Complete English Learning

Materials

NAME : Muhammad Al Ali

CLASS : IX.1
SUBJECTS : English
TEACHER : Rusda Mulyati, S.Pd., M.Si.

SMP NEGERI 1 KAYUAGUNG

TAHUN AJARAN 2021/2022
 Pronouns

LIST OF CONTENTS:
-What are Pronouns
-Personal Pronouns
-Antecedents
-Relative Pronouns
-Difference between Who (Subject Pronouns) and Whom (Object Pronouns)
-Demonstrative Pronouns
-Indefinite Pronouns
-Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns
-Possessive Pronouns
-Interrogative Pronouns

What are Pronouns

Pronouns are small parts of nouns. Pronouns have special properties where
they can replace other nouns. So for example, when we talk about our brother
named Mahdi of course it will be very strange and boring if we keep repeating
the name “Mahdi” throughout our story. To learn nouns, please study the
types of nouns and their functions.

Mahdi has always loved photography.

Mahdi announced that Mahdi wants to go to design school.

We could mix it up by referring to the Mahdi with the word “my brother”, but
of course this sounds like we are referring to two different people.

Mahdi has always loved photography.

My brother announced that Mahdi wants to go to design school.

But it is even better if we use the pronouns she and her to refer to the Mahdi.

Mahdi has always loved photography.

He announced that he wants to go to design school.
Personal Pronouns
There are several kinds of pronouns, and some of them fall into the same
category. She and her are known as personal pronouns. Other personal
pronouns are I and me, you, he, and him, it, we and us, and they and them.

Antecedents
Multifunctional pronouns Pronoun it can refer to anything: a motorcycle, a
banan, a cat, an education. That's why we need antecedents. Antecedent is a
noun or noun phrase that we mention at the beginning of a sentence or story
which we later change with a pronoun. In the following sentences, the
antecedent “friends” and the pronoun that replaces it “them” are in bold.

My friends drives me crazy, but I love them.

The sign is too small for Saiful to notice it.
Zulfan said he is almost done with the paper.

Sometimes the antecedent does not need to be mentioned or clarified as long

as the context is clear. Usually the pronouns for I, me, and you clearly refer to
who is speaking.

We can also mention the pronoun before mentioning the antecedent, but it is
not recommended in long and complex sentences because it can make it
difficult for the reader to understand the meaning of the sentence.

I love them, but my friends drives me crazy.

Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns fall into another category in the pronoun family. Usually
used to connect relative clauses with independent clauses. Usually relative
pronouns provide additional information about something called in a sentence.
The relative pronouns we mean are, that, what, whic, who and whom. In short,
who refers to people while which and that refers to animals and things.

The man who came earlier didn't mention his name.

All the cats that got adopted will be well cared for.
My bicycle, which is nearly ten years old, still kicks on.
Regarding whether or not a comma is needed in the relative pronouns who,
which, and that, it really depends on whether the clause is restrictive or
nonrestrictive.

Difference between Who (Subject Pronouns) and Whom (Object Pronouns)

Thank God we have discussed relative pronouns. Now let's talk about
pronouns that often make you dizzy, who vs whom. Who is a subject pronoun
like I, he, she, and they. Whom is an object pronoun such as me, him, her, us
and them. When a pronoun is the object of a verb or the object of a
preposition, the form of the ojek is what we want. Many students have no
trouble understanding the object problem for personal pronouns because it
usually comes directly after a verb or preposition.

Please send it to I.

Please send it to me.

Ms. Saliha cuaght they playing phones in the class.

Ms. Saliha cuaght them playing phones in the class.

Is the drink for us?

Is the drink for us?

Whom is usually more complicated because it usually comes before the vern or
the preposition it describes.

Whom did you talk to just now?

A women, whom I have never met before, was inquiring about you.

Whom should I mention is speaking?

An easy way to tell whether we need who or whom is to replace the personal
pronoun. Try rearranging sentences by replacing relative pronouns with
appropriate personal pronouns.
Who/whom did you talk to just now? Did you talk to he/him just now?

A women, whom I have never met before, was inquiring about you.

Have you met he/him before?

Whom should I mention is speaking? Should I say she/her is speaking.

If the object pronoun (him or her) makes more sense then use whom. If the
object pronoun (he or she) makes more sense then use who.

Before we continue, there is one more place where subject pronouns and
object pronouns can get confusing. Try to find the problem in the following
sentence!

Rudi is meeting Laila and I this morning.

There are no hard feelings between you and I.

It doesn't bother him or I.

In each of the sentences above, the pronoun I should be me. If we delete the
name or pronoun above, the confusion will appear.

Rudi is meeting I this morning.

There are no hard feelings between you and I.
It doesn't bother I.

Demonstrative Pronouns
That, this, these and those are demonstrative pronouns. They replace the
previously mentioned nouns or noun phrases.

This is used for close singular objects. These is used for close plurals. The
distance can be physical or just metaphorical.

Here is a present with no name on it. Who could have given it?
What a fantastic suggestion! This is the best advice I've heard so far.
If you think this maggie tests good, you should try Indomie.
That is used for a single object that is far away. Those is used for distant
plurals. Again, the distance can be physically real or just a metaphor

An electric car like that would be a nice car to ride.

Some new flavors of that tea came in yesterday.
Why don't you eat some of those?
Those aren't cats, they're tigers.

Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are used when we refer to people or things that do not
need to be clearly stated. Indefinite pronouns that are commonly used are
one, other, none, some, anybody, everybody, and no ne.

Everybody was caught in the rain on the way to work.

It tastes good for some but not for others.
Nobody knows the man who came in earlier.

When an indefinite pronoun functions as the subject in a sentence, the verb is

in the singular form.

Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns ending in -self or -selves: myself, you self, himself, itself,
ourserlves.

Use reflexive pronouns when the subject and object of the verb refer to the
same person or thing.

Jarmawi blames himself for his poor hearing.

They bought themselves tickets.
I made sure myself nothing serious happens.

Intensive pronouns look similar to reflexive pronouns but serve a different

purpose. Intensive pronouns give emphasis.

I bought the car myself.

Did you yourself see Mahmuda break the glass?
“I bought this car.” and “I bought the car myself.” have the same meaning.
However, “myself” emphasizes that I bought the car – I didn't ask anyone for
help when I bought it. Likewise, “Did you yourself see Mahmuda break the
glass?” and “Did you see Mahmuda break the glass?” have the same meaning.
But the word "yourself" confirms the questioner whether you really saw
Mahmuda break the glass or you just heard from other people.

But over time people like to use myself where I should be because it sounds
cooler. You don't get stuck there. If you use the -self form of a pronoun, make
sure it matches one of the above.

Please call Rahmat or myself if you are not coming to the party.
Khadijah, Fauzan and myself are pleased to hear you arrive safely.

Possessive Pronouns
Posessive pronouns have two flavors: limiting and absolute. My, your, its, his,
her, our, their and whose are used to denote something belonging to an
antecedent.

Lusi is working on her journal paper.

Just put me back on my horse.
The presenters practiced their speech after work.

Absolute possessive pronouns are mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs. The
absolute form can be replaced with something belonging to the antecedent.

Are you finished with your writing?

Junaidi already finished his.
The blue jacket is mine.
I practiced my presentation and the participants practiced theirs.

Some possessive pronouns are sometimes easily confused with other word
forms that are quoted in quotation marks. But you just need to remember that
personal pronouns don't use apostrophes.

Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative pronouns are used in questions. Examples of interrogative
pronouns are who, what, which, and whose.
Who wants a bowl of chicken soup?
What is her name?
Which book do you want to buy?
Whose coat is this?