Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Racism is about the ideals that some people are inferior or superior to others
due to their exclusive and inborn biological traits which might be described by race.
Racism is not a new phenomenon, but in today’s current world which claims to be
enlightened in so many methods, it may come as a phenomenon that it nevertheless
exists and even thrives inside a few communities. At the same time, as many people
are glad to embrace variety and admire the variations between the ones of different
religions and beliefs, there are still many others who see those of other races as a
threat and the impact of this intolerance on our society could have a ways attaining
outcomes. As an end result there is a mind-set of bias, prejudice and intolerance
towards certain racial organizations which being dealt differently, socially and legally.

While there is considerable investment and effort devoted to attracting

international students, far less attention is paid to the experiences of international
students once they arrive at the host institution, this is why most international student
experiences of neo-racism and discrimination. In a recent study of a research
university in the south-western region of the United States, we uncovered many
disturbing examples of discrimination. In a recent study of a research university in
the south-western region of the United States, we uncovered many disturbing
examples of discrimination. Among the people interviewed, 24 students from 15
countries, it was found that most of the students from Asia, Africa, Latin America,
and the Middle East experienced at least some discrimination whereas none of the
students from Europe, Canada, or Australia experienced any discrimination and
were generally more satisfied with their decision to study in the United States.

Meanwhile, it is once said that the indigenous peoples and human rights
defenders have to be removed from a list of extra than six hundred individuals
purported to be affiliated with “terrorist agencies,” the United Nations (UN)
Committee at the removal of Racial Discrimination said in a decision on the
Philippines issued within the path of the Committee’s 95th session, held in Geneva.
The Committee, which monitors the implementation of the United Nation’s anti-
racism conference which the Philippines ratified in 1967, addressed what they

1
termed the dire scenario confronted by indigenous leaders and human rights
defenders engaged inside the combat against racial discrimination inside the United
States.

In Mindanao it was also expressed that the Muslim armed resistance against
the Philippine state, has deep historical roots. The Muslims, who prefer to be called
“Moro’s” rather than Filipinos, believed that they have never been part of the
Philippines and that their present struggle is a continuation of their ancestor’s war for
independence.

The intent of this study is to identify any affecting factors that racism gives to
the surrounding community, to understand other people’s belief without
discrimination and to elevate initiatives that can change people’s perspective about
degrading other people’s religion, ethnicity, culture, color and even their moral
standing. Similarly, to emphasize and gain idea and knowledge on how racism
interacts and affects social communities.

2
Review of Related Literature and Studies

Hoyt Jr. (2012) defines racism as “a particular form of prejudice defined by

preconceived erroneous beliefs about race and members of racial groups. Racism is
the belief that all members of a purported race possess characteristics, abilities, or
qualities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior
to another race or other races.

The American Psychological Association (2015) released information recently

stating that in 2013, members of racial and ethnic minority groups accounted for less
than a fifth of the psychology workforce. Norcross and Karpiak (2012) report that the
percentage of clinical psychologists who identify as part of a racial or ethnic minority
group is under 10%.

Bahls, (2011) cites that people who belong to racial and ethnic minorities
experience health disparities at a larger rate than those who do not belong to these
minority groups and that these disparities are linked to the social, economic and
environmental disadvantages that come along with being oppressed under a racist
system.

Australian Human Rights Commission (2017) Racism can be revealed

through people’s actions as well as their attitudes. It can also be reflected in systems
and institutions. But sometimes it may not be revealed at all. Not all racism is
obvious. For example, someone may look through a list of job applicants and decide
not to interview people with certain surnames.

Johnson, (2018) Health varies markedly by income within every racial group,
and racial or ethnic differences can be seen at each level of income. These patterns
are seen across a wide range of health conditions. At the same time, findings from
studies in the U.S. and other countries have found that perceived racial/ethnic bias
and the resulting toxic stress makes an additional contribution to racial or ethnic
disparities in health.

Frederick, (2018) Health inequities defined as disparities that are modifiable,

associated with social disadvantage, and considered ethically unfair are preventable
health problems that research has shown result from a toxic relationship between

3
how people live their lives and the socioeconomic and physical environments that
surround them.

Williams, (2019) Racism is considered a fundamental cause of adverse

health outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities and racial/ethnic inequities in health.
Scientific research on the multiple ways in which racism can affect health and
racial/ethnic inequities in health has experienced steady and sustained growth. The
patterning of racial/ethnic inequities in health was an early impetus for research on
racism and health.

Reach Out Australia (2019). Racist stereotypes can have a big impact on
other aspects of a person’s life. Certain races and cultures are the targets of
stereotypes that paint them as lazy, dirty or untrustworthy. This can have a pretty big
impact on things like their job or housing opportunities.

Trent, et al. (2019) Racism is a social determinant of healththat has a

profound impact on the health status of children, adolescents, emerging adults, and
their families. Although progress has been made toward racial equality and equity,
the evidence to support the continued negative impact of racism on health and well-
being through implicit and explicit biases, institutional structures, and interpersonal
relationships is clear.

McCarthy, (2019) Racism hurts children, in real and fundamental ways. It

hurts not just their health, but their chances for a good, successful life. Children
raised in African American, Hispanic, and American Indian populations are more
likely to live in homes with higher unemployment and lower incomes than white
children. This means that they are less likely to have good housing, good nutrition,
good access to health care, and access to good education. Such disparities increase
their risk of health problems and of receiving less, and lower-quality, education.

American Public Health Association (2019) Community violence is a

preventable public health issue and shaped by many factors, including racism.
Violence impacts our overall health and well-being and prevents communities from
realizing their full potential.

Tello, (2017) We now recognize that racism and discrimination are deeply
ingrained in the social, political, and economic structures of our society. For

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minorities, these differences result in unequal access to quality education, healthy
food, liveable wages, and affordable housing.  In the wake of multiple highly
publicized events, the Black Lives Matter movement has gained momentum, and
with it have come more strident calls to address this ingrained, or structural, racism,
as well as implicit bias.

The Conversation Media Group (2019) Negative social attitudes, such as

racism and discrimination, damage the health of those who are targeted by triggering
a cascade of aberrant biological responses, including abnormal gene activity.
Racism is not merely negative attitudes or treatment from one person to another.
Racism has deep historical roots in American society, sustained through institutional
policies and practices, whereby people of color are routinely and systematically
treated differently than whites. Similarly, racism can exert negative effects on the
self-concepts, health and well-being, and life trajectories of non-dominant racial
ethnic, youth and youth-serving providers. (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2018)

Wan, (2019) Exposure to racism in adults has been linked to an increased risk
of heart disease, depression and other ailments. Recent studies have found an
increased risk of depression, obesity and greater susceptibility to sickness among
children who are exposed to racism. Researchers have linked racism experienced by
children to worsened sleep, higher rates of doctor visits and lower self-esteem.

Andrew, et al. (2019) Racism, segregation, and inequality contribute to health

outcomes and drive health disparities across the life course, including for newborn
infants and their families. Racism, segregation, and inequality contribute to
disparities in health outcomes across the life course. This review addresses their
effects on the health and well-being of newborn infants and their families with a focus
on preterm birth. Explore three causal pathways that adversely and differentially
affect outcomes for newborn infants and their families: increased risk; lower-quality
care; and socioeconomic disadvantages that persist into infancy, childhood, and
beyond.

Stanley, et al. (2019) Racial discrimination is recognized as a key social

determinant of health and driver of racial/ethnic health inequities. Studies have
shown that people uncovered to racism have poorer health outcomes (especially for
intellectual health), along both decreased get right of entry to fitness care and poorer

5
affected person reports. Most of those researches have used go-sectional designs:
these prospective cohort studies (drawing on important methods to health studies)
have to provide significantly stronger causal evidence regarding the effect of racism
on next health and health care effects.

Williams & Mohammed (2013) Differential access to the social determinants

of health both create and maintains unjust and avoidable health inequities. In models
of health, racism is recognized as a key social determinant that underpins systemic
ethnic health and social inequities, as is evident in New Zealand and elsewhere.

Wilson, (2019) Racism is the belief or notion that race is the primary

determinant of human traits and capacities and that these racial differences result in
inherent superiority or inferiority. This is more detrimental than stereotyping, which is
an overgeneralized, oversimplified image, idea, belief, or judgment about a group
that is then applied uncritically as true to each individual in the group. Although race
is hard to define and often comes down to the “eye test,” this clumsy and unreliable
way of separating human beings into groups is a marker associated with health
outcomes, unequal treatment, and reflexive thinking. It is also an opportunity to hope
and work for change.

Anderson, (2017) The racial climate on campuses begins to factor into their
decision-making. The episodes correspond with what the Anti-Defamation League
identifies as an unprecedented increase in white supremacist activity on college
grounds that began in fall 2016. Since the start of this academic year, black college
students have been targeted in a rash of attacks. According to data provided by
American University, the percentage of black freshmen accepting AU’s offers of
admission increased from 33 percent last year to 38 percent this year, continuing an
upward trend for the third consecutive enrollment cycle.

Byrd, (2019) The impact of racism has been linked to birth disparities and
mental health problems in children and adolescents. The biological mechanism that
emerges from chronic stress leads to increased and prolonged levels of exposure to
stress hormones and oxidative stress at the cellular level. Not only does racism
impact the health of those who experience it directly, but it also has an impact
on those who witness it. There are experiences that shape parents also
resonate in their children’s lives.

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 Linkon, (2019) In “Class at the Intersections,” Kimberlé Crenshaw’s students
and she will dig into the complex and contested relationships between social class
and other categories of culture, identity, and inequality. Intersectional analysis
emphasizes that no one is just working-class, or female, or straight, or white.
Because the discrimination they faced was intersectional, they needed legal
recognition as women of color. To understand their perspectives, it is needed to
consider how they are also shaped by race, gender, and other social categories. She
coined the term 30 years ago as part of an argument that black women were not
protected by anti-discrimination laws that focused on race or gender. 

American Academy of Paediatrics (2019) Children can experience the effects

of racism from other individuals, as well as through the places they live and learn,
through limited access to resources and economic opportunity, and how their rights
are enforced or exercised. A growing body of research has found that racism harms
children’s mental and physical health.

Canadian Public Health Association (2018) Canada remains a nation where a

person’s color, religion, culture or ethnic origin are determinants of health that result
in inequities in social inclusion, economic outcomes, personal health, and access to
and quality of health and social services. These effects are especially evident for
racialized and Indigenous peoples as well as those at the lower end of the social
gradient and those who are incarcerated (populations that are also disproportionately
composed of racialized and Indigenous people). 

Thames, (2019) Racial discrimination is a different type of chronic stressor

than poverty. People navigate poverty on a day-to-day basis and are aware that it is
happening. They might even be able to address financial stressors through job
changes, changes in earnings and financial management. But with discrimination,
you don't always realize that it's happening.

Kowalski, (2016) Racism “is more than bullying,” Racism is a prejudice that

persists because significant swaths of society share this attitude, condone it or
refuse to challenge it. Racism did not start there nor end there. Racism is literally
part of the bone marrow of the nation. For centuries, people of color have had fewer
privileges in the United States.

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 Martin, (2017) Most people can acknowledge that discrimination has an
insidious effect on the lives of minorities, even when it's unintentional. Those effects
can include being passed over for jobs for which they are qualified or shut out of
housing they can afford. But discrimination can also lead to a less obvious result:
tangible, measurable negative effects on health. A survey was conducted and the
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health asked members of different ethnic and
racial groups about their experiences with discrimination. 92% of African-American
respondents said they felt discrimination against African-Americans exists in the
United States today, and at least half said they have experienced it themselves at
work or when interacting with police.

Bliuc, et al. (2019) Living in a networked world has many advantages. But
there is a darker side to the internet that sees far-right groups exploit these unique
features to spread divisive ideas, racial hate and mistrust. Scholars of racism refer to
this type of racist communication online as “cyber-racism”. Individuals mostly engage
in cyber-racism to hurt others, and to confirm their racist views by connecting with
like-minded people (seeking “confirmation bias”). Their preferred communication
channels tend to be blogs, forums, news commentary websites, gaming
environments and chat rooms. The internet is indeed a powerful tool used to
influence and reinforce divisive ideas.

Gold, (2019) A significant body of literature exists documenting the harmful

impact of racial discrimination on psychological, physical and mental health,
including increased risk of depression, anxiety, cardiovascular problems, problems
with physical well-being, and substance use.

Struyk, (2017) Racial disparities in the criminal justice system have been in
the news for the last several years following a series of high-profile instances of
black Americans killed by police. In the midst of several of these police shootings in
2015, showed that a broad three in four blacks 76% believed the country's criminal
justice system favors whites, while only 19% said the races were treated equally. But
among whites, the sides flip: a plurality of whites 49% said the races were treated
equally vs. 42% who said whites were favored.

Paradies & Berman (2010) Racism can be internalized by the assimilation of

negative messages that influence self-concept formation and well-being

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Interpersonal racism is the focus of the present study, as such experiences are
reported by members of different ethnic-racial minority groups at different ages
across the life-span, with documented impacts on health and wellbeing. (Ben, et al.
2015)

Ferdinand, et al. (2013) Aboriginal people report being exposed to racism

during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood; in a range of different settings where
they perform their daily activities. Accordingly, aboriginal health and well-being
cannot be promoted without considering the impact of social and structural
conditions that shape their life trajectories.

Priest, et al. (2013) According to the International Journal for Equity in Health.
Research in the Aboriginal Australian context is still limited, generally reporting
cross-sectional data and including relatively large age-range groups. The present
study intends to provide further insight on the impact of racism on the social and
emotional wellbeing (SEWB) of Aboriginal Australian children. (C. Shepherd 2017)

Seawell, et al. (2012) Generally, non-stress-specific social support provided

by family, friends or neighbors can be helpful. However, support related to the
specific stressor maybe more beneficial in reducing the detrimental effects of that
stressors. In the case of the African-American individuals who frequently become the
victim of racism, support the specifically addresses such negative experiences is
likely to be the best when helping them cope with racism effectively.

Theoretical Lens

This study is anchored on the theory by Salter P.S 2018, mainly called
Racism in the Structure of Everyday Worlds: A Cultural – Psychological Perspective,
where racism of modern-society not only is a function of its distant origins but also
refers to manifestations embedded in practices, artifacts, discourse and institutional
realities, rather than something extraordinary or rare (Brown et al., 2003).

The theory of Racism in the Structure of Everyday Worlds: A Cultural –

Psychological Perspective will explain the complex structure of racism and may help
researchers to gain more knowledge about racism’s effect on certain areas of
society.

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 Schematic Diagram

Society/ Social Community

Citizen Beliefs

Racism: Affecting Social Community

Ethnic Groups Confidence

Religion Culture

Individual’s Image

Figure no. 1

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Research Questions

In order to procreate information that might be useful for this study, the
following questions were produced:

1. What are the effects if racial discrimination were present in our country? Is it
possible to create war?
2. What are the possible effects if discrimination were being ignored in school?
Does this can affect the student’s performance and grades?
3. How does racism affect one’s work?

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study is primarily focused on Racism and its Effect on Social Community.
This was mainly conducted at Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School
Integrated Senior High School (NNCHS-ISHS), Poblacion, Nabunturan Compostela
Valley Province for school year 2019 -2020. The duration of the study will last for
more than one month of intensive interrogation and survey among the student’s
during weekdays.

The participants of this study will be bounded only among the Grade 11 to 12
Humanities and Social Sciences students. The number of the respondents may vary
on how many students were present when the interview will be conducted. The
tactics in Naturalist Approach will be used during the process.

Significance of the Study

The capacity to learn and evaluate the outcome of a hostile act is important.
Before they engage on a certain discrimination, students must learn the negativity of
prejudice, they should be open to knowing what the aftermath of racism on our social
community and be mindful on considering to evaluate a certain situation that is
inhospitable such as racism. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following:

11
 Indigenous People (IP’s). The data result may help indigenous people to
improve the insights of other people to their own set of traditions, beliefs and culture.
This study may also help them to showcase their ability to each people, without
being discriminated.

Students. The result of this study will help students to fill their minds,
information regarding on racism and its other influence in society, color, cultures,
religions, beliefs and traditions.

Social Media Users. The result of this study may affect a massive population
of millennials and netizens who can access their internet easily. It can make them
think - twice on posting and discussing some matters online, that they don’t know
were linked in and may end up to discrimination.

Religious People. The data result of this study will help people who are
spiritually focused to be equal and they may open their minds on accepting other
religions beliefs and other practices.

Definition of Terms

Racism – a poor treatment or violence against people because of their race.

It also believes that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities
and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

Prejudice – an unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race,

sex, religion, etc. It is also an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an
individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics.

Neo-racism – this is Étienne Balibar’s term for the prevalent new modality of
racism he calls “racism without race” which emerged in the 1970’s. Whereas racism
used to be premised on the idea of race as biological heredity, now in the
postcolonial era it tends to be focused on ‘cultural differences’.

Intolerance – unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ

from one’s own. It is also a refusal to tolerate or respect persons of a different social
group, especially members of a minority group.

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 Chapter II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research locale, research

participants, data collection procedure, data analysis, and ethical consideration. In
this study, methodologies have been used to determine if racism affects the social
community specifically of HUMSS students.

Research Design

This study utilized the qualitative research design with the use of an interview
guide or IDI to gather pieces of information from the Nabunturan National
Comprehensive High School. The Grades 11 and 12 HUMSS students were the
research respondents. The essential data was taken from the pretest and post test
results.

According to Stanford (2013), phenomenology is the study of structures of

consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view. The central
structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being directed toward something, as
it is an experience of or about some object. In approach to personality theory that
places questions of individuals’ current experiences of themselves and their world at
the center of analyses of personality functioning and change. See also personal
construct. (Kelly, 2020)

A ramification of techniques can be utilized in phenomenological-based

research, consisting of interviews, communication, participant remark and evaluation
of private textual content. The researchers will provide a questionnaire to the
respondents in NNCHS to decide what are the preparations and experiences of the
students.

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Research Locale

The study will be in Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School

(NNCHS), located along National Highway Poblacion Nabunturan, Compostela
Valley, Philippines.

Nabunturan is a landlocked municipality in the coastal province of

Compostela Valley (now Davao de Oro). It serves as the provincial capital. The
municipality has a land area of 231.30 square kilometers or 89.31 square miles
which constitutes 5.16% of Compostela Valley's total area.

Based on the great-circle distance (the shortest distance between two points
over the surface of the Earth), the cities closest to Nabunturan are Tagum, Panabo,
Samal, Davao City, Mati, and Bislig. The nearest municipalities are Montevista,
Mawab, Compostela, New Corella, New Bataan, and Asuncion. Its distance from the
national capital is 945.65 kilometers (587.60 miles).
https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/r11/compostela-valley/nabunturan.html

The town of Nabunturan was once a barangay of Municipality of Compostela.

The origin of its name is from the word “buntod”, the Cebuano term for “mountain.”
The phrase “Nabunturan” means “surrounded by mountains” in English. The early
settlement was ruled by a headman referred to as Bagani, however turned into under
the supervision of the Municipal District President of Compostela over matters
concerning civil affairs. For the preservation of peace and order, the place turned
into under the immediate supervision of the Philippine Constabulary Detachment of
Camp Kalaw, Moncayo. From barangay Jaguimitan in the north to barangay Mawab
(now a municipality inside the south), the entire Compostela town was divided into
two (2) municipal districts: the district of Moncayo, and the district of Compostela,
with the latter’s seat of local government in barangay Nabunturan, now the
municipality of Nabunturan.

The original site of Barangay Nabunturan was located along the

Libasan-Saosao Provincial road, about 4 km from the present Poblacion site. The
public school system was under the supervision of the Supervising instructor
stationed within the Kalaw agreement for schools within the district of Monkayo.

14
 In 1941, the second world war broke out within the country. a new hiding
region for guerrillas and United States Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE)
Contingents spread in Nabunturan. However, at some point of the japanese
occupation in Mindanao, Nabunturan have become a japanese Kempetai Garrison.
After the conflict, the japanese were repulsed again to Davao city, and the camp
regained its reputation as the center of life and commercial enterprise in Compostela
Valley. Camp Kalaw was destroyed and deserted. https://nabunturan.gov.ph/profile/

Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School is located at Poblacion,

Nabunturan National Highway. It consists of both Junior High School and Senior
High School curriculum. Currently, the school has 17 Grade XI sections and 14
Grade XII Sections with 1, 448 student population.

Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School formerly known as

Compostela High School. The school traces its roots from Compostela high school,
the primary secondary public school in the whole Compostela Valley.

Compostela high school caught up with the opening of classes in June 1951
for school year 1951-1952. It started out with 300 students who were enrolled in first
yr and 2nd yr. The classroom was placed at the junction of the national highway and
the provincial road to barangay Magading. On June, 1969, Congress passed
Republic Act No. 5551 as a result, the school officially became known as
Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School.

Presently, the school nurtures almost 4,000 learners Junior High School and
Senior High School Students catered by 193 faculty and staff. The Senior high
school department has a four storey, 2 three storeys, 1 two storey and 2 one storey
faculty room buildings. There are sixty faculty and staff headed by the School
Principal and Assistant School Principal.

https://nnchs.nabunturan.gov.ph/wordpress/profile/

15
Figure 2. The Location Map of Nabunturan National Comprehensive High School

16
Research Participants

The research respondents of the study were Grade 11 to 12 Humanities and

Social Sciences students of school year 2019-2020 in Nabunturan National
Comprehensive High School Integrated Senior High School, Poblacion, Nabunturan,
Compostela Valley Province. The HUMSS Strand are composed of sections: Galilei,
Ampere and Fleming for grade 11 and sections: Ganesha, Nike and Apollo for grade
12. The sections picked are composed of students with different perspectives, so
they would be able to deliver different perceptions about this matter.

Research Procedure

The researchers should create a letter of approval to be passed on the School

Principal for his/her to grant the proposal. When the proposed study gained its
approval, the researcher will ask permission to the participants to answer the
questionnaire and also the researcher will provide their set of questionnaire then give
it to the assigned or chosen participants for them to answer.

After the survey, the data will be collected and the researchers will be
gathering all the data. Afterwards, the researcher will analyze the collected data.

Ethical Consideration

The participants (HUMMS Grade 11-12 students) were selected to participate

the study. They were individual asked to confirm their willingness to participate.
Informed consent was obtained in compliance with ethical requirements for research
on human beings such as to their privacy, feelings, gender, beliefs, anonymous,
relevance, and urgency.

17
 Chapter 3

Presentation and Analysis of Data

In this chapter, it presents the analysis of data if what are the possible effects of
Racial Discrimination especially in the community. HUMMS Students are gathered
through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. With the following research
questions, data production from the participants was directed.

1. What are the effects if Racial Discrimination is present in our country? Is it

possible to create conflict?
Participant 1: It can create conflict because of the different belief of ethnic
groups and tribal groups in our country. Yes, it can create conflict because
both of them had their own belief but other group take it as wrong. In a simple
word, it is the misunderstanding of their opposing side and belief.
Participant 2: The effects of racial discrimination in our country causes
misunderstanding of ethnic groups and other tribal groups in our country and
also causes violence. Yes, because it possibly creates conflict in our country
like Muslims and Christians.
Participant 3: Yes, it has bad effects it can cause trouble or something that
may lead to risk.
Participant 4: Low self-esteem/ self-confidence. Becomes afraid of other
people. Yes.
Participant 5: On my opinion, maybe there will be no unity because what
people see and focuses is the differences. Many lives will be degraded and
many will lose their confidence.
Participant 6: The effects of Racial Discrimination is that people will not have
unity and people only see your flaws. Many people will lose their confidence.
Participant 7: People will be having a conflict, the unity as a people will not be
seen and some people will lose their self-esteem.
Participant 8: Many students or people will commit suicide.
Participant 9: The effects of racial discrimination in our country that is present
today is that many people discriminate native people, they tease them some
of us don’t show equality.

18
Participant 10: Actually, it is present already terroring different individuals.
Yes, it can create a conflict.

1.1. Is it possible that Racism can cause conflict? Why and why not?
Participant 1: Yes, it can cause conflict because of the different beliefs,
misunderstand their opposing side and take it as a negative comment.
Also it can cause downing one’s self confidence on how we practice
his/her freedom.
Participant 2: Yes, because of misunderstanding and negative comments
in opposing side that can create conflict by separating institutions and
attacking violence in government.
Participant 3: Yes, because being against certain people is not good.
Participant 4: Yes, because Racism is a discrimination that downing one’s
self confidence and his/her ability to express his/her freedom as well.
Participant 5: Certainly yes, because racism is inhuman therefore it causes
misunderstandings and conflicts.
Participant 6: Yes, racism discrimination can cause conflict because when
some people is discriminated they will not socialize with other people and
get lose their confidence.
Participant 7: Yes, racism can cause conflict because they will not be as
socialized as they are, some people fight in order for them to protect their
self from discrimination.
Participant 8: Yes, it is possible because of the person criticized by the
other people, it may lose their confidence and they will be shy to face the
society again.
Participant 9: Yes, it is possible that racism can cause conflict because we
are all born to defend ourselves, we are built to protect ourselves. Not only
physically but emotionally and mentally. It can cause conflict in the way
that someone cannot handle the discrimination. Which can cause
physically engaging to one another.
Participant 10: Yes, it can. This issue had already happened in many
countries, especially in western countries and “Negros” are mostly the
victims and that ignited several conflict and revolutions.
19
 1.2. Is it possible that Racism can be minimized if ever it existed?
Participant 1: Yes, through respecting their side.
Participant 2: Yes, through peace and love can result or understanding
and peaceful community.
Participant 3: I don’t know.
Participant 4: Yes.
Participant 5: Probably yes, maybe if we change the perspectives and
views of every person, we can minimize racism and live a happy and
peaceful life.
Participant 6: Maybe, because students nowadays are not disciplined.
They don’t mind how discriminating they are.
Participant 7: Yes, because if someone really value and respect each
other. They will be an optimistic person.
Participant 8: For me, it is a yes. If someone value their self-discipline,
they could be an optimistic person.
Participant 9: Yes, it can be possible in a way that we asked people with
minds and high moral understanding, it must start to ourselves. It must
start to us each other, by respecting one another.
Participant 10: Yes, it’s possible. It is possible if we accept the concept of
true morality and embrace the concept of humanity.

These questions answer the perspective of the students on racial discrimination if

it is really existed. According to the participants, unity will not exist if the people will
just judge the differences of each other. However, people now have the knowledge
about the human rights and thereby giving them the strength to fight back about their
beliefs in which it must often cause conflicts as everyone interferes in each other.

2. What are the possible effects if discrimination is being ignored in school? Can
this affect the students’ performance and grades?
Participant 1: Yes, because it can minimize their self-confidence. Students
become afraid in socializing with other people.

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Participant 2: The effects are depression, loss of confidence, absenteeism,
and performance of academic performance. It is yes because they’re
discriminated. Their rights, thoughts, and their cultures
Participant 3: Yes, because being always discriminated with others is a big
effect in someone. You can always overthink what is wrong with you.
Participant 4: Students will not be able to attend classes. The numbers of
student who get depress will be much higher. Yes, it can definitely affect
students school performances.
Participant 5: Talking about student’s life, well yes, as a matter of fact there is
a lot of effects for us. We can be depressed, we cannot stand being together
with everyone and we tend to be alone. And we cannot perform well in school
because of bullying and discrimination.
Participant 6: Many students will be affected in discrimination and because of
this many students didn’t want to go to school because some of them got
bullied by their physical appearance.
Participant 7: Yes, it will affect the student’s performance and grades. Some
student will not go to school anymore because they are scared to be
discriminated, to be bullied.
Participant 8: The student can lead to depression because the way they
discriminate one student, it can affect it in their emotional behavior so that
they cannot focus on their performance and they cannot maintain their good
grades.
Participant 9: The possible effects if discrimination is being ignored in our
school is that it can cause another person’s anxiety and fears, which can lead
to depression. And can affect the student’s performance, for me it has a big
impact when discrimination will eat our system.
Participant 10: Ethnicity discrimination, victims are being outcasted and
neglected in grouping of activities. And these effects affects the performance
of a victim in class.

2.1. Is it possible that Racism can affect the life of the students?
Participant 1: Yes
Participant 2: Yes
Participant 3: Yes
21
Participant 4: Yes
Participant 5: Yes, it can affect their personal and social lives in the sense that
they tend to be with just themselves than socializing, they cannot trust easily,
they think that there is something wrong with them and this is the saddest
part.
Participant 6: Yes, of course. Students can’t focus on their studies because of
discrimination.
Participant 7: Yes, it can affect the student’s life because this will be the
reason to lose their self-esteem, and some of them are scared to socialize
with other people.
Participant 8: Yes, because of they already experienced being discriminated
by the other people. Some of people/students cannot locate their self-
confidence to face the society and they cannot focus their studies.
Participant 9: Yes, it is possible, because from what I have seen or feel, many
of the student’s experiencing it now has change their life negatively.
Participant 10: Yes, obviously.

2.2. Is it possible that Racism can cause depression to the victims?

Participant 1: Yes
Participant 2: Yes
Participant 3: Yes
Participant 4: Yes
Participant 5: Yes, because they keep of finding what’s wrong in them, they
overthink why people belittle and discriminate them, they think that they are
some kind of trash that leads them to be depressed.
Participant 6: Yes, racism can cause depression to the students who got
discriminated because the students nowadays are very sensitive.
Participant 7: Yes, racism can cause depression to the victims because some
of them cannot handle this kind of problem.
Participant 8: Yes, because some people can’t continue their emotions and
could think negative thoughts.
Participant 9: It is possible, because racism and discrimination does not hit us
physically but it hits us emotionally, which can be more painful, if a student is

22
 being bullied because of their race and he/she cannot handle it. It can lead to
depression.
Participant 10: Yes, obviously. This can be observed in many forms of
discrimination not just in racism.

These question answers the effect of discrimination in school and students’

performance and grades. The answer states that mental health can occurred on the
students as they continue with their everyday lives, their studies, their work if there
will be bullying or discrimination exist. It could also decrease their performance and
lower self-esteem/confidence and thereby lowering their school performance.

3. How does Racism affect one’s studies or social development?

Participant 1: Lack of self-confidence. Students will be afraid to socialize and
interact other people. They are afraid of what may people say against them.
Participant 2: Loss of the confidence and their status about in community.
Participant 3: You can’t communicate properly.
Participant 4: Students will lower his/her self-confidence. In result, students
will be afraid in interacting with other people or with his/her co-student
especially in oral communicating.
Participant 5: It depends upon how they take it – either positively or
negatively. It can be a motivation or their downfall.
Participant 6: Racism affects one’s studies because if a student were
discriminated it will lead him/her not to go to school or not to study.
Participant 7: It has a negative impact that can lead them to depression.
Some of them will be having a lack of social interaction.
Participant 8: They may lose their self-esteem and they we’re shy to interact
with people on community.
Participant 9: ---
Participant 10: Can lower one’s self-esteem, can cause anxiety or worst,
depression. These effects can result to much bigger problem.

3.1. Is it possible that Racism can degrade his/her life?

Participant 1: Yes
Participant 2: Yes
Participant 3: Yes

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Participant 4: Yes
Participant 5: Certainly yes!
Participant 6: For me, yes. It is possible that racism can degrade his/her life
because some people are being belittled and discriminated because of their
physical, mental and sexual orientation.
Participant 7: Yes, it can degrade a person’s life because you can’t judge a
person by his/her appearance.
Participant 8: Yes, because you can’t judge a person by his/her physical
appearance.
Participant 9: Yes, it is possible in the way of depression. It can eat his
thoughts slowly. Can beaten her mind slowly. And can degrade or ruin his life
in the near future if it doesn’t stop.
Participant 10: Yes.

3.2. Can Racism change the attitude of a person?

Participant 1: Yes
Participant 2: Yes
Participant 3: Yes
Participant 4: Yes
Participant 5: Yes, because racism is immoral and inhuman, and I do believe
that change is the only thing that is constant in this world. How much more if
you have a reason to change?
Participant 6: Yes, racism can change the attitude of a person because when
a person was discriminated, he/she may choose to be alone and do not
socialized others anymore. And it is because he/she has the feeling that
everyone around him/her will discriminate or bully him/her.
Participant 7: Yes, racism can change the person’s attitude. Some of them will
lose their self-esteem but on the other hand, this can also change their
attitude positively, to change their perspective to avoid and prevent
discrimination.
Participant 8: Yes, because it could possibly lose their self-esteem and it
could be pessimistic person. But in the other hand, it could be a way to them
to change the flaws and imperfection to avoid racism.

24
 Participant 9: Yes, it can change the attitude of the person, maybe a nice,
kind, and loving person can change to a boastful man.
Participant 10: Yes, obviously.

The answer of the participants has the different perspective among this questions.
It’s states that most of the participants answered that racism can lower one’s self-
confidence and lead to depression and these effect can result to much bigger
problem in your lives. However, it is not only the mental health of someone will
change, also their attitudes will eventually change either positively or negatively.

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