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Course no: ECE 3115

Data Communication

Dr. Md. Foisal Hossain

Professor,
ECE, KUET

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
Where the Data is Originated System
Example: Computer, Peripheral, Communication equipment, Cell phone,
PDA etc
Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
Converts Data into a suitable System
form for tranmission through
the medium
Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Medium through which signal is sent

Example: pair of wire, twisted pair, optical fiber,
Source
May be LAN, WAN Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Transmission
media
Guided Unguided
Source
(wired) Transmitter(wireless)

Communication
Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable and
Air System
Fiber optic

Destination Receiver
Broadcast Radio, Terrsetrial Microwave, Satellite
Microwave, Infrared communication

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver Which Receives the signal and

Converts it into Data or Message

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Where the data is sent

Destination Receiver
Example: Computer, peripheral, Communication equipment,
cell phone, PDA etc

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Data
d(t)
Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Data
d(t)
Source Transmitter
Data is an entity that conveys some meaning based on some mutually agreed
up rules/conventions between a sender and a receiver. Communication
System
Simply Data or Message is the information to be communicated

DataDestination
Types Receiver
o Data can be Analog or Digital in nature

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Signal
s(t)
Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Signal
s(t)
Source Transmitter
It is electric, electromagnetic or optical representation of data, which can be
sent over a communication media. Communication
System
 s(t)- signal that can be transmitted through a medium

Signal Types
Destination Receiver
oAnalog and Digital

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 What is a Signal?

 Anything which carries information is a signal. e.g. human voice,

chirping of birds, smoke signals, gestures (sign language),
fragrances of the flowers.
 Many of our body functions are regulated by chemical signals, blind
people use sense of touch. Bees communicate by their dancing
pattern.
 Modern high speed signals are: voltage changer in a telephone wire,
the electromagnetic field emanating from a transmitting antenna,
variation of light intensity in an optical fiber.
 A real (or complex) valued function of one or more real variable(s).

*** We are all immersed in a sea of signals. All of us from the smallest living unit, a cell, to the
most complex living organism (humans), receive signals all the time and continue to process
them. Survival of any living organism depends upon its ability to process the signals
appropriately.

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 Types of signals

 Natural, Synthetic
 1D, 2D, MD
o Depending on no. of variables
 Continuous (Analog?) and Discrete

Continuous
time
Analog Quantization (limited no. of bits)
Signal
Discrete A/D
Digital signal
time Binary

*** All analog signals are not the continuous time, but all continuous time signals are analog.
When time is discretized but not the independent variable then the signal still remains analog.

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 Conversion of Data

 Data has to be converted into signal to transmit through the

transmission media.
 Different conversion techniques are
Data Signal Approach
Digital Digital Encoding
Analog Digital Encoding
Analog Analog Modulation
Digital Analog Modulation

 What type of signal we should use depends on the situation,

available bandwidth and nature of transmission media

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 Conversion of Data

 Data has to be converted into signal to transmit through the

transmission media.
 Different conversion techniques are
Data Signal Approach
Digital Digital Encoding
Analog Digital Encoding
Line Coding
Analog Analog Modulation
Digital Analog Modulation
Polar Unipolar Bipolar
 What type of signal we should use depends on the situation,
available
NRZ, RZ, bandwidth
Manchester, and
Differential nature of transmission
Manchester media
AMI, B8ZS, HDB3

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 Conversion of Data

 Data has to be converted into signal to transmit through the

transmission media.
 Different conversion techniques are
Data Signal Approach
Digital Digital Encoding
Analog Digital Encoding
Analog Analog
Two Modulation
Digital approaches
Analog Modulation

 What typePCMof signal we should use depends DM on the situation,

available bandwidth and nature of transmission media

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 Conversion of Data

 Data has to be converted into signal to transmit through the

transmission media.
 Different conversion techniques are
Data Signal Approach
Digital Digital Encoding
AM, FM, PM
Analog Digital Encoding
Analog Analog Modulation
Digital Analog Modulation

 What type of signal we should use depends on the situation,

available bandwidth and nature of transmission media

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 Conversion of Data

 Data has to be converted into signal to transmit through the

transmission media.
 Different conversion techniques are
Data Signal Approach
Digital Digital Encoding
Analog Digital Encoding
ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM
Analog Analog Modulation
Digital Analog Modulation

 What type of signal we should use depends on the situation,

available bandwidth and nature of transmission media

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter
When bandwidth of
the medium is high
then several signal Communication
can be transmitted System
simultaneously

Destination Receiver

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Signal
s1(t), s2(t),….
Source Transmitter
When bandwidth of
the medium is high
then several signal Communication
can be transmitted System
simultaneously

Destination Receiver

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 Multiplexing

Techniques used to simultaneous transmission of several data is called

Multiplexing
Source Transmitter
When bandwidth of
Three different form
the of multiplexing
medium is high
oFrequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
then several signal Communication
can be
oWavelength Division transmitted
Multiplexing (WDM) and System
simultaneously
oTime Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Destination
•Synchronous Time DivisionReceiver
Multiplexing
•Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

Signal
s’(t)

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver
Signal received through the medium Signal
s’(t)

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 A Simple Data Communication Model
Interfacing

Data Signal
d(t) s(t)
Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

Data Signal
d’(t) s’(t)

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 A Simple Data Communication Model

Source Transmitter

Communication
System

Destination Receiver

Data
d’(t)

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 Error Detection and Correction

Source Transmitter If NO then error ocurred

Received and error detection and
Data d’(t) and correction required
send Data Communication
d(t) are System
same?
Destination Receiver

Data
d’(t)

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 Error Detection and Correction

Types of error
oSingle bit error
oBurst
Sourceerror Transmitter If NO then error
Is received ocurred
Error detection technique
oParity check
Data d’(t) and Communication
oTwo dimensional parity checksend Data System
oChecksum d(t) same
oCyclic redundancy check
Destination Receiver
Error correcting codes
Data
d’(t)

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 Flow and Error control

Flow control techniques

oStop-and-wait flow control
oSliding-window
Source flow controlTransmitter If NO then error
Is received ocurred
Backward error correction approach
oStop-and-wait ARQ
Data d’(t) and Communication
oGo-back-N ARQ send Data System
oSlective repeat ARQ d(t) same

Destination Receiver

Data
d’(t)

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 Data Link Control

Key component of Data Link Control

oFrame synchronization
oFlow
Source control Transmitter If NO then error
oError control
Is received ocurred
oLink management
Data d’(t) and Communication
send Data
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) System
oTypes of stations d(t) same
oData Transfer modes
oFrame format
Destination Receiver

Data
d’(t)

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 Learning Outcomes:

After completing the course students

will be able to:
• -Understand, define and explain data
communication system.
• -Detect and correct error in
communication system.

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 LO

• - Perform link level analysis which

includes understand, describe and
design the features of flow control and
error control system.
• -Understand the conflicting issues and
resolution techniques in data
transmission.
• -Understand, explain and use different
multiplexing methods in
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communication system. 33
 LO

• -Learn and use telephone networks for

data transmission.

• -Understand the functionalities,

concepts, standards and technologies
involved with voice and data network
services and voice/data integration

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 LO

• -Explain different switching

techniques used in communication
their deployments in public networks.

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 Conclusion

In this lecture we discussed about simple data communication model and
different parameters associated with it.
Source Transmitter If NO then error
Is received ocurred
Data d’(t) and Communication
send Data System
d(t) same

Destination Receiver

Data
d’(t)

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