G^EHL@KAE ^EKWNZPKXLZKL ILZKL @LEA  ‐ LPKCELX^ZL EN^ZAGKPKAOACKL

C^KL ZNP^INE G^E@KAE VLZNP @ZLENLONP

Cnenrlokhlhns
No tlooa `nrnjrlo ns no arkcne hn oas enrvkas `rlenlons4 hn oas ha`n
plrns, no K y KK ea sn arkckele ne no trae`a ne`ngìok`a.
Arkcne Lplrnetn= Pktka hno tlooa `nrnjrlo l plrtkr hno `ulo sn arkckel no
enrvka `rlenlo.
Arkcne Znlo= Pktka l plrtkr hno `ulo sn arkckele ols gkjrls enrvkasls
qun `aestktuyne no enrvka.
Oas <: plrns `rlenlons sae= K= Aogltarka, KK= Aptk`a, KKK= Iatar a`uolr
`aiýe u a`uoaiatar, KW= Vltëtk`a a tra`onlr, W= Xrkcëikea, WK=
 Ljhu`nes a iatar a`uolr nxtnrea, WKK= Gl`klo, WKKK= Wnstkjuoa`a`onlr,
KR=Coasaglréecna, R= Wlca, RK= Nspkelo a l``nsarka, RKK= Bkpacoasa.
Xkpas hn gkjrls qun `aegarile oas enrvkas `rlenlons=
  Paiìtk`a= Hl kenrvl`kðe l ol `ljnzl, plrnh `arparlo y
nxtrnikhlhns.
 Wks`nrlo= Wks`nrls.
 Lgnrnetn= Pneskjkokhlh cnenrlo tl`ta, haoar y tnipnrlturl.
 Ngnrnetn= Iatar.
 Cnenrlo= Lipokls ìrnls hn hkstrkju`kðe ne ol `ljnzl.
  Nspn`klo= Gue`kaens nspn`klokzlhls `aia aoglta, custa, vkskðe,
luhk`kðe, nqukokjrka n kenrvl`kðe iatarl hn iýs`uoas arkckelhas hn
lr`as jrlequklons (jrlequkaiërk`as).
 L gnrnetns ns pn`klons = Enrvkas snesktkvas rnol`kaelhas `ae oas snetkhas nspn`klons hn aoglta, vkskðe,
luhk`kðe, custa y nqukokjrka.
Enrvka ðptk`a (LPN), Wnstkjuoa`a`onlr (LPN), Aogltarka (LWN).
Ngnrnetnss saiìtk`as
Ngnrnetn saiìtk`as cnenrlo ns= Enrvkas iatarns qun kenrvle iýs`uoas vaouetlrkas hnrkvlhas hn
cnenrlons=
saiktas nijrkaelrkas, ns hn`kr iýs`uoas nsqunoëtk`as nx`nptuleha oas jrlequkaiëtrk`as. Nstas sae
oas iýs`uoas nxtrla`uolrns hno ama y oas iýs`uoas hn ol onecul. No enrvka a`uoaiatar `aetknen
lhniìs gkjrls plrlskipìtk`ls (NWC) qun kenrvle oas iýs`uoas kevaouetlrkas nxtrla`uolrns.
Enrvka A`uoaiatar (NPC, NWC), Xra`onlr (NPC), Ljhu`nes (NPC), Bkpacoasa (NPC).
Ngnrnetnss vks `nrl
Ngnrnetn `nrlon nspn`klons= Pae enrvkas iatarns qun kenrvle oas iýs`uoas jrlequkaiërk`as
onss nspn`klons=
y tknene gue`kðe ikxtl. Ols gkjrls qun kenrvle oas iýs`uoas jrlequkaiërk`as sn `aea`ne `aia
`aipaenetn vks`nrlo par su lsa`kl`kðe l gue`kaens vks`nrlons hn ol rnspkrl`kðe y hkcnstkðe, y ea
parqun pnrtnenz`le lo skstnil enrvkasa lutðeaia. Oas enrvkas gl`klo, coasaglréecna y vlca
`aetknene gkjrls qun `aehu`ne snesl`kaens custltkvls (LWN), lhniìs hn ngnrne`kls
plrlskipìtk`ls (NWC) y lgnrne`kls vks`nrlons cnenrlons (LWC).
Xrkcëikea (NWN, LPC), Gl`klo (NWN, NWC, LWC, LWN), Coasarlcéecna (NWN, NWC, LWC, LWN),
Wlca (NWN, NWC, LWC, LWN), L``nsarka (NWN)

@aipaenetns gue`kaelons hn oas enrvkas `rlenlons=

`rlenlons=
  Lgnrnetn saiìtk`a cn
cnenrlo
enrlo (LPC).
  Lgnrnetn saiìtk`a ns
nspn`klo
pn`klo (LPN).
  Lgnrnetn vks`nrlo cne
cnenrlo
nrlo (LWC). 
  Lgnrnetn vks`nrlo Nspn`
Nspn`klo
klo (LWN).



   Ngnrnetn
Ngnrnetn saiìtk`a cn
cnenrlo
vks`nrlo cne enrlo(NWC).
cnenrlo
nrlo (NPC).
 
   Ngnrnetn vks`nrlo nsp
nspn`klo
n`klo (NWN) 

. 
 

 
Vlr @rlenlo Iahlokhlh Gue`kaens Nxpoarl`kðe

Vnr`np`kðe hn aoarns.
Kenrvl ols gasls elslons, snplrìehasn ne has crupas. ^ea nxtnrea qun sn
K= Aogltarka. Pnesktkva hkstrkjuyn par oas `arentns supnrkar y inhka y ol iu`asl aogltarkl qun oas `ujrn. Vnr`np`kðe hn aoarns.
No crupapktuktlrkl.
iu`asl ketnrea kenrvl no tljkqun elslo. Xahls nstas rlias vle l tnrikelr ne ol
Kenrvl`kðe hno coaja a`uolr. Nxline hn ol lcuhnzl vksulo.
Vnriktn ol vkskðe `netrlo (lcuhnzl vksulo), vkskðe pnrkgërk`l y vkskðe hn `aoarns. Nxline hn ol vkskðe hn `aoarns.
KK= Ðptk`a. Pnesktkva Nxpoarl`kðe hno `lipa vksulo
(`lipkintrkl).
Nxline hno gaeha hn ama.

@aetrl``kðe hn ol pupkol `ae su rnspn`tkvl gue`kðe rngonml n kenrvl`kðe hn oas @aetrl``kðe pupkolr (ikasks-
skcuknetns iýs`uoas= ikhrklsks).
Nonvlhar hno pìrplha= Nonvl pìrplha supnrkar. Zngonma gataiatar.
KKK= Iatar a`uolr Iatar Zn`ta supnrkar= Nonvl, lpraxkil y ratl inhkloinetn no coaja a`uolr. Zngonma `aesnesulo.
`aiýe. Zn`ta ketnrea= Oonvl no coaja a`uolr bl`kl lhnetra (inhkloinetn). Znl``kðe pupkolr l ol
Zn`ta kegnrkar= Hnprkin, lpraxkil y ratl oltnrloinetn no coaja a`uolr. l`aiahl`kðe.
Ajok`ua inear= Nonvl y ratl oltnrloinetn no coaja a`uolr. Nonvl`kðe hno pìrplha.
Iavkiknetas a`uolrns bl`kl
inhklo, oltnrlo, ljlma y lrrkjl.

KW= Vltëtk`a a Iatar Kenrvl`kðe hno iýs`uoa ajok`ua supnrkar qun sn ne`lrcl hn ratlr inhkloinetn no Iavkikneta a`uolr bl`kl lhnetra,
Xra`onlr. ama, oa lpraxkil y oa hnprkin. bl`kl ljlma y inhkloinetn.

Pneskjkokhlh hn tl`ta, haoar y tnipnrlturl ne ol `lrl y onecul. Pneskjkokhlh supnrgk`klo `ljnzl,

Pneskjkokhlh prapka`nptkvl hn oas iýs`uoas hn ol ilstk`l`kðe.
i lstk`l`kðe. `lrl, iu`asls y onecul.
Kenrvl`kðe iatarl l oas iýs`uoas ilsntnra y tniparlo (Ilstk`l`kðe). Gue`kðe ius`uoas ilstk`ltarkas.
Gue`kðe rngonml. Zngonmas= `arenlea,
Zlil agtìoik`l= Coaja a`uolr, `arenl, coìehuol olcrkilo, plrplha supnrkar y su elsaplrpnjrlo, Ilsntnrkea,
`aemuetkvl, pkno hn ol grnetn y hno `unra `ljnoouha blstl no vërtk`n hno `rìena, ol supnr`koklr, elslo a nstareutltarka,
W= Xrkcëikea. Ikxta plrtn inhkl hn ol pkno hn ol elrkz y ol plrtn supnrkar hn ol iu`asl hn ol `lvkhlh `arenailehkjuolr a hno pnstlüna
elslo. hn ol ilehkjuol.

Zlil ilxkolr= Inmkools, pkno hno oljka supnrkar, hno lol hn ol elrkz, pìrplha
kegnrkar. Iu`asl hno plrplha kegnrkar, iu`asl hno oljka supnrkar, hknetns
supnrkarns, ilxkolr supnrkar, plrtn supnrkar inmkool, plolhlr asna plrtn kegnrkar
`lvkhlh elslo y su iu`asl, plrtn hn ols sknens.  
 

Vlr @rlenlo Iahlokhlh Gue`kaens Nxpoarl`kðe

Zlil Ilehkjuolr= Ilsntnra, tniparlo, ptnrkcakhnas, ikoabkahna, hkclstrk`a

(`lja letnrkar) (iýs`uoas ilstk`l`kðe), ius`uoa hno ilrtkooa, Vkno plrtn pastnrkar
W= Xrkcëikea Ikxta sknens y plrtn lhyl`netn hno pljnooae lurk`uolr, plrtn pastnrkar inmkool, oljka
kegnrkar, inetðe, hknetns, ne`kls kegnrkarns, has tnr`kas letnrkarns hn ol onecul,
pksa hn olplrlskipltk`l
kenrvl`kðe ja`l, supnrgk`kn ketnrel hn ols inmkools y coìehuols slokvlons,
hn ol plrðtkhl
WK= Iatar a`uolr Iatar Kenrvl`kðe hno iýs`uoa rn`ta nxtnrea qun sn ne`lrcl hn iavnr no coaja a`uolr Iavkikneta a`uolr bl`kl lgunrl.
nxtnrea. bl`kl lgunrl.

WKK= Gl`klo. Ikxta Kenrvl`kðe hn oas iýs`uoas `utìenas hn ol `lrl. Iavkiknetas hn ol iéik`l gl`klo.
  A``kpktagraetlo y tniparaplrkntlo= Iavkikneta `unra `ljnoou
`ljnoouha.
ha. Zngonmas= `arenlea y
  Lurk`uolr letnrkar, pastnrkar y supnrkar= Iavkiknetas `lrtéolca lurk`uolr. elsaplrpnjrlo.
 Arjk`uolr hn oas amas= `knrrn hn oas pìrplhas, `aiprnskðe hno sl`a ol`rkilo y Pneskjkokhlh custltkvl ne oas has
iavkikneta hn ols `nmls. tnr`kas letnrkarns hn ol onecul.
 Hnprnsar hn ol `nml, supnr`koklr y pra`nr= Hnprnskðe hn ol pkno hn ol grnetn y hn Pneskjkokhlh pkno hno inlta
ols `nmls. luhktkva nxtnrea, rnckðe ilstakhnl
  Elslo y hnprnsar hno tljkqun elslo= Iavkiknetas hno lol hn ol elrkz. y pljnooðe lurk`uolr oltnrlo.
  Arjk`uolr hn ol ja`l= Vrayn`tl ooas
as oljkas. Pn`rn`kðe olcrkilo y slokvlo.
  Ju``kelhar= Zntrln oas ìecuoas hn ol ja`l, `aetrkjuyn l ol ilstk`l`kðe.
 Hnprnsar hno oljka kegnrkar, nonvlhar hno oljka supnrkar, inetlo, trlesvnrsa hno
inetðe, hnprnsar hno ìecuoa hn ol ja`l, rksarka, nonvlhar hno ìecuoa hn ol
ja`l, `kcaiìtk`a ilyar, `kcaiìtk`a inear, nonvlhar hno oljka supnrkar y hno
lol hn ol elrkz= Iavkiknetas hn oas oljkas, lols hn ol elrkz, inmkools y pkno hno
inetðe.
  Voltksil= Nstkrlikneta hn ol pkn
pknoo hno `unooa.

Kenrvl`kðe hn oas iýs`uoas hno nstrkja hno aéha.

Pneskjkokhlh custltkvl
Pneskjkokhlh lo harsa hn ol arnml
l oas y lo inlta
has tnr`kas luhktkva
letnrkarns hnnxtnrea.
ol onecul.
Kenrvl`kðe l ols coìehuols suharéplrls hn ol `lrl, coìehuols slokvlons y
olcrkilons.
Kenrvl`kðe l ols gkjrls vlsahkoltlharls qun vle l ol lrtnrkl luhktkvl y sus rlils.

Zlil `a`onlr= `aehu`n nstéiuoas luhktkvas qun sae `lptlhas ne ol `ð`onl. Nxline hn ol luhk`kðe.
WKKK= Pnesktkva Zlil vnstkjuolr= `aehu`n oas nstéiuoas hn l`nonrl`kðe
l` nonrl`kðe `arparlo rn`ackhas par no Vnr`np`kðe hno saekha par
Wnstkjuoa`a`onlr sì`uoa, utré`uoa y `aehu`tas a `lelons snik`kr`uolrns. trlesikskðe lërnl y par
trlesikskðe ðsnl.
Nxline vnstkjuolr.
 

Vlr @rlenlo Iahlokhlh Gue`kaens Nxpoarl`kðe

Pnesktkva= plrl ol iu`asl hn ol glrkecn y no tnr`ka pastnrkar hn ol onecul, ke`oukhls Custa tnr`ka pastnrkar hn ol
ol sneskjkokhlh cnenrlo y ol snesl`kðe lo custa. Pneskjkokhlh hn ol liéchlol, no onecul.
KR= vnoa hno plolhlr y ol glrkecn. Iatkokhlh= Gael`kðe, nonvl`kðe
Coasaglréecna Ikxta Gue`kðe iatarl= Iýs`uoas glréecnas supnrkarns, qun ketnrvknene ne no prkinr vnoa plolhlr.
tknipa
Gue`kðehn ol hncou`kðe.
iatarl plrlskipìtk`l= `aetraole ol sn`rn`kðe plratéhnl. Gue`kðe
Elusnasa.rngonml= Wnoaploltkea y
Gue`kðe rngonml= Wnoaploltkea, elusnasa.

Pnesktkva= sneskjkokhlh hn glrkecn, nsðglca, nstðilca, ketnstkea, coatks, trlqunl y Nxline hno vnoa hno plolhlr.
puoiaens. Pkcea hn ol ilezlel hn Lhìe.
Pneskjkokhlh l ol pkno hn ol plrtn pastnrkar hno pljnooðe lurk`uolr y l ol plrnh Nxline hn ol olrkecn.
R= Wlca a Ikxta pastnrkar hno `aehu`ta luhktkva nxtnrea. Gue`kðe rngonml= Wnoaploltkea y
Enuiacìstrk`a Iatar= Kenrvl`kðe hn iýs`uoas nstrklhas vnoaploltkeas, `aestrk`tarns hn ol glrkecn Elusnasa.
y iýs`uoas olréecnas.
Iatar= Kenrvl`kðe hn iýs`uoa oksa jraequklo y clstraketnstkelo.
Niktn tlijkëe gkjrls iahnrlharls hn ol l`tkvkhlh `lrhkl`l y gkjrls sn`rntarls
plrl nstðilca, pìe`rnls y trìqunl.
RK= Nspkelo a Iatar Kenrvl`kðe iatarl plrl Nstnrea`onkhailstakhna y Xrlpn`ka. Nxline ius`uolr y hno tragksia
l``nsarka. Ne `aemueta `ae no R plr kenrvl no `aestrk`tar supnrkar hn ol glrkecn, l tahas oas hn Nstnrea`onkhailstakhna y
iýs`uoas hn ol olrkecn, nx`npta no `rk`atkrakhna y lo ponxa `lrhkl`a. Xrlpn`ka.

Iavkokhlh hn ol onecul. Kespn``kðe, iavkokhlh y plopl`kðe

Kenrvl`kðe hn oas iýs`uoas nxtréesn`as hn ol onecul qun ketnrvknene ne ol hn ol onecul.
RKK= Bkpacoasa. Iatar pratruskðe.
Kenrvl`kðe hn oas iýs`uoas ketréesn`as hn ol onecul qun ol iunvne oltnrloinetn
`uleha ea nstl pratrukhl.
Iavkokhlh hno bunsa bkakhns, ol ilehéjuol y no `unooa.

Zngnrne`kls Jkjokacrìgk`ls
 G^PXKEAEK, Asvloha. Pnikaoacél hno Pkstnil Enrvkasa. Juneas Lkrns= No Ltnena. Eavnel nhk`kðe.
 V^ZWNP, Hlon. Enura`kne`kl. > nhk`kðe. Iëhk`l plelinrk`lel. :6<7.
 @BLIVEN[, Xbails. Enuraleltaiél `oéek`l nsne`klo. Iëhk`l plelinrk`lel. :6<3.
 PENOO, ZK@BLZH EN^ZALELXAIKL @OKEK@L 7ª nhk`kðe Juneas Lkrns nhktarklo Inhk`l plelinrk`lel. :66:.
 HLWKH O. GNOXNE [ LEKO E PBNXX[. Ltols hn enura`kne`kl ENXXNZ. Nhktarklo Ilssae. Nosnvknr Nsplül. :6<6.

@aipkolha par=
G.X. Zasinry Kijl`bé I.
Ic. Enurarnbljkoktl`kðe