1 @ (b) FAS-PASS Maths CSEC MATHEMATICS MAY-JUNE 2016 SECTION L Using a calculator, ot otherwise, calculate SOLUTION: Required to calculate: Calculation: ‘Numerator: Numerator 18 Denominator 24 3 bos ‘ =} (asa fraction in its lowest terms) (i) (2.86+0.75)+0.481’, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places. SOLUTION: Required to calculate: (2.86+0.75)+0.481° correct to 2 decimal places Calculation: (2.86+0.75) +0481 =(2.86+ 0.75) + (0.481x0.481) 61+0.231361 (by the calculator) =3.841361 84 (correct to 2 decimal places) Paul bought and sold a computer. He wrote his business activity as follows: Cost price of computer $1064 Marked price of computer = $1399 Discount on marked price = 5% Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. wwe faspassmaths.com Pg tor4aFAS-PASS Maths (If paid by cash) Calculate, @ Gi) The selling price (paid cash) SOLUTION: Data: The cost price of a computer is $1 064. The marked price of the computer is $1 399 and a discount of 5% is given off the marked price if it is paid for by cash. Required to calculate: The selling price of the computer Calculation: Discount if cash is paid is 5%. Discount =5% of $1399 = xs1399 100 = $69.95 Selling price = $1399 - $69.95 = $1329.05 OR Selling price is (100-5)% of $1399 = $1 329.05 The profit or loss as a percentage of the cost price. SOLUTION: Required to calculate: The percentage profit or loss Calculation: The profit, if cash is paid =$1329.05—$1064.00 = $265.05 Percentage profit if cash is paid =_P°8' 199 Cost price = 265.05 1949 $1064 = 24.91% = 24.9% (correct to 1 decimal place) However, if cash was not paid and some alternative payment was accepted, and there is no discount; this would lead to a different percentage profit. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 20t4s(o) FAS-PASS Maths -. Profit = $1399-$1064= $335, _ $3 Profit percentage $1064 31.5% 100 = 31.48% Orange juice is sold in cartons on three different sizes. Carton Size Selling Price 350 ml $4.20 450 ml $5.35 300 ml $5.80 Which size of orange juice is the most cost-effective buy? Justify your answer. SOLUTION: Data: Table showing the prices of three different sizes of cartons of orange juice. ‘The 350 ml volume is $4.20, the 450 ml carton is $5.35 and the 500 ml carton is $5.80. Required to state: The most cost-effective buy Solution: Carton size of 350 ml is sold for $4.20. $4.20 350 =1.20 cents Hence, cost per ml = Carton size of 450 ml is sold for $5.35 HesigMort par mi = 5535 450 =1.19 cents Carton size of 500 ml is sold for $5.80. Hence, cost per mt = 55:80 500 =1.16 cents If ‘costeffective’ means solely the cheapest buy, then 1.16 <1.19<1.20 and ‘orange juice in the 500 ml carton is then the most cost-effective. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Py 3otas2. (a) (b) FAS-PASS Maths Factorise completely: @® 4-16 SOLUTION: Required to factorise: 4a* —16 Solution; 4a -16=4(a" 4) =4{(a) -2)} ‘The terms within the curly brackets squares and can be further factorised. 4a’ -16=4(a—2)(a +2) is now expressed as a difference of two Hene Gi) 3y?+2y-8 SOLUTION: Required to factorise: 3y’ +2y—-8 Solution: ~~ 3y° +2y-8=(3y-4)(y+2) ay? +6y ~4y-8 Sys 2y=8 ay? +2y-8=(3y—4)(y+2) Solve the simultaneous equations: Qxty=3 Sx-2y=12 SOLUTION: Required to solve: 2x + y=3 and 5x—2y=12 simultaneously Solution: Method of substitution Qxty=3 0 Sx-2y=12 ...@ Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww. faspassmaths.com Py dorasFAS-PASS Maths From equation @: yo3-2x 8 Substitute equation @ into equation @: Sx—2(3-2x)=12 Sx-644x=12 9x=18 Substitute y=3-2(2) 3-4 =2 into equation ©: =2and y= Alternative Method: Method of elimination dxty=3 0 Sx-2y=12 ..@ Equation © x2 4xt+2y=6 8 Equation @ + Equation @: Substitute x =2 into equation ©. 2(2)+y=3 ya3-4 =-1 =2 and y= Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Py 50f49FAS-PASS Maths Alternative Method: Graphical method Treating the two equations as the equations of straight lines, we draw both lines on the same axes, We find the coordinates of two points on both lines and plot them. Then we draw both lines extending either or both, if necessary, tll they meet. Qxty Sx-2y=12 x y x y 0 Z 0 fy 1s 7 22 q 2 5 ‘The point of intersection is (2, x=2and y=-1 Alternative Method: The matrix method Qty=3 0 Sx-2y=12 8 (2 fx) (3) matrix equation is alo ly Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pgs ot4sFAS-PASS Maths (2 1 (d) The table below shows corresponding values of the variables x and y, where y varies directly as x. x 6 10 v 3 u 9 Calculate the value of # and of w. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 7 of493. @ FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Data: Two variables are such that y varies directly as x. A table of corresponding values of x and y Required to calculate: The value of and of u. Caleulatio varies directly as x sper Hence, poke (where & is the constant of proportion) x=6 when y=3 (data) 1 3=KX6 ee 2 1 se, y=4 y 3* When x=10 1 =(10) S00) u=5 When y=9 1 2 8 8 ‘The Venn diagram below shows the number of students who study History and French in a class of 30 students, U = {students in the class} H = (students who study History} F = {students who study French} iv Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww. faspassmaths.com Py 8otas@ Gi) FAS-PASS Maths Write an expression, in x, in its simplest form, for the TOTAL number of students in the class, SOLUTION: Data: A Venn diagram showing the number of students who study History and French in a class of 30 students. iv Required to write: An expression for the total number of students, in terms of x Solution: The total number of the students in the class =(18— x) +x+(14—x)+5 =37-x (in its simplest form) State whether the following relationships are true or false. ° HUF © HOF SOLUTION: Required to state: Whether the relationships HUF =U and HOF" =¢ are true or false. Soluti © (HUF) =540 HUE +U Hence, the statement given is false. * HOF" is equal to the set of elements common to Hand F’, which is the same as the elements belonging to Hf only. From the diagram, H only, is not empty. Recall: 37-x=30 x=7 HOF =18-7 =11 HOF'40 HOF#¢ Hence, the statement given is false. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 90t4s(b) (iii) @ FAS-PASS Maths Determine the number of students who study BOTH History and French. SOLUTION: Required to determine: The number of students who study both History and French Solutio There are a total of 30 students in the class. (data) 237-x=30 x=37-30 x=7 The number of students who study both History and French is expressed as n(H AF) =x=7. Using a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses, construct triangle POR with PQ = Sem, ZPOR= 60° and ZOPR=90°. SOLUTION: Data: Triangle POR has PQ =Scm, ZPQOR=60° and ZOPR =90° Required to construct: Triangle POR, using a ruler, a pencil and a pair of compasses Solution: Step 1: Construct PQ = 5 om. We draw a straight line longer that 5 cm and cut off PQ = Sm oy Step 2: Construct an angle of 60 degrees at 0. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 100149FAS-PASS Maths (a P sem 2 Step 3: Construct an angle of 90 degrees at P , (a P Sem @ Step 4: By extending the arms of the triangle at P and at Q, we locate R, the third point of the triangle. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg tt of49FAS-PASS Maths (i) Measure and state © the length of PR © the measure of ZPRO SOLUTION: Required to measure: And state the length of PR and ZPRQ Solution: © The length of PR=8.7cm (by measurement) ‘* The measure of ZPRQ = 30° (by measurement) 4. The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a silver box with no lid. The sides and bottom of the box are 1.5 em thick. rem NY 1 30m\*s |! 1 fis em (a) Calculate the volume of the box using the external dimensions. Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww. faspassmaths.com Pg 120149(b) © FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing a silver box with no lid and of dimensions 30 em by 20 cm by 15 cm and thickness 1.5 cm. etm Required to calculate: The volume of the box using the external dimensions Calculation: External volume of the box = (30x 20x15) cm’ = 9000 cm’ Complete EACH of the following statements. () The internal length of the box is 30 em—2x1.5 em= Solution: The internal length of the box is 30 cm—2>1.5 cm =27em (ii) The internal width of the box is .. Solution: The internal width of the box is 20-2(1.5) cm Tom (iii) The internal depth of the box is Solut The internal depth of the box is 15—1(1.5) cm=13.5 em Calculate the internal volume of the box. SOLUTION: Required to calculate: The interval volume of the box. Calculation: ‘The internal volume of the box =(27%17x13.5) om* 6196.5 em* Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 13.0149,FAS-PASS Maths (d)__ The box is made of silver which has a mass of 10.5 g for each cm*. Calculate the mass of the silver box, giving your answer in kg. SOLUTION: Data: The box is made of silver which has a mass of 10.5 g for each em’, Required to calculate: The mass of the silver box, in kg Calculation ‘The volume of silver = External volume of the box — Internal volume of the box =9000-6196.5 = 2803.5 em* Mass of silver is 10.5 g em”. *. Mass of box = 2803.5%10.5 = 29436.75g — 29436.75 1000 = 29.4365 kg = 29.44 kg (correct to 2 decimal places) 5. (a) The diagram below, not drawn to seale, shows two straight lines, JK and JL, intersecting a pair of parallel lines, EF and GH. Determine, giving reasons for EACH of your answers, the value of: @ x SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing two straight lines, JK and JL, intersecting a pair of parallel lines, EF and GH. Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww. faspassmaths.com Pg 14 0149FAS-PASS Maths Required to determine: The value of x Solution: ’ Wee : x= 180-128 = 52 (xis a numerical value and does not carry units) (Angle in a straight line or a straight angle = 180°) Gy SOLUTION: Required to determin Solution: The value of y y= 128(y is a numerical value and does not carry units) Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 150149FAS-PASS Maths (Corresponding angle to the angle marked 128°) (ii) w SOLUTION: Required To Determine: The value of w. Solution: Angles on a straight line or straight angles 4 H Angles on a straight line K or straight angles w® + 52°+80° = 180° (Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°) w=180—(80+52) =48 (w is a numerical value and does not carry units) (b) The diagram below shows a triangle RST and its image R'S'T" after a ‘transformation. 2 a na fa @ Describe FULLY the transformation which maps RST onto R' Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 18 0149,Gi) FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing a triangle RST and its image R'S'T" after a transformation, Required to describe: The transformation which maps RST onto R'S'T’ fully Solution: ’ ed ++ Lis R | 2 at The image R'S'T’ is congruent to object RST. There is no flip (lateral inversion), re-orientation or change in size (with respect to the object). The transformation is deduced to be a translation. Considering one set of object-image point, say, S > S’ The shift is 2 units horizontally to the right and 4 units vertically / 2) downwards. Hence, the transition, 7, can be defined as T =| : |. 4) Triangle RST is reflected in the line, x=6. On the graph above, draw triangle, R'S"7",, the image of ARST , after the reflection. Write down the coordinates of R” SOLUTION: Data: Triangle RST is reflected in the line x =6 to give triangle R'S"T" Required to write: The coordinates of R” Soluti The line x = 6 is shown dotted and in blue Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 17 of49FAS-PASS Maths The image of each vertex of the object is measured the same perpendicular distance on the opposite side of the reflection plane. The three are joined to obtain the image. z x=6 RED 63s "|. 3) R(10. 3) TQ,H| iT do, 3) t a | t 4 hobo we f s i oe te se R’=(10, 3) 6. (a) The diagram below shows the graph of the straight line, x + y =3. Determine the equation of the line which is (Parallel to the line x+y =3 and passes through the origin. Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww. faspassmaths.com Pg 18.0149@ FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing the graph of the straight line, x + y Required to determine: The equation of the line which is parallel to x+y =3 and passes through the origin Solution: ’ If x+y =3, then y=—x+3 which is of the form y= mx +c, where m =-1 is the gradient of the line. The line through O and parallel to x+y =3 will also have gradient of - 1 (Parallel lines have the same gradient). Equation is -1(x-0) =x or x+ Perpendicular to the line x + y =3 and passes through the midpoint of 4B. SOLUTION: Required to determine: The equation of the line perpendicular to the line x+y =3 and passes through the midpoint of AB Solution: Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 19.0149(b) FAS-PASS Maths Let the midpoint of AB be M. M= - =! gradient of AB 1 (The product of the gradients of perpendicular lines = -1). The equation of the perpendicular to 4B and passing through the midpoint (that is, the perpendicular bisector of 4B) is Any line perpendicular to AB has a gradient of The function y = x° —2x—3 is defined in the domain, —2 < x <4. The table below shows the corresponding values of y for five sel -d values of x, 0 I 2 3 Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmatns.com Pg 200149FAS-PASS Maths () Complete the table by calculating and inserting the missing values of y SOLUTION: ‘able showing five corresponding values of x and y for the function y=x?—2x-3 forthe domain, -2 z HEB HEE Lge Lao Ee a "06-00 ‘700073800800 08:30 09°00 10:00 Time of day (100-40) km = 60 km from 07:30 to 08:30 60 km in | hour Stage 3 Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com P9 37 of49FAS-PASS Maths pS tn EE Distance (km) i SEINEE ES] a0 ao ea wl Se EN ‘seo 10:00 Time of day (100-0) km = 100 km from 08:45 to 10:00 100 km in 1 Pours Total distance covered = 40+60+100 = 200 km Total time taken =1+1+ u 1 = 3—hours 4 Totaldistance covered Total time taken 200 km, Average speed = 34 hour 4 _ 800 = kmh" 2 © 61.54 kmh™ Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com P9 38.0149FAS-PASS Maths MEASUREMENT, GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY ‘The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows a circle, center O. EH and EF are tangents to the circle. FOG and JOH are straight lines. The measure of ZFEH = 44° 10. (a) F Calculate, giving reasons for your answer, the measure of: @ EHF SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing a circle, center O. EH and EF are tangents to the circle. FOG and JOH are straight lines. The measure of ZFEH = 44° Required to calculate: ZEHF Calculation: The two tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point outside the circle are equal in length. Hence, EH = EF and triangle EHF is isosceles. -. EHF = EFH (the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal) Each would therefore be Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. wwe faspassmaths.com P9 390149FAS-PASS Maths _ 180° 44? SS 136° 2 = 68° (Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°) (i) ZFGH SOLUTION: Required to calculate: ZFGH Calculation: OHE and OFE =90° (The angle made by a tangent to a circle and a radius, at the point of contact, is a right angle). FOI = 360° = (90° +90° +44°) =136° (The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral = 360°) GH =1(136°) = 68° (The angle subtended by a chord at the center of a circle, in this case FOH, is twice the angle that the chord subtends at the circumference, standing on the same arc). 2) *. FGH = 68° Alternative Method: Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 40.0149év) FAS-PASS Maths FGH FE = 68° (The angle made by the tangent to a circle and a chord, at the point of contact is equal to the angle in the alternate segment). JHE SOLUTION: Required to calculate: ZJHE Calculation: =90° (The angle made by a tangent to a circle and a radius, at the point of contact, is a right angle). LIGH SOLUTION: Required to calculate: ZJGH Calculation: Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pot taoFAS-PASS Maths JGH =90° (Angle in a semi-circle is a right angle.) (b) The diagram below, not drawn to scale, shows two ships, R and S at anchor on a lake of calm water, FT'is a vertical tower. FSR is a straight line and RS = 150m. The angles of elevation of 7, the top of a tower, from R and S, are 22° and 40° respectively. F is the foot of the tower. a lo F Ss 150m R Calculate, giving your answer to 1 decimal place where appropriate () the measure of ZRTS SOLUTION: Data: Diagram showing two ships, R and S at anchor on a lake of calm. water. Fis a vertical tower. FSR is a straight line and RS = 150m. The angles of elevation of T, the top of a tower, from R and S, are 22° and 40° respectively. F is the foot of the tower. Required to calculate: ZRTS Calculation: Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 420149FAS-PASS Maths Tr. = 180°—(90° + 40°) 50° (Sum of the angles in a triangle is equal to 180°) TSR =180°—40° (Angle in a straight line = 180°) 140° RES = 180° -(140° + 22°) =18° (Sum of the angles in a triangle is equal to 180°) (i) The length of ST SOLUTION: Required to calculate: ST Calculation: Applying the sine rule to triangle TSR. r s om R ing the sine rule ST__ 150 sin22° sin 18° ._ 150xsin22° = 181.8 m (correct to I decimal place) Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com P93 0149FAS-PASS Maths (iii) The height of the tower, FT. SOLUTION: Required To calculate: FT Calculation: a 181.83 m TF ~ = sin40° 181.83 TF =181,83xsin40° = 116.87 m =116.9 m (correct to 1 decimal place) Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 4a ot49FAS-PASS Maths VECTORS AND MATRICES / 2) 11.(a) The position vectors of points 4, B and C, relative tothe origin O, are OA=| 5 | 2) (6) 10) , OB and OC respectively. W 4) x) (i) Express in the form | ~ | the vectors y} . 4B SOLUTION: Data: The position vectors of points 4, B and C, relative to the 2) 6 10) origin O, are OA=|_° |, OB and OC | respectively. \-2) Y \4) ; = (x) Required to express: 4B in the form | * | Ww Solution: AB=AO+OB {3)0) \ (4 (x is of the form | “|, where x=4 and y 3 v) Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. wwe faspassmaths.com P945 0149FAS-PASS Maths + AC SOLUTION: | = (x) Required to express: AC in terms of | J} YW, Solution: AC=40+0C ie (10 --{ 7)4 (2) "(4 (8) 8). x) is of the form | * |, where x=8 and y=6 \6} y) (ii) Hence, determine whether 4, B and C are collinear, giving the reasons for your answer. SOLUTION: Required to determine: Whether 4, B and C are collinear Solution: 1G B AC is a scalar multiple (= 2) of AB. Hence, AC is parallel to AB. Aisa common point. Hence, A and B both lie on AC and A, B and C are collinear. (3 (b) Determine the value of x for which the matrix | 5 ; ] is singular. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com P9 46 0149FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: Required to determine: The value of x for which ( 3 x) is a singular matrix 4) Solution: x= 5) (©) Nand Pare 2x2 matrices such that N | ly () Determine NP. SOLUTION: 41) 1 5) Data: N and P are 2x2 matrices such that N and P= 2) (21 Required to determine: NP Solution: fe 1) (¥ 5) (ey ee NP= x = (32) 42 1) len en 2x2 x 2x2 = 2x2 = (4x1)+(1x2)=442=6 e, = (4x5) +(Ix1) e,, = (3x1) +(2x2)=344=7 €, = (3x5) +(2x1)=15+2=17 6 21) P= | (7 17) ae 19 11) (i) Given that PN |, determine whether matrix multiplication is u 4} commutative. Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com P97 of49(iv) FAS-PASS Maths SOLUTION: 19 11) Data: PN | 4) Required to determine: Whether matrix multiplication is commutative Solution: 11) If PN ( 4 | and for the previous part, it was found that 4) 6 21) y commutative (except in the case of the inverse, and where AA" = AA). Determine N~, the inverse of N, SOLUTION: Required to determine: N~ Solution: (4 3) N= (3 2 det N = (4%2)—(1x3) =8-3 5 Af 2-(1)) sl 4] 2 5 3 3 (4 1\x)_0 Hence, calculate the values of x and y for which GB abo) SOLUTION: owe (s 3)G)-G) Required to caleulate: x and y Calculation: Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 48.0149FAS-PASS Maths (4 IQ (:) By) 2) Multiply by N~" 2 1) 1) 55 \(4 3 4 35 Equate corresponding entries. cx=0 and y=1 Copyright © 2019, Some Rights Reserved. ww faspassmaths.com Pg 49.0149