THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Three estates of French society during 18th century a Second Estate Social Hierarchy ‘Empty treasury due to etravagent fe styleot bourban kings Conditon of French society on the eve af French revolatian Prolonged war debt andenst to support of Arverican war of Independance Privileges onthe basis of iret rentCauses of French Revolution Social cause Political cause Economic cause 11. Social division 1. Weak Rulers 41. Empty Treasury| 2. Birth privileges 2. poor policies 2. War Debt of Louis XVI 3. Bad Harvest Immediate cause Role of Philosophers in Taves in 1789. 2 insistence of Lauis 1. Proposal af increase 1.igni 2. Talked against Birth right 3. Presented a model of Vion Estate- wise administration based on Voting in state General Tiber ited people mind ty. equality and fraternity Events of French revolution : fn th may 1789 Louie rales Members othr en Menberot toga the sae demandes my is tt mectngot |p) een wi wenne =] cpeaerand [P| cutofthe Estates instead of Estate of Third Estate assembly canes “wie vt, sre impose new ” "at on 2th une 1789 ey op one Meanie bad clamor temscout ‘neers rsa the inthe pound oF aaerentne | gem | unto | ga) enter sn es at nd fonotng tet trees oN esroyed the” Bread at many Assembly. They demanded lestroved th places in Paris. aa fat of etile wocaral te see etn,On 14th July 1789 the agitated crowd stormed the Fort of Bastille, a symbol of tyrannyofoldregime, anddestroyed it. |. Thistriggered the chainofrevoltacross the country. Il. Faced with power of revolting subjects, Louis XVI accorded recognition to ‘the National assembly and agreed to give uphis power, Il, On 4th August 1789 all the feudal system of obligation and taxes were abolished by a decree. IV. Churches’ properties were confiscated and clergy too had to give up all the privileges. \. The National Assembly drafted the constitution in 1791 and distributed the power in- legislature, executive and judiciary along with one person one vote principle. However voting wasrestricted to Active citizen only Pay taxes equal to atleast 3 days Active ‘of alabour's wage citizen Remaining men and women were classed as passive citizen who did not have any political right. Political clubs became a rallying point for the discussions on governmental policies in which Jacobin club emerged as the most favouriteThe members of lacobin club mainly belonged to the less prosperous sections of the society like- small shopkeepers, artisans, such as shoe maker, watch makers, painters, aswell as servants and daily wage workers Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre and they were called sans-culottes meaning withoutknee breeches. On 10th August 1792 Jacobins planned an insurrection and imprisoned the royal family. On 21st September 1792 it declared France a Republic, Louis XVI was sentenced to death on charge of ‘Treason’ and was publicelly executed on 21st January 1793. ‘The Jacobin leader Robespierre ruled ruthlessly from 1793 to 1794 andhis reign ‘was known as "Reign of Terror”. In July 1794 Robespierre was convicted of excessivism and executed on Guillotine. The fall of Jacobin allowed the wealthier middle class to seize the power and ruled through an Executive, made up of five members, called DIRECTORY from 26th October 1795, However the frequent clash of directors with legislative council led to political instability. This paved the way for the rise of military dictatorship under Napoleon Bonaparte who ended directory in 1799.and became the ‘First Counciland later crowned himself as—The Emperor of France in 1804. Napoleon was defeatedin the battle of Waterloo in 1815. ‘The legacy of freedom, equality and fraternity that emerged out of French revolution remained the inspiringideals of the following world, Slavery wasfinally abolished in 1848 rom all the colonies of France. Women fought their own way taget right to vote in 1946 inFrance.3/5 MARKS QUESTION (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10} What was condition of France when Louis XVI ascended the thrane? Explain- ‘Third Estate’. What laws were passed by National Assembly in France on 4th august 1789? Describe the condition of women in 18th century French society? Does French revolutionchange anyof it? Describe therise of Jacobin club in France? What legacy was left behind by the French revolution for the world? Explain the rise of Napoleon? What was subsistence crisis in France? How it triggered the French Revolution? Which rights were described as the “Natural and inalienable” by the French constitution of 1791? “French Revolution didn’t fulfil the aspiration of all the sections of society.” Explain your answer with suitable argument.