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    Document - Onl Introducao A Eletrodinamica 3ed Griffiths Respostas Ingles

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    José Leal

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    INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS MANUAL INTRODUCTION to ELECTRODYNAMICS Third Edition David J. Griffiths Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 ‘Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Vector Analysis Electrostatics Special Techniques Electrostatic Fields in Matter Magnetostatics Magnetostatic Fields in Matter Electrodynamics Conservation Laws Electromagnetic Waves Potentials and Fields Radiation Electrodynamics and Relativity 73 89) 113 125 Chapter 1 Vector Analysis Problem 1.1 (2) From the diagram, |B + C|cos6 = [B| cos + |C}cosd,. Multiply by |A\. AIIB + C]cosés = |Al|B| cos: + |Al|C] cos 6, Clsines So: A(B+C) = A-B+A.C. (Dot product is distributive.) Similarly: |B + C|sin y = [B|sin 0) + {C|sin@,. Mulitply by |Al a. JAIIB + C|sin dy 8 = [Al)B| sin, f+ [Al|C|sin & 8 (Bisine, If fis the unit vector pointing out of the page, it follows that, Ax(B +) = (AxB) +(AXC). (Cross product is distributive.) (Bicone (Clomes (b) For the general case, see G. E. Hay’s Vector and Tensor Analysis, Chapter 1, Section 7 (dot product) and Section 8 (cross product). Problem 1.2 The triple cross-produet is not in general associative, For example, i suppose A = B and C is perpendicular to A, as in the diagram. Then (BXC) points out-of-the-page, and Ax(BxC) points down, A=B and has magnitude ABC. But (AXB) = 0, so (AxB)xC = 04 Ax(BxC), BxC jAax(BxC) Problem 13 = A=+1R+19- 18; A= V3; B=1k+19 +14; B= V3. AB = 4141-121 = AB cosd = V3VEc080 = con® =} Jy [6 = cos"! (}) = 70.524 K Problem 14 ‘The eross-produet of any two vectors in the plane will give a vector perpendicular to the plane. For example, wwe might pick the base (A) and the left side (B). A 18429 +08; B=-12409-+38. 2 CHAPTER !, VECTOR ANALYSIS This has the right direction, but the wrong magnitude, ‘To make a unit vector out of it; simply divide by its length: |AxB) = VBFOF4 = 7, Problem 15 & 5 2 | Ax(BxC) = | A: Ay As | | (ByC.-B.C,) (BsCe-BeC,) (BeC, ~ B,C.) | = 8[Ay(BeCy ~ ByCx) ~ As(BsCz - BeCz)] +90) + 81) (I just check the x-component; the others go the same way.) = 8(4yBzC, — AyByCz ~ A:B,C, + ArBzC.) + 9() +2). B(A-C) - C(A-B) = [Bz(AzCz + AyCy + AsC.) ~ Cz(ArBe + AyBy + ArB.)|+ (H+ ()% (AyBsCy + A,ByCz ~ AyByCz ~ AzB,Ce) +9() +2(). They agree. Problem 1.6 Ax(BXC)4Bx(CxA)+Cx(AXB) = B(A-C)~C(A-B)+C(A-B)-A(C-B)+A(B-C)-B(C-A) = 0 §0: Ax(BXC) ~ (AxB)xC = ~Bx(CxA) = A(B-C) ~ C(A-B) If this is zero, then either A is parallel to C (including the case in which they point in opposite directions, or one is zero), or else B-C = B+A = 0, in which case B is perpendicular to A and C (including the case B = 0). Conclusion: [Ax(BXC) = (AXB)xC <= either A is parallel to C, or B is perpendicular to A and C.] Problem 1.7 a= (48465482) ~ (28489478) = [DR-2H 42 =vivtri =[3] Problem 18 (a) A,B, + ALB, = (cos dy + sin pA,)(cos pBy + sin dB.) + (~sin dA, + cos dA,)(— sin 6B, + cos 6B:) = cos? GAyBy + sin dcos (A,B, + AzB,) + sin? GA,Bz + sin? 34,By — sindcos¢(AyBs + AzBy) + cos GA Bs cos? } + sin? 4)A,B, + (sin? d+ cos? @)AsBs = AyBy + Axe. ¥ (b) He)? + (Gy)? + Ay? = DAA = Dh, (Bhar RisAj) (Bhar Rade) = Dje (DiRy Rie) Aye. ‘This equals A2 + A? + A? provided] DL, Ry Rix ={ A y jst } Moreover, if R is to preserve lengths for all vectors A, then this condition is not only sufficient but also necessary. For suppose A = (1,0,0). Then Bx (Bi Ri Ria) Aye = Bi Ra Rey and this must equa 1 (since we want A, +4/-+A: = 1), Likewise, DL, RigRia = EL, Rig Rea = 1. To check the case j £ k, choose A = (1,1,0). Then we want 2= Zjx (Bi Raju) As = Di Ria + Es Rahs +E; Raa + ¥; RigRa- But we already know that the first two sums are both 1; the third and fourth are equal, so Di Ry: Ry = Ej Ri2Ra = 0, and so on for other tiequal combinations of jv In matrix notation: AR — 1, where iis the transpose of R. 3 Problem 1.9 y | y 2 Looking down the asi: R 2, aw ‘A 120° rotation carries the z axis into the y (= 2) axis, y into z (=), and 2 into z (= 7). So Ae = By= dn A= 4, ool R=(100 o10 Problem 1.10 (a) (No change. | (A, = Ae, Ay = Ay, Ae = As) (b) [A 9 =A, ]in the sense (A, = ~Ay, Ay = As) (6) (AxB) —> (~A)x(—B) = (AB), That is, if C = AxB, [E—)C] No minus sign, in contrast to behavior of an “ordinary” vector, as given by (b). If A and B are pseudovectors, then (A xB) + (A)x(B) = (Ax:B). So the cross-product of two pscudovectors is again a pseudovector. In the cross-product of a vector and a pscudovector, one changes sign, the other doesn’t, and therefore the cross-product is itself a vector. Angular momentum (L = tXp) and torque (N = rxF) are pseudovectors. (@) ABxC) S (-A)((-B)x(-C)) = ~A(BXC), So, fa = A-(BXC), then [a —> may] pecudoscalar changes sign under inversion of coordinates. Problem 111 VS = 2x4 By Ft 4re yy Ar VS = Qayrat + 3a2y?2t G4 srtyte a (OVS = eFsinyln2% + eFcosylnz +e siny(I/2) Problem 112 (a) VA = 10,(2y - 62 — 18) & + (22 ~ 8y +28)9]. VA = O at summit, co 2y — 62 =I 2 . m+ be Day + 84 Jays Dy +84 =0. 22y = 66 —p y= 35 22-4 2B= 092 ‘Top is [3 miles north, 2 miles west, of South Hadley (b) Potting in 2 = -2, f= 10(-12 ~ 12-36 + 36 +84 + 12) (@) Putting in 2 = 1, y = 1: Vh= 10[(2~6~ 18) + (2-8 + 28) 9] = 10(-22% + 224) = 220(-% +9). [Val = 22073 = [311 f/mile} direction: [northwest] 4 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.38 a= (2-284 -V)FHE- () Ver (b) VQ) @~2P FU vF ey. Rle-2'P + y-vP + e- eed GIF EO (a — a2!) + Ay —y')F+2%z-2')B= 2a, Sle-2) +y-v)P + (e-zyyrtxs Zo-by+ Borde 40-¥afe - 2") - 1-F yy) 9 - 07H - V8 = OMe 2) 8+ Y—Y)FeE- =a] (©) Ber) =n = nh d2e,) = Probiem Lid ++y cos += sing; multiply by sing: Jsing = +y sin écosd + sin®¢. =y sing +2 cos; multiply by cos: Fe0sd = ~y sin gcos $+ z cos". Add: Gsing + Zeos 9 = z(sin? $ + cos? g) = 2. Likewise, Fos — Fsin = y. So Boot 2 —sin gs §} = sind; 35 = cos. Therefore wa,-% + HG = +c0s6(V iv + sin OV A)« \ 5. yr trangforms as a ve we Pe he HEE gona somes, { 90.0 tansin ctor. qed Problem 1.16 ()V-va = gel a) + B(Gas") + P(-2es) 2240-22 =0. WV = Lev) + Seve) + RGze) = y+ 22432, (OV-ve = lv?) + B(Cav + 2) + Lvs) = 0+ (22) + (Cv) = Ae +0). Problem 1.16 Vv Pat R SHEE Py? ea Neg [vle? ty? +2) H ag (ale? tv? + 2)-A] + 2t-8/2)0- Hae 4 OF 4 -3/2)0- day" # + 2(-3/2)()H2e = Br“8(a7 +g? + 22) = 3-8 Br ‘This conclusion is surprising, because, from the cae this vector field is obviously diverging away from the origin. How, then, can V-v = 0? The answer is that V-v = D everywhere except at the origin, but at the origin our esleulation is no good, since r = 0, and the expression for v blows up. Ia fact, V-v is infinite at that one point, and zero elsewhere, as we shall seein Sect, 1.5, Problem 117 B= cosdey Hsing vs; Be = ~sindyy +cos$us. = Be cosh + By sind = (98 + FEB) cond + (HSE + BF) sind. Use result in Prob. 1.14 a coag-+ 3 sind) cos + ($4 0086+ 92 sind) sing — 53 sind + Opp cond = ~ (Se 8 + S$) sind + (S598 + GABE) cass ~ (- 3 sing + 3 cos) ae Be sing + B+ cos) 2 Bie + Be = Se cos? 6+ Gp sin cosh + By sin gcosd + BE sin? + Se sin! cos. So 6 $F sin peosg — 8 sin cos p+ 9 cos? 6 = Ge (cos? 6+ sin? ¢) + Bi (sin? g + 00s? g) = Problem 1.18 zy 2 Oy von=| & & & | =H (0~ Gee) + 9(0+22) + 0182? - 0) = [Hore 4 Dep 4 Hh 2? 3a27 222 gy 2 eo vx0-| & & & |=x0-2w) +5 0-32) +200 - x) = [yk 329-2, ity Que Sze RF @ ©@vx.=|£ & & | = R22 -22) +90 - 0) + 2(2y- 2) = [0] y? (2ey+27) Qyz Problem 1.10 v=y8+429; or v= yek+ 22 +298; oF v= (B2%2— 28) R439 + (2? — 322") B; oF v = (sin2)(coshy) &— (cos.2)(sinh y) $3 ete. Probient 1.20 ©) Vg) = Ya dy + Yoram (p54 off) a (198 +08) 9+ (188+ 996) 2 =S(BR+ HS + He) +0(Sx+Hs+ He) = KV) +10). aed &(AyBs ~ A,By) + & (AeBe ~ AgBz) + $ (AeBy ~ AyBs) 1 OB + BSA — A, Be — BO + A, OBe + Be Ope ~ Ay WB — Behe +An Sp + By Ge ~ Ay he — Be Ge = Ba (hp ~ St) + By (he ~ he) +B, (Fe — He) ~ As (Be Ay (8B ~ 9B) ~ A, (Be ~ OB) = B(VXA)—A(VXB). ged (0) Vx (FA) = (240) — Mh) + (Reed — Sipe) 9 + (Bigs — 2660) g = (s2ft + Ath — 1582 — A,B) + (74 + AGE $88 - ASL) 9 + (s9 + Ay Fe — AL) = 5 (4 - Bt) e+ (He - 9+ (Be - )a ~ [(Avik ~ A08h) 8 (4096 ~ AnBh) 9 + (4085 - 4n 88) 8] =L(VXA)SAX (VS). aed Problem 137 () (AV) B= (4598 + ApS + A.B) 8-4 (Age + Aye + AGP) 9 + (eSBs + Ay Be + As OB) 8 = sfiuf824, Let's just do the z component. #8 +0848) Ties 6 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANAL = 3 fe [eet ght tue [bay] +2 [> =hE-A (e+ ay? +22)}= Same goes for the other components. Henet (©) (ver¥) vo = (22 +302 — tae f.) (ayk + ByeH +3222) =a? (yR +09 + 328) + 3x2? (2¥4 22H +04) — 2x2 (OR 4 WH +302) = (vty + 8072?) + (622% 82) 84 Bz (G2? — 2y) 9 — BaPen Problem 122 (i) [V(AB)], = B(AeBe + A,By + A.B.) = eee + AED, + Aye 4 BB, + ALB lane Bin EXE 4B Ay (2B — 98a) ~ Ay (Be ~ Be) [Bx(VxA)], = By(28e ~ SA) ~ 2a) fhe Ath = Ay Ge Ay fe ~ eB + Ate + BO = Byte — DO + Be Ae bBe + y We ABB + Bef fe + Bike + Bip = pe ~ Se + 9h ) + A, (Ge - yp of) B,(— Ble +2 4 Ae) AO + Be 4 Oe) = vas B)], (same for y and z) (i) [Vx(AxB)], = 2(AXB), ~ 2(AxB), = £(AsB, ~ AyBz) ~ §(AzBz ~ AeBz) = Bee, Atk Se, — Aye Boy Ase 4 Bs + Ae [(B-V)A = (A-V)B + A(V-B) - B(V-A)]e Fhe + Bip s Bus Aalhe— Aalbe — Aethe s AalBe + 1B 4 An (— Ope 4 Of 4 Ba + OPs) + By (Mpa — Spe Sty — Ba) + Ay(~B5) + A.(-82) yet) =[Vx(AxB)), (same for y and 2) Problem 1.23 Visa) = RUN e+ Hsia + Hsia) sit s Sf ny HIE 9 4 HIE g fo (Yas BF + Be) — (Gee B+ Bes)] = A get VAla) = de(Aa/9)+ By(Ay/9) + Be(Aa/a) Sea Aedt oR CAGRE 4 Stated = epee OTR oli Adt = plo (He + ee Me) ~ (els + Aye +A QE)] = AAG, ged +8) ~ Be e+ Bhs + Me) 8 (Vx(A/gl, = Rao) =/0) — EG/o = Maa = alee 2) (1-4) = MPKAL SANTIS (same for y and z). ged Problem 124 a zy Bs by ~22 0 V(AXB) = (@) AXB= = 262) + 9(92y) + 2(-22" ~ 6y?) £ (6x2) + Z(G2y) + $(—2e? — Gy?) = 62 +92 40= 152 Vxa =% (£62) - £@y)) +9 (A) - £062) +2(£@)- £@) = VxB = & ($(0) - B(-22)) +9 ($(3u) - BO) +2 (¥(-22) ~ HGv)) = V-(AxB) 4 B-(VxA) — A(V xB) =0— (a= = (b) A-B = 32y — 4zy = —zy ; V(A-B) = BVxA) = 54; A(VXB) = -152 = V(-2y) = 8 (20) + 98-20) =v R29 ee Ax(VxB)=| 2 2y 32 (—10y) +.9(52); Bx(VxA) = ons (A-V)B = (2f +208 +328) (Gy 209) = X(6y) + 9(-22) B-v)A= (vk - 2a) (@R+ 2G + 328) = R(By) + 9(—42) Ax(VXxB) + Bx (Vx A) +(A-V)B + (BVA, = lyk +509 + 6yX~ 2x h + ByK— 42H = -yR—2¥ = V-(A-B). (©) Vx(AxB) = 8 ($(-22" ~ Gy") - $029) +9 (F622) = (-12y ~ 9) + 9(G2 + 42) + 4(0) = “21yR + 1029 He) + $(2u) + BGs) = 1424 (BV)A- i we paces =x Preble 5% = (e) Sh =2; FB = $% =0 = [VT =2. ws aa © &% ® ~ £(-22? - Gy) +8 (1) - $(622)) VA i) VB = (Gu) + H(-22) = B(V-A) = Sy X~ 429 — GyR + 2eF ~ 18yR+ 22H = -yR+ Ory = 9) = 9% --7, = [Ph zsinysine = 261. Be = -167, 1 3 = - 8 CHAPTER I, VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.26 Problem 1.37 2a oe 2) oxo =| g | Be by Be = 0, by equality of croae-derivatives. In Prob. 1,11(b), Vf = 22y224&-+ 3222249 + 42°42? 2, 50 z y 2 VX(VA=| ow 2ayszt Sztytzt 4zty*28 2 8(3- du y?28 — 4 BatyPe?) + 94 Deyte® — 2- day's?) + 6(2- Bays! — 3. 2ey?2t) = 0.0 Problem 1.28 (2) (0,0,0) > (1,0,0). 2:0-+ Ly == (1,0,0) — (1,1,0). 2 = 1,y:0-9 1,2 =05 (1,0) 9 (1,0). 2104 kdl = dzaiv Total: f-v-dl = (1/3) +0+1=[4/3. (b) (0,0,0) + (0,0,1). 02:01; (0,0,1) > (0,1,1).2=0,y:041,2= 1,1) G1). 220-41, Total: [vd = 041+ (1/3) (e) 2S y = 2:03 Ide = dy = dz;v-dl Sv-dl= ff 4x? dx = (40°/3))Q, (@) fv-al= (4/3) ~ (4/3) = (0) Problem 1.29 ay :0 + Lz = Oda = dedya;v-da = y(z? - 3)dedy = ~3ydedy;fv-da = ~3f2dz f2ydy = ~3(a8)(G18) = —32)@)_ = [12] In Ex. 1.7 we got 20, for the same boundary line (the square in the 2y- plane), so the answer is [n6:] the surface integral does not depend only on the boundary line. The total Aux for the cube is 20 + 12 Probiem 1.30 JT dr = J 24dedydz. You can do the integrals in any order—here itis simplest to save = for last: ff (e)a« | sothe z integral is {(0-*-" de 1 2)y- F/B? | = (Bb - Bh) +908 deX,v-dl= 22de; fv-dl= [2 2%de = («°/3))} = 1/3. = dy§iv dl = tyzdy = 0;fV-dl =0. paz = de, fved= fide =a 1 fv edd = 0. 2ydy; [v-dl = fy 2udy =v" = fiztdz = (x*/3))h = 1/3. ppv dh = ytd dl = dy 95v-dl = 2y2 dy Rvedl= 2? de; fv. dl a2 de + 2yz dy + y? dz = 22 de + 20 de +23 de = 42" de -y~2, For a given z, y ranges from 0 to (i-2? -(- 27/2) =~ 2)7/5 ‘The sloping surface is 2+y-+2 = 1-2, 80 the y integral is ff""(1—y~ 2) dy aya)- pa Finally, the z integral is ff 2°(}— 24 )de= M(B - 8+ 8) ar = (8-44 Hb = -+4 /60. Spite 1.31 T(b) =14+44+2=7; Tle) =0. > [T(b)—Ta)=7. = (On + 4y)R+ (de + 22°)9 + (6y2")85 VTodl = (26 + Ay)de + (A + 22 )dy + (6y2")de (@) Segment 1: 2: 0-41, y= 2= dy = de =0.[VT-al= fo(22)de = 2*[) = 1. Segment 2: y:0-1, 1. SVT adh = fi (4) dy 4p PVT =7.0 Segment 3: 2:01, . UT -dl = fo (622) dz = 225), (b) Segment 1: 2:01, eta Lids =0. Segment 2: y:0-+1, 2=0, 2 OSVTA = [(2)dy = 9h =2 | wong Segment 3: 2:01, y=z=1, dy=de=0.fUT«dl = fii2z+4) ae LTA a7 ¢ = (et +42), ; (2:01, yaa, 222%, dy =dede = dds. VIdl = (22 + dz)de + (Az + 22°)de + (G22")2zde = (102 + 142°)dx. SE VT dl = ff (102 + 142*)de = (52? + 227)|) Problem 1.32 Vv sy +224 32 u SiVevdr = fly +22 +32) de dy de = Jf {elu + 2e + 32) de} dy de > [ut 22)2 + $27]9 = 2y +22) +6 I{Ietu+ 42+ 6)dy} ae SS [+ e+ Ou] = 4 +2(42 +6) = 82 + 16 0 AR(Ge + 16)de = (42? + 162) [2 = 16+ 32 = [FE] Numbering the surfaces as in Fig. 1.29: dy dz. [veda = ffydyde = 2422 = 8. (i) da = dyde3,2 (ii) da = ~dy dz, 2 (iii) da Gv) da (v) da dzdrds. fueda = [fd4zdedz = 16. da = 0, veda = 0. veda = 62 de dy. fveda = 24. —dedya,z = (vi) da = veda = 0. fveda =0. = [veda =8+ 16424 = 48 ¥ Problem 1.33 Vxv = 8(0—2y) +9(0— 32) + 2(0—2) = -2y%- 329-28. dz, if we agree that the path integral shall.run counterclockwise, So (Vxv)-da = ~2y dy de. 10 CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Serxvjda = f{o-*(-2u)dy} de vp? = -(2-2) -Ra- fet 2)ds =~ (42 ~ 242) -(8-8+)=[4] By Corollary 1, 1 Oda should equal $. Vxv = (42? ~ 22) +223. 5 20 1, (Wxv)eda = (422 — 2)dyde; JV xv)eda = f(42? - 2)d2 4 ny 091. (Vxv)-da=0; f(Vxv)-da = 0. 1; 2,210 1. (Vxv)w 1s {CV xv)-da = 0. 82:04 1 (Wxvida =O; [(Vxv)-d 5 2,y 2091. (Vxv)-da = 2dedy; f(V xv)-da = 2. 2 [iV xvpda =} +2= 4.0 Problem 1.35 (s) Use the product rule Vx(fA) = (VA) ~ Ax (Wf): [t0rxay-aa= fvxcray da firs cwp)-dam f saas fin xcopy) da. ed. (used Stokes’ theorem in the last step.) (b) Use the product rule V-(A x B) = B-(VxA)—-A-(VxB): [B-Coxaydr= [ornare [aC xB)ar (L used the divergence theorem in the last step.) (Ax B)-dat [A (VxB)dr. ged. un Problem 1.36|/r= 24747; 0 Problem 1.37 - (==): @= tan" (2) ‘There are many ways to do this one—probably the most illuminating way is to work it out by trigonometry from Fig. 1.36. The most systematic approach is to study the expression: F=sk+y9 +20 =rsindcosp+rsindsin 9 +r cos0a. ET only vty slightly, then dr = 2(e)dr is a shor vetor pointing in the direction of increase in r. "To make it a unit vector, I must divide by its length. Thus: BE = sindcosdk + sinOsin dy + cosa; | 2} 95 = rcosd cos pk -+ r cosOsin gy — sind a; $ = -rsinsing + rsindcos99; || = sin? Ocos? g + sin? @ sin? $ + cos? @ = 1. 1 cos? 8 cos? $ +1? cos? Osin® g +r? sin? 6 = 7? gin? @sin® $ +r? sin? @cos? ¢ = r?sin? 4, F = sind cos ph + sinOsin 69 + cos03. 16 = 038 cos % + cosdsing 9 —sin#z. G =~ sings + cosy. Check: FF = sin? 6(cos? $ + sin® 4) + cos? @ = sin? @ + cos@ = 1, ¥ 6.6 = —cosdsing cos + cosBsingcosd =0, ¥ ete. sin f = sin? 9 cos + sin? sin 49 + sin cos 02. 0546 = cos? 8.05 6% + cos? Asin} 7 ~ sin8.cos0 2. Add these: (1) sind# +0050 = +cose2+ sings: @) in dR + cosd9 Multiply (1) by cos¢, (2) by sin g, and subtract: Multiply (1) by sing, (2) by cos, $= sind sin g# + cos@sin ¢6 + cosdd. cos8 = sin 8 cos 6 cos $% + sind cos6 sin PF + cos? 4a. sin 96 = sin 6 cos® cos + sind cos sin dy — sin? 82. Subtract these: —sing6. = 8 we CHAPTER 1. VECTOR ANALYSIS Problem 1.38 @) Ve = A Pr) S0Vovs)dr = f(4r)(0? sin 8 cdr ad dd) = (8) Jj Pdr Sy sin 848 f3rdH = (4) (HE) (2y(2m) =[ae RE Svreda = f(r?t)-(r? sin 8 a0 dg) = r4 J sin a8 [2 dp = 4 R4 / (Note: at surface of sphere r = R.) (0) Vove = bg (2) =0 = []lVevnar =0 Lveeda = [(4f) (r*sin8 d0

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