PEOPLE AS RESOURCE Human Resource (Workable Population) Population as an asset for the economy rather than a liability. + Population becomes human capital when there is investment made in the form of education, training and medical care, Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in them, Human capital is in one way superior to other resources like land and physical capital: they can not become useful on its own. + Humanbeings perform many activities which can be grouped inta Economic and Non-Economic, Economic Activities Economic activities refer Non-economie activities to those activities of man/woman are ones that are not which are undertaken for undertaken for any ‘monetary gain to satisfy monetary gain, hisfher needs. ve The activites of workers, These are also called unpaid farmers, shopkeepers, activities, e.g., Puja in one’s manufacturers, doctors, own home, housekeeping, lawyers, taxi drivers, ete, helping the poor fall under this category. etc.Economic activities can be of two types: (a) Market Activities and (b) Non- Market Activities \ Market activities are performed for remuneration l.e pay or profit. Eg, Agriculture activities for selling crap produced I. Non-market activities are the activities carried out for self- consumption or production of fixed assets. Eg. Kitchen garden Human Capital: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when itis provided with better education, training and health care facilities. Human Capital Formation: When the existing human resource is further developed by spending on making the workforce more educated and healthy, itis called human capital formation People as aresource is away of referringto acountry’s workforce in terms of theirexisting skillsand abilities, The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy andskills formation acquired by the people of the country. Education is the most important component of human resource development because- |. It helps individual to make better use of economic opportunities available before him I It contributes towards the growth of society and also enhances the natignal income, cultural richness and efficiency of governance. Ill Measures like Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Mid Day Meal scheme (MoM) and Right to Education Act (RTE) have been introduced to push education at the farthest end. Health is another very important component of human resource development. Efficiency of workers largely depends on their health. Ifa person is healthy he would give his maximum output in his working hour resulting growth of economy. Japan is acountry which lacks natural resources but due to its investment on human resource in the field of education and health it is one of the top developed countries. Due to historical and cultural reason there wasa d menand women which is now.on the verge of change. Literacy rate is the percentage of of population of an area at a particular timeaged seven years orabave who can read and write with understanding. ion of labour betweenLife expectancyis the average periad that a person may expect to live. Birth rates the number of live babies born per 1000 of population during a year. Death rate or mortality rate is the number of people die per 1000 of population during year. infant mortality rate is the number of deaths per 1000 live births of children underone yearage. Sector of Indian Eoonomy Le on | Primary Sector Secandary Sector [ Tertiary Sector Itincludes those Itisalso-called Itincludes these activities whieh service sector as activities which are extracts its raw it provides the directly related to material from service to the the extraction primary sector and above two of natural modify them into sectors and resources. ather useful help them products to flourish For example: agriculture, For example: forestry, sugar from For example: animal sugarcane, eg, banking, husbandry, ‘4 manufacturing transportation, fishing, poultry, steel from communication farming raw iron, ete etc. and miningUnemployment. Unemploymentis said to exist when people whoarewillingto work at the prevailing ‘wage rates cannot find jabs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed Seasonal unemployment Disguised unemployment Urban unemployment Itoccurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during off-season). Farm labourers usually face this kind of problem. Itrefers toa situation where in the number of workers in a job is more than actually required ta do the job. The ‘extra number of workersis disguisedly unemployed. Thisalso can be seen in agricultural workforce where more than required umber (say 8 people} af a family members is involved in work that could be done by ‘three (3) people only, Means those 5 people are disguisedly unemployed as their presence or absence does not matter. It eceurs when the educated person do not get employment according to its educational level ‘or has to work below it. Eg. People having higher degree of educational qualification do not have work todeora computer engineering degree holder is working as data entry operator ina firm.Impacts of Unemployment Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are anasset for the economyturn into a liability. There isa feeling of hopelessnessand despair among the youth. Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. Unemployment has detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy. 1 Mark Questions Sy ew N 10, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is started for which age group? ‘Who are educatedunemployed? Listany two activities associated with primary sector. In which resource Japan has invested much? Name two factors on which the quality of population depends. What steps have been taken by the state and local self- government to ‘ensure compulsory primary education? What step is taken to increase theadmission intake in Primary education? Whatis G.N.P stand for? Whats theaim of Mid - Day Mealscheme in schools? What are non-market activities?en aw 10. 1. 12. 13. 14. 15. What is the meaning of Human capital formation? What are the aims of National policy on Employment? Distinguish between market and non- market activities. Who are said to be unemployed? Explain different types of unemployment with suitable example. Why are domestic services of house-women not treated as economic activities? Why is human resource the most important resource? What steps can be taken to improve the quality of human resource? How does unemployment have a detrimental impact on the overall growth ofan economy? “Unemployment is an economic as well as a social evil.” Explain the statement. ‘Suggest five steps to eradicate unemployment from the society? How human capital is superior to other resources? Explain. How the employability in any sector indicates the economic growth of country? 3/5 Mark Questions 1. 2. 3. How Primary sector is different from secondary sector? How education helpsin the formation of Human Capital? Does health also affect in the formation of human capital like education? Explain, Write a short note on Sarva Siksha Abhiyan?