSRWRQJ \DQJ
GDVDU 1DPXQ GHPLNLDQ PD\RULWDV GLPDNVXG GDODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHOLSXWL
SHWHUQDN PHPLOLNL SHQJDODPDQ MHQLV VDSL \DQJ GLSHOLKDUD VWDWXV
GDODP KDO EXGLGD\D VDSL VHODPD OHELK NHSHPLOLNDQ VDSL GDQ XPXU VDSL VDDW
GDUL WDKXQ 3HQJHWDKXDQ WHQWDQJ SHPEHOLDQ 7DEHO
EXGLGD\D VDSL VHEDJLDQ EHVDU
GLWXUXQNDQ VHFDUD WXUXQ WHPXUXQ GDUL
RUDQJ WXDQ\D 0D\RULWDV SHWHUQDN
\DQJ PHPHOLKDUD VDSL

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

7DEHO .HDGDDQ VDSL SRWRQJ


1R 0DFDP -XPODK
-HQLV VDSL \DQJ GLSHOLKDUD
32
6LPHQWDO
/LPRVLQ
6WDWXV NHSHPLOLNDQ
0LOLN VHQGLUL
0LOLN VHQGLUL GDQ RUDQJ ODLQ
0LOLN RUDQJ ODLQ
8PXU VDSL VDDW SHPEHOLDQ EXODQ
32 ±
6LPHQWDO ±
/LPRVLQ ±
6XPEHU 'DWD SULPHU WHURODK

-HQLVVDSL \DQJ GLSHOLKDUD +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ PHQXQMXNDQEDKZD


UHVSRQGHQ GL ZLOD\DK SHQHOLWLDQ EODQWLN VDQJDW PHQHQWXNDQ
VHEDJLDQEHVDU DGDODK MHQLV KDUJD MXDO VDSL ,QIRUPDVL PHQJHQDL KDUJD
3HUDQDNDQ 2QJROH 32 GDQ VDSL SDOLQJ EDQ\DN GLSHUROHK
PHPHOLKDUD VDSL PLOLN VHQGLUL GDUL VHVDPD SHWHUQDN +DO LQL
PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD LQWHUDNVL DQWDU
&DUD SHPDVDUDQ GDQ WXMXDQ SDVDU SHWHUQDN GL GDHUDK SHQHOLWLDQ VXGDK EDJXV
3HWHUQDN PHPDVDUNDQ +DVLO SHUKLWXQJDQ PHQHPXNDQ EDKZD
WHUQDN VDSL SRWRQJQ\D GHQJDQ PHQMXDO NLVDUDQ KDUJD VDSL VDDW SHPEHOLDQ UDWD
NHSDGD SHGDJDQJ EODQWLN 7HUNDLW GHQJDQ UDWD VHEHVDU 5S YDULDVL KDUJD
ELD\D SHPDVDUDQ WUDQVSRUWDVL PHPLOLNL DQWDUD 5S 5S
NRQWULEXVL ELD\D \DQJ EHUNLVDU DQWDUD5S GDQ SHWHUQDN PHQMXDO VDSL SDGD NLVDUDQ
± 5S 6HODLQ LWX XSDK KDUJD UDWD UDWD 5S GHQJDQ
EODQWLN MXJD PHPHJDQJ SRUVL \DQJ EHVDU YDULDVL 5S ± 5S
\DNQL DQWDUD 5S KLQJJD 5S

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

7DEHO 3HQHQWXDQ KDUJD MXDO


1R 0DFDP -XPODK
3HQHQWXDQ KDUJD MXDO
3HWHUQDN
%ODQWLN SHGDJDQJ
,QIRUPDVL KDUJD VDSL
3HWHUQDN
%ODQWLN SHGDJDQJ
6XUYH\ NHSDVDU
5DWD ± UDWD KDUJD VDSL 5S
+DUJD VDSL VDDW PHPEHOL
+DUJD VDSL VDDW PHQMXDO
6XPEHU 'DWD SULPHU WHURODK

.LVDUDQKDUJD VDSL KDUJDVDSL VDDW SHODNVDQDDQ SHQHOLWLDQ


3HUEDQGLQJDQ NLVDUDQ KDUJD VDSL GLVDMLNDQ SDGD 7DEHO
VDDW SHUWDPD PHPHOLKDUD KLQJJD

7DEHO .LVDUDQKDUJD6DSL
+DUJD VDDW
.LVDUDQ XPXU +DUJD VDDW SHPEHOLDQ .LVDUDQ XPXU
VHNDUDQJ
32 ± ± 32 ±
±
6LPHQWDO ± 6LPHQWDO ±
±
/LPRVLQ ± ± /LPRVLQ ±
6XPEHU 'DWD SULPHU WHURODK

.LVDUDQ KDUJD VDSL WHUWLQJJL -DOXU SHPDVDUDQ WHUQDN 6DSL


WHUGDSDW SDGD VDSL MHQLV /LPRVLQ GLPDQD 3RWRQJ
KDUJD VDDW SHPEHOLDQ EHUNLVDU 5S 8PXPQ\D SDUD SHWDQL GL
± 5S XQWXN VDSL SHGDVDDQ GDODP PHPDVDUNDQ WHUQDNQ\D
/LPRVLQ EHUXPXU EXODQ WLGDN SHUQDK GDWDQJ ODQJVXQJ NHSDVDU
6HGDQJNDQ KDUJD VDSL OLPRVLQ EHUXPXU NHWHUOLEDWDQ EODQWLN GDQ SHGDJDQJ
EXODQ VDDW GLODNVDQDNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ VDQJDW EHVDU +DO WHUVHEXW VXGDK
VXGDK PHQJDODPL SHQLQJNDWDQ \DNQL PHOHPEDJD NDUHQD SHWDQL FXNXS WLQJJDO
DQWDUD 5S ± 5S GL UXPDK VDMD SDUD SHPEHOL VXGDK
+DUJD VDSL 3 XPXPQ\D OHELK UHQGDK GDWDQJ -DXKQ\D SDVDU WHUQDN
GDULSDGD 6LPHQWDO GDQ /LPRVLQ KDO LQL PHUXSDNDQ NHQGDOD SDUD SHWDQL XQWXN
NDUHQD VDSL 3 \DQJ DGD GL ODSDQJ PHQMXDO ODQJVXQJ NHSDVDU WHUQDN -DOXU
XPXPQ\D OHELK NHFLO EHQWXN SHPDVDUDQ WHUQDN VDSL SRWRQJ \DQJ
EDGDQQ\DGLEDQGLQJ VLPHQWDO GDQ GLODOXL ROHK SHODNX SDVDU GL 'HVD
/LPRVLQ 6XNROLOR VHSHUWUL WHUOLKDW SDGD JDPEDU
VHEDJDL EHULNXW
-DOXU SHPDVDUDQ GDQ ELD\D
SHPHOLKDUDDQ 6DSL 3RWRQJ

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

%HOL VDSL HNRU


5S 3(7(51$. 6$3,
32721*
SHWHUQDN

3('$*$1* RUDQJ
%HOL GU SHWHUQDN -$*$/
5S HNRU

'LMXDO HNRU 3$6$5 +(:$1


5S HNRU
5S

*DPEDU -DOXU SHPDVDUDQ VDSL SRWRQJ

-DOXU \DQJ GLODOXL SHWHUQDN GDODP PHPDVDUNDQ VDSL SRWRQJ DGD MDOXU \DLWX
3HWHUQDN 3DVDU +HZDQ
3HWHUQDN 3HGDJDQJ 3DVDU KHZDQ
3HWHUQDN 3HGDJDQJ -DJDO

3HWHUQDN \DQJ PHQJJXQDNDQ %LD\D SURGXNVL XVDKD WHUQDN


MDOXU DGD SHWHUQDN GHQJDQ PHQMXDO 6DSL 3RWRQJ
ODQJVXQJ NH SDVDU KHZDQ +DUJD UDWD UDWD %LD\D SURGXNVL SHU HNRU SHU WDKXQ
WHUQDN VDDW GLEHOL DGDODK 5S XQWXN VDSL SRWRQJ VHEHVDU 5S
SHWHUQDN SDGD MDOXU WHUVHEXW MXJD %LD\D WHWDS \DQJ GLPLOLNL DQWDUD ODLQ
EHUWLQGDN VHEDJDL SHGDJDQJ -DOXU NH FDQJNXO VDELW VRURN VDSX EDQJXQDQ
GLODNXNDQ PD\RULWDV SHWHUQDN GHQJDQ NDQGDQJ GOO VHGDQJNDQ ELD\D WLGDN WHWDS
PHQMXDO WHUQDNQ\D PHOHZDWL SHGDJDQJ PHOLSXWL SDNDQ ELD\D ,% REDW REDWDQ
-DOXU NH WHUGDSDW VDWX GDQ WHQDJD NHUMD %LD\D WHQDJD NHUMD WLGDN
SHGDJDQJ \DQJ PHPLQWD EDQWXDQ -DJDO VHPXD SHWHUQDN PHQJJXQDNDQ WHQDJD OXDU
XQWXN PHPRWRQJNDQ WHUQDNQ\D GHQJDQ KDQ\D SHWHUQDN \DQJ PHQJJXQDNDQ
NHDGDDQ \DQJ VXGDK VLDS MXDO WHQDJD OXDU GHQJDQ XSDK DQWDUD 5S
± 5S SHU KDUL

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

7DEHO 5DWD ± UDWD ELD\D SURGXNVL XVDKD WHUQDN 6DSL 3RWRQJ SHU WDKXQ
1R 0DFDP %LD\D 5S 3HUVHQWDVH
%LD\D WHWDS SHQ\XVXWDQ
&DQJNXO
6DELW
.HUDQMDQJ
(PEHU
.DQGDQJ
6RURN
6DSX
6XE WRWDO
%LD\D WLGDN WHWDS
3DNDQ KLMDXDQ
3DNDQ WDPEDKDQ
,%
2EDW ± REDWDQ
6XE WRWDO
7RWDO ELD\D
%LD\D SHU HNRU WDKXQ
6XPEHU GDWD SULPHU WHURODK

.HXQWXQJDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK EXODQ WHWDSL DSDELOD KDUJD EDLN PHVNL


SHWHUQDN VHODPD VHWDKXQ SHU HNRU 5S EHOXP EDWDV ZDNWX SHPHOLKDUDDQ WHUQDN
5S 5S WHUVHEXW GLMXDO 7HUGDSDW VHRUDQJ
5S $WDX 5S SHGDJDQJ PHQMXDO GDODP EHQWXN VXGDK
EXODQ PHOLKDW KDVLO GLSRWRQJ SHODNVDQDDQ SHPRWRQJDQ
NHXQWXQJDQ WHUVHEXW UHODWLI NHFLO WHWDSL GLODNXNDQ GL UXPDK SRWRQJ KHZDQ
KDVLO WHUVHEXW VXGDK PHPEDQWX HNRQRPL VHEDJDL JDPEDUDQ GDUL SHQMXDODQ \DQJ
NHOXDUJD VHEDJDL WDEXQJDQ GDQ XVDKD GLODNXNDQ SHGDJDQJ GDODP EHQWXN
VDPSLQJDQ %LDVDQ\D SHWHUQDN WLGDN GDJLQJ VHEDJDL EHULNXW PLVDOQ\D WHUQDN
PHPSHUKLWXQJNDQ ELD\D \DQJ SRWRQJ GHQJDQ EHUDW KLGXS NJ
GLNHOXDUNDQ MDGL PHUDVD VHOLVLK GDUL GHQJDQ NLVDUDQ KDUJD MXWD PDND
KDUJD EHOL DZDO GDQ KDUJD VDDW GLMXDO DNDQ PHQJKDVLONDQ NDUNDV NJ
VXGDK PHUXSDNDQ NHXQWXQJDQ \DQJ GHQJDQ EHUDW GDJLQJ OHELK NXUDQJ
GLSHUROHK NJ ,QIRUPDVL KDUJD GDUL PDVLQJ
PDVLQJ KDVLO SHPRWRQJDQ VHEDJDL
%LD\D SHPDVDUDQ EHULNXW
%LD\D SHPDVDUDQ GLWDQJJXQJ
ROHK SHGDJDQJ SHGDJDQJ DSDELOD D +DUJD GDJLQJ 5S ±
PHPEHOL GDUL SHWHUQDN GDQ ODQJVXQJ 5S EHUDW NJ
GLMXDO NH SDVDU PHQJDPELO NHXQWXQJDQ E +DUJD NXOLW 5S GHQJDQ
5S SHU HNRU .DGDQJNDOD EHUDW NJ
SHGDJDQJ MXJD EHWHUQDN VHQGLUL GLUXPDK F .HSDOD 5S NJ EHUDW NHSDOD
GHQJDQ NXUXQ ZDNWX SHPHOLKDUDQ NJ

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

G (NRU 5S NJ EHUDW NJ 7UDQVPLVL KDUJD


H +DWL 5S NJ EHUDW NJ +DVLO SHUKLWXQJDQ NRUHODVL
I -HURDQ 5S NJ EHUDW .J DQWDUD KDUJD GLWLQJNDW SHWHUQDN GDQ
J 7XODQJ 5S NJ EHUDW NJ SHGDJDQJ PHPLONL U VHKLQJJD
NRUHODVLQ\D OHPDK GDQ LQWHJUDVL
7HUQDN DSDELOD GLMXDO GDODP SDVDUQ\D WLGDN HILVLHQ
EHQWXN GDJLQJ PDND SHWHUQDN SHGDJDQJ
DNDQ PHQGDSDWNDQ KDVLO SHQMXDODQ 3I ER E 3U 3U
VHEDVDU 5S SHQMXDODQ
WHUVHEXW EHOXP WHUPDVXN GLGLK \DQJ
VHULQJNDOL GLMXDO ROHK SDUD SHGDJDQJ U
GDJLQJ 2QJNRV SHPRWRQJDQ WHUQDN
DSDELOD KDQ\D PHPRWRQJ VDMD SHU HNRU
5S DSDELOD VXGDK GDODP EHQWXN
WHUSLVDK GDQ VLDS MXDO PDND SHU HNRU 5S 3I
(7 [
%LD\D SHPDVDUDQ \DQJ E 3U
GLNHOXDUNDQ SHGDJDQJ XQWXN
PHPDVDUNDQ WHUQDN NH SDVDU KHZDQ SHU
HNRU VHEDJDL EHULNXW (7 [
D 5HWULEXVL SDVDU 5S
E 7UDQVSRUWDVL 5S (7 [
F 8SDK 5S G 3DNDQ 5S
(7
7RWDO ELD\D SHPDVDUDQ SHU HNRU
GDODP VDWX NDOL SHPDVDUDQ DGDODK 5S (ODVWLVLWDV WUDQVPLVL KDUJD DWDX
$SDELOD GLKLWXQJ EHUGDVDUNDQ ELDVDQ\D GLVHEXW WUDQVPLVL KDUJD DGDODK
KDVLO SHQMXDODQ WHUQDN PDND KDUJD UDWD VXDWX DQJND \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
UDWD GL WLQJNDW SHGDJDQJ 5S PHOLKDW NDLWDQ DQWDUD KDUJD GLWLQJNDW
GDQ KDUJD GLWLQJNDW SHWHUQDN 5S SURGXVHQ DNLEDW SHUXEDKDQ KDUJD GL
PDND PDUJLQ SHPDVDUDQQ\D WLQJNDW NRQVXPHQ +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ
DGDODK 5S SHU HNRU WHUQDN PHQHPXNDQ QLODL HODVWLVLWDV WUDQVPLVL
GHZDVD 3HGDJDQJ VHWLDS HNRU VHWLDS DGDODK +DO LQL PHQXQMXNDQ
SDVDUDQ PHQHULPD NHXQWXQJDQ 5S EDKZD ODMX SHUXEDKDQ KDUJD GLWLQJNDW
DWDX 5S VHWLDS EXODQ SHWHUQDN VDQJDW NHFLO GLEDQGLQJNDQ
DGD VDWX SHGDJDQJ VHWLDS SDVDUDQ GDSDW GHQJDQ ODMX SHUXEDKDQ KDUJD GL WLQJNDW
PHQMXDO OHELK NXUDQJ HNRU WHUQDN SHQJHFHU 3DVDU WHUVHEXW EHUVDLQJ WLGDN
GHQJDQ GXD NDOL SHPDVDUDQ VHWLDS VHPSXUQD GDQ WLGDN HILVLHQ
PLQJJXQ\D 6HKLQJJD VHWLDS SDVDUDQ
GDSDW PHPSHUROHK NHXQWXQJDQ 5S 3HQGHNDWDQ VWUXNWXU SULODNX GDQ
$SDELOD GLEDQGLQJNDQ SHQDPSLODQ SDVDU
GHQJDQ SHWHUQDN NHXQWXQJDQ SHGDJDQJ
WHUPDVXN VDQJDW EHVDU SHWHUQDN SHU 6WUXNWXU SDVDU
EXODQ KDQ\D PHQHULPD 5S 6WUXNWXU SDVDU DGDODK EHQWXN
VHDQGDLQ\D SDNDQ WHUQDN \DQJ EHUXSD RUJDQLVDVL \DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKL VWUDWHJL
KLMDXDQ WLGDN GLSHUKLWXQJNDQ PDND SDVDU EHUGDVDUNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ WHQWDQJ
SHWHUQDN VHWLDS EXODQ PHQGDSDW VWUXNWXU SDVDU GDSDW GLSHUROHK KDVLO
NHXQWXQJDQ 5S EXODQ EDKZD GL 3DVDU 7XPSDQJ 6LQJRVDUL
GDQ 3DNLV MXPODK SHGDJDQJ VDSL EDQ\DN

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

GLWHPXNDQ 7HWDSL SHQMXDO WHUQDN GDUL SHGDJDQJ \DQJ VXGDK EHUWDKXQ WDKXQ
SHWHUQDN \DQJ ODQJVXQJ NH SDVDU MDUDQJ VXGDK GDSDW PHPSHUNLUDNDQ KDUJD GDQ
WHUMDGL 6HKLQJJD KDUJD WHUQDN GL SDVDU VHKDW WLGDNQ\D WHUQDN EDKNDQ VDODK VDWX
GLWHQWXNDQ ROHK SDUD SHUDQWDUD EDLN SHGDJDQJ GDSDW PHPSHUNLUDNDQ
EODQWLN SHGDJDQJ GHVD GDQ SHGDJDQJ SHUEDQGLQJDQ NDUNDV GDQ GDJLQJ \DQJ
DQWDU NRWD -XPODK SHPEHOL GLKDVLONDQ 6HGDQJNDQ XQWXN NXDOLWDV
SHGDJDQJ DQWDU NRWD \DQJ NH SDVDU RUJDQ GDODP VHSHUWL KDWL KDQ\D GDSDW
VHGLNLW KDQ\D VDMD SDUD SHGDJDQJ GHVD GLNHWDKXL NDODX WHUQDN WHODK GLVHPEHOLK
VHULQJNDOL KDELV WHUMXDO GDJDQJDQQ\D 3UDNWHN WLGDN MXMXU GDODP SURVHV
-XPODK SHQMXDO GDQ SHPEHOL DNDQ SHUGDJDQJDQ WHUQDN DQWDU EODQWLN GDQ
EHUSHQJDUXK SDGD EHQWXN SDVDU \DQJ SHGDJDQJ EHUGDVDUNDQ SHQHOLWLDQ
WHUMDGL DSDELOD SHQMXDO EDQ\DN GDQ DGD GLODNXNDQ GDODP KDO KDUJD WHUQDN
EDUDQJQ\D KRPRJHQ PDND WHUMDGLODK NDGDQJNDOD LQIRUPDVL KDUJD WLGDN
SDVDU SHUVDLQJDQ VHPSXUQD .DODX GLLQIRUPDVLNDQ VHKLQJJD PHVNLSXQ
SHPEHOL KDQ\D VHGLNLW PDND WHUMDGL KDUJD QDLN PHPEHOL NH SHWHUQDN GHQJDQ
SDVDU \DQJ ROLJRSVRQL .HPXGDKDQ KDUJD PXUDK 3HUVDLQJDQ DQWDU EODQWLN
PDVXN GDQ NHOXDU SDVDU SDUD SHGDJDQJ GDQ SHGDJDQJ DGD WHWDSL WLGDN VHULQJ
EDLN SHQMXDO DWDX SHPEHOL PXGDK WHUMDGL XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ WHUQDN WHWDSL
NHOXDU PDVXN NH SDVDU NRQVXPHQ XQWXN SHPEHOL WHUQDN GLSDVDU VHULQJ
SHURUDQJDQSXQ GDSDW PDVXN NHSDVDU DQWDU EODQWLN SDVDU VDOLQJ EHUVHNRQJNRO
XQWXN PHQFDUL WHUQDN \DQJ DNDQ XQWXN PHQXWXSL KDUJD \DQJ VHEHQDUQ\D
GLEHOLQ\D WHWDSL MDUDQJ VHNDOL 3URPRVL XQWXN SHPDVDUDQ MDUDQJ
PHQGDSDWNDQ WHUQDN GDUL SURGXVHQ GLODNXNDQ ROHK SHGDJDQJ NDUHQD SDUD
SHWHUQDN ODQJVXQJ +DO WHUVHEXW WHUMDGL SHGDJDQJ DGDODK SHGDJDQJ DQWDU
NDUHQD VXOLWQ\D WUDQVSRUWDVL GDQ MDUDN NHFDPDWDQ VHKLQJJD WLGDN SHUOX
SDVDU \DQJ FXNXS MDXK GDUL UXPDK SDUD PHODNXNDQ SURPRVL 7HUQDN \DQJ
SHWHUQDN 3HQJHWDKXDQ NRQVXPHQ GLEDZD NH SDVDU NHEDQ\DNDQ ODNX GLMXDO
WHUKDGDS KDUJD NRQVXPHQ GLVLQL DGDODK VHKLQJJD WLGDN PHQJDODPL NHVXOLWDQ
SDUD SHGDJDQJ GDQ MDJDO XQWXN GDODP SHPDVDUDQ 8QWXN PHPDVDUNDQ
LQIRUPDVL KDUJD XPXPQ\D NRQVXPHQ WHUQDN GLSHUOXNDQ ELD\D DQWDUD ODLQ
OHELK IDKDP NDUHQD MDULQJDQ DQWDU ELD\D WUDQVSRUW ELD\D SDNDQ VDDW
SHGDJDQJ LQL VDQJDW NXDW VHKLQJJD GLSDVDUNDQ XSDK SHQMDJD WHUQDN ELD\D
LQIRUPDVL LQIRUPDVL WHQWDQJ SHPDVDUDQ WHUVHEXW PDVLK QRUPDO HILVLHQ
GLSHUROHK VDQJDW FHSDW GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ SHQGDSDWDQ \DQJ
GLSHUROHK SHGDJDQJ +DQ\D VDMD NDODX
3HULODNX SDVDU WHUQDN WHUVHEXW GLMXDO VDPSDL NHOXDU
3HULODNX SDVDU PHUXSDNDQ SURSLQVL ELD\D WUDQVSRUWDVL \DQJ EHVDU
SURVHV JHUDN \DQJ WHUMDGL GL SDVDU PHQMDGL EHEDQ SHGDJDQJ
IDNWRU \DQJ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ SHULODNX
SDVDU DQWDUD ODLQ SHQHQWXDQ NXDOLWDV 3HQDPSLODQ SDVDU
SUDNWHN WLGDN MXMXU SHUVDLQJDQ GDQ 3HQDPSLODQ SDVDU ELVD GLGHNDWL
NROXVL DQWDU SHGDJDQJ SURPRVL GDQ GDUL VKDUH SURGXVHQ NHWHUVHGLDDQ
ELD\D SHPDVDUDQ .XDOLWDV WHUQDN \DQJ SURGXN SHQLQJNDWDQ SHQMXDODQ GDQ
GLMXDO KDQ\D GLOLKDW VHFDUD ILVLN VDMD WHKQRORJL 5DWD UDWD SHWHUQDN SHU EXODQ
ELDVDQ\D GDUL SHQDPSLODQ JHPXN GDQ PHQHULPD SHQGDSDWDQ 5S
NXUXVQ\D WHUQDN SDUD SHGDJDQJ VXGDK VHGDQJNDQ SHGDJDQJ VHWLDS SDVDUDQ DWDX
GDSDW PHQHQWXNDQ KDUJD WHUQDN \DQJ VHPLQJJX NDOL SDVDUDQ PHQGDSDW
GLSDVDUNDQ 3HQJDODPDQ MXDO EHOL SDUD SHQGDSDWDQ 5S HNRU 6KDUH

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

SHWHUQDN VDQJDW NHFLO GLEDQGLQJ GHQJDQ UDWD 5S GDQ KDUJD MXDO


VKDUH XQWXN SHGDJDQJ NHFLOQ\D VKDUH 5S GHQJDQ XVLD
\DQJ GLWHULPD SHWHUQDN GLVHEDENDQ SHPHOLKDUDDQ NXUDQJ OHELK WDKXQ
NDUHQD SDUD SHWHUQDN PHQJHOXDUNDQ 7HUGDSDW VDWX SHWHUQDN \DQJ
ELD\D XQWXN SHPHOLKDUDDQ SHU HNRU SHU PHUDQJNDS VHEDJDL SHGDJDQJ
WDKXQ DGDODK 5S DWDX 5S GHQJDQ PHQXDO WHUQDNQ\D ODQJVXQJ
EXODQ HNRU VHGDQJNDQ NH SDVDU KHZDQ VHUWD PHODNXNDQ
SHQMXDODQQ\D WLGDN ODQJVXQJ NH SHPRWRQJDQ WHUQDN GHQJDQ GLEDQWX
SHGDJDQJ DQWDU GDHUDK WHWDSL PHODOXL MDJDO
SHGDJDQJ GHVD WHUOHELK GDKXOX %LD\D SURGXNVL \DQJ GLNHOXDUNDQ
.HWHUVHGLDDQ VDSL WLGDN GDSDW SHU HNRU SHU WDKXQ UDWD UDWD 5S
WHULQWHJUDVL KDO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ WXMXDQ GHQJDQ NHXQWXQJDQ \DQJ
SHPHOLKDUDDQ \DQJ EHUEHGD DQWDU GLSHUROHK 5S VHGDQJNDQ
SHWHUQDN PD\RULWDV DGDODK XQWXN SHGDQJDQJ VHWLDS HNRU PHQJDPELO
WDEXQJDQ MDGL PHQMXDOQ\D NDODX NHXQWXQJDQ 5S GHQJDQ
SHWHUQDN PHPLOLNL NHEXWXKDQ $GDQ\D PHODNXNDQ SHQMXDODQ [ VHWLDS
ODUDQJDQ LPSRU VDSL EHUSHQJDUXK SDGD PLQJJX WHUQDN \DQJ GLMXDO NXUDQJ
NHWHUVHGLDDQ VDSL VHKLQJJD EDQ\DN VDSL OHELK # HNRU
ORNDO \DQJ GLSRWRQJ 8QWXN SHQLQJNDWDQ +XEXQJDQ DQWDUD SHUXEDKDQ KDUJD
SHQMXDODQ EDJL SDUD SHWHUQDN NDUHQD GL WLQJNDW NRQVXPHQ GDQ SURGXVHQ
SHPHOLKDUDDQ KDQ\D EHUNLVDU HNRU WLGDN HILVLHQ NDUHQD PHPLOLNL DQJND
NRQGLVL SHQMXDODQ VWDJQDQ VHGDQJNDQ NRUHODVL GDQ HODVWLVLWDV
XQWXN SHGDJDQJ SHQMXDODQ QDLN WXUXQ WUDQVPLVL
GHQJDQ UDWD UDWD NLVDUDQ DQWDUD 3HQGHNDWDQ VWUXNWXU SDVDU NXUDQJ
VHWLDS SDVDUDQ 3HPDQIDDWDQ WHKQRORJL HILVLHQ KDO LQL GLVHEDENDQ SHWHUQDN
EHOXP EDQ\DN GLODNXNDQ PDVLK WLGDN PHQMXDO ODQJVXQJ NH SDVDU
VHGHUKDQD WHKQRORJL LQIRUPDVL KDQ\D -XPODK SHPEHOL SHGDJDQJ OHELK
PHODOXL KDQG SKRQH VHGDQJNDQ XQWXN VHGLNLW PDND WHUMDGL SDVDU \DQJ
SHPDVDUDQ OHZDW LQWHUQHW EHOXP ROLJRSVRQL 3HULODNX SDVDU GDODP
GLODNXNDQ 'HPLNLDQ KDOQ\D SHQHQWXDQ PHQHQWXNDQ NXDOLWDV KDQ\D
EHUDW WHUQDN WLGDN GLODNXNDQ EHUGDVDUNDQ ILVLN WHUQDN 'DODP
SHQLPEDQJDQ KDQ\D EHUGDVDUNDQ PHQHQWXNDQ KDUJD SUDNWHN WLGDN
WDNVLUDQ MXMXU VHULQJ WHUMDGL WHUXWDPD GDODP
LQIRUPDVL KDUJD WHUKDGDS SHWHUQDN
.(6,038/$1 6KDUH \DQJ GLWHULPD SURGXVHQ
8VLD 3HWHUQDN GDQ 3HGDJDQJ VDQJDW NHFLO \DLWX 5S HNRU
WHUPDVXN XVLD SURGXNWLI PD\RULWDV
SHWHUQDN EHUSHQGLGLNDQ 6' GHQJDQ 6$5$1
EHUSHQJDODPDQ SHWHUQDN NXUDQJ 3HUOX SHUDQ SHPHULQWDK GDODP
OHELK WDKXQ -HQLV WHUQDN \DQJ PHPEHQWXN NHOHPEDJDDQ \DQJ
GLSHOLKDUD DGDODK EHUIXQJVL XQWXN PHQMHPEDWDQL SURVHV
3HUDQDNDQ 2QJROH GHQJDQ VWDWXV MXDO EHOL WHUQDN VHKLQJJD ELVD
NHSHPLOLNDQ PLOLN VHQGLUL PHQJXQWXQJNDQ SLKDN SHWHUQDN

3HWHUQDN PHQMXDO WHUQDNQ\D '$)7$5 3867$.$


NHEDQ\DNDQ NH SHGDJDQJ EHODQWLN $OPD % 0DQDMHPHQ 3HPDVDUDQ
+DUJD MXDO GLWHQWXNDQ ROHK GDQ 3HPDVDUDQ -DVD 3HQHUELW
SHGDJDQJ NLVDUDQ KDUJD EHOL UDWD $/)$%(7$ %DQGXQJ

'2, XE MLLS
- ,OPX ,OPX 3HWHUQDNDQ ±

$VUL 0 0DUNHWLQJ 3HQHUELW GDQ


SHUFHWDNDQ 0DQJNXQHJDUD $ % 3HULODNX
$03 <.31 <RJ\DNDUWD .RQVXPHQ 37 5HILND $GLWDPD
&KDQGUD * 3HPDVDUDQ *OREDO %DQGXQJ
3HQHUELW $1', <RJ\DNDUWD 3HPHULQWDK .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ
&URQLQJHQ & 9 'HYLWW & - % :LOWRQ 6HOD\DQJ 3DQGDQJ .DEXSDWHQ
- : DQG &UDQILHOG - $ / 0DODQJ :HEVLWH UHVPL
(FRQRPLF HYDOXDWLRQV RI EHHI 3HPHULQWDK .DEXSDWHQ 0DODQJ
%XOOV LQ DQ LQWHJUDWHG VXSSO\ 'LDNVHV SDGD WDQJJDO 2NWREHU
FKDLQ -RXUQDO RI $QLPDO
6FLHQFH - $1,0 6&, KWWS ZZZ PDODQJNDE JR LG NRQ
WHQ KWPO
+X\HQ / 7 7 +HUROG 3 DQG 6LPDPRUD %LOVRQ 0HPHQDQJNDQ
=LUDWH $ 9 )DUP W\SHV IRU 3DVDU 37 *UDPHGLD 3XVWDND
EHHI SURGXFWLRQ DQG WKHLU 8WDPD -DNDUWD
HFRQRPLF 6XFFHVV LQ D 6RHNDUWDZL 0DQDMHPHQ
PRXQWDLQRXV SURYLQFH RI 3HPDVDUDQ +DVLO +DVLO 3HUWDQLDQ
QRUWKHUQ 9LHWQDP -RXUQDO 7HRUL GDQ $SOLNDVLQ\D 5DMDZDOL
$JULFXOWXUDO 6\VWHPV 3UHVV -DNDUWD
6XGL\RQR $ 3HPDVDUDQ
.RWOHU 0DQDMHPHQ 3HUWDQLDQ 800 3UHVV 3HQHUELW
3HPDVDUDQ 3UHKDOOLQGR HGLVL 8QLYHUVLWDV 0XKDPDGLD\DK
-DNDUWD 0DODQJ

'2, XE MLLS

You might also like