Proceedings of the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics,

National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan

Volume 40, Number 2, 2014, Pages 88–96

ESTIMATES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

AND FRACTIONAL MAXIMAL OPERATORS
ON COMMUTATIVE HYPERGROUPS

MUBARIZ G. HAJIBAYOV

Abstract. Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric

ρ, Haar measure λ, upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity. We consider
fractional integrals, fractional maximal operators and Hardy-Littlewood
maximal operator on (K, ∗) and give pointwise and integral estimates for
fractional integrals in terms of fractional maximal operators and Hardy-
Littlewood maximal operator.

1. Introduction and preliminaries

The objects of the present paper are fractional integrals, fractional maximal op-
erators and Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators on commutative hypergroups.
These operators were introduced in [8] and [9], as a convolution of two func-
tions on commutative hypergroups. We give pointwise and integral estimates
for the fractional integrals in terms of fractional maximal operators and Hardy-
Littlewood maximal operator. The obtained results are the extensions of the
analogous results for the classical fractional integrals, fractional maximal oper-
ators and Hardy-Littlewood maximal operators(for example see [1]). Also the
results of the paper include the analogous results for Bessel hypergroups in [6],
for Laguerre hypergroups in [13] and for Dunkl hypergroups in [5], [7] and [12].
Let K be a set. A function ρ : K × K → [0, ∞) is called quasi-metric if:
(1) ρ (x, y) = 0 ⇔ x = y;
(2) ρ (x, y) = ρ (y, x) ;
(3) there is a constant c ≥ 1 such that for every x, y, z ∈ X
ρ (x, y) ≤ c (ρ (x, z) + ρ (z, y)) .
In the theory of locally compact groups there arise certain spaces which, though
not groups, have some of the structure of groups. Often, the structure can be
expressed in terms of an abstract convolution of measures on the space.
A hypergroup (K, ∗) consists of a locally compact Hausdorff space K together
with a bilinear, associative, weakly continuous convolution on the Banach space
of all bounded regular Borel measures on K with the following properties:

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 43A62, 47H50, 42B25.

Key words and phrases. fractional integral, fractional maximal operator, Hardy-Littlewood
maximal operator, hypergroup.
88
 ESTIMATES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS AND FRACTIONAL . . . 89

1. For all x, y ∈ K, the convolution of the point measures δx ∗ δy is a prob-

ability measure with compact support.
2. The mapping: K × K → C(K), (x, y) 7→ supp(δx ∗ δy ) is continuous with
respect to the Michael topology on the space C(K) of all nonvoid compact
subsets of K, where this topology is generated by the sets

UV,W = {L ∈ C(K) : L ∩ V 6= ∅, L ⊂ W }

with V, W open in K.
3. There is an identity e ∈ K with δe ∗ δx = δx ∗ δe = δx for all x ∈ K.
4. There is a continuous involution ∼ on K such that

(δx ∗ δy )∼ = δy∼ ∗ δx∼

and e ∈ supp(δx ∗ δy ) ⇔ x = y ∼ for x, y ∈ K (see [10], [11], [14], [2]).

A hypergroup K is called commutative if δx ∗ δy = δy ∗ δx for all x, y ∈ K. It
is well known that every commutative hypergroup K possesses a Haar measure
which will be denoted by λ (see [14]). That is, for every Borel measurable function
f on K,
Z Z
f (δx ∗ δy )dλ(y) = f (y)dλ(y) (x ∈ K).
K K

Define the generalized translation operators T x , x ∈ K, by

Z
x
T f (y) = f d(δx ∗ δy )
K

for all y ∈ K. If K is a commutative hypergroup, then T x f (y) = T y f (x) and the

convolution of two functions is defined by
Z
f ∗ g(x) = T x f (y)g(y ∼ )dλ(y).
K

Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ, Haar measure

λ and all balls B(x, r) = {y ∈ K : ρ(x, y) < r} be λ-measurable and N ∈ (0, ∞).
We will say Haar measure λ is upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity, if there
exists a constant C > 0, not depending r > 0, such that

λB(e, r) ≤ CrN . (1.1)

Let p > 0. By Lp (K, λ) denote a class of all λ-measurable functions f : K →

 1
p
R p
(−∞, +∞) with kf kLp (K,λ) = |f (x)| dλ (x) < ∞.
K
The notation χA (x) denotes the characteristic function of set A.

For the sake of simplicity, the letter C always denotes a positive constant which
may change from one step to the next.
90 MUBARIZ G. HAJIBAYOV

2. Main results
Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ, Haar measure
λ. For 0 ≤ β < 1 define fractional maximal operator
1

Mβ f (x) = sup 1−β
|f | ∗ χB(e,r) (x).
r>0 λB(e, r)

If β = 0, then we have Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator

1

M f (x) = sup |f | ∗ χB(e,r) (x) (2.1)
r>0 λB(e, r)

on commutative hypergroup (K, ∗) equipped with the pseudo-metric ρ.

We have
1
Theorem 2.1. If f ∈ L β (K, λ) then Mβ f ∈ L∞ (K) and
 1
Z p
p
sup Mβ f (x) ≤  |f (x)| dλ .
x∈K
K

Proof. Using Hölder’s inequality we can write

Z
1
T x |f (y)|χB(e,r) (y ∼ )dλ(y)
λB(e, r)1−β
K
 β
Z
1 1
 (T x |f (y)|) β dλ(y) ×
≤
λB(e, r)1−β
K
 1−β
Z

1
×  χB(e,r) (y ∼ ) 1−β dλ(y)
K
 β
Z
1
≤ |f (y)| β dλ(y)
K
and we have the required result. 

Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ, Haar measure

λ, upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity. Define fractional integral
Iα f (x) = ρ(e, ·)α−N ∗ f (x), 0 < α < N


(2.2)
on commutative hypergroup (K, ∗) equipped with the quasi-metric ρ.
Theorem 2.2. Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ and
Haar measure λ, upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity and 0 < η < 1,
0 ≤ α < N η. Then
Iα |f (x)| ≤ C rα M0 f (x) + rα−N η Mη f (x) .


(2.3)
 ESTIMATES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS AND FRACTIONAL . . . 91

Proof. Let r > 0 be arbitrary and split Iα |f (x)| in the standard way
Z
Iα |f (x)| = ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
B(e,r)
Z
+ ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
K\B(e,r)
= U1 (x, r) + U2 (x, r). (2.4)
For U1 (x, r) we have the estimate
Z
U1 (x, r) = ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y).
B(e,r)
∞
X Z
= ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
k=1 −k
2 r≤ρ(e,y)<2−k+1 r
∞ 
X α−N Z
−k
≤ 2 r T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
k=1
ρ(e,y)<2−k+1 r
∞ 
X α−N
= 2−k r λB(e, 2−k+1 r)×
k=1
Z
1
× T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
λB(e, 2−k+1 r)
B(e,2−k+1 r)
≤ Crα M0 f (x).
Therefore
U1 (x, r) ≤ Crα M0 f (x), (2.5)
where C > 0 does not depend f , x and r.
Estimating U2 (x, r) we obtain:
Z
U2 (x, r) = ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
K\B(e,r)
∞
X Z
= ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
k=0 k
2 r≤ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r
X∞  α−N  1−η
k
≤ 2 r λB(e, 2k+1 r) ×
k=0
Z
1
× η−1 T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
(λB(e, 2k+1 r))
ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r
∞ 
X α−N  N −N η
≤C 2k r 2k+1 r Mη f (x)
k=0
≤ Crα−N η Mη f (x)
92 MUBARIZ G. HAJIBAYOV

since α − N η < 0 by assumption.

Thus (2.3) is proved. 
Theorem 2.3. Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ and
Haar measure λ, upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity and 1 ≤ p < N
α . Then
αp αp
Iα |f (x)| ≤ C (M0 f (x))1− N kf kLNp (K,λ) (2.6)

Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ C (Iα |f (x)|)θ (M0 f (x))1−θ (2.7)

θ 1−θ
Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ C (Mα f (x)) (M0 f (x)) (2.8)
Note that, for classical operators, the analogue of inequality (2.8) is known as
the Welland inequality.
Proof. Split Iα |f (x)| again as in (2.4). By Hölder’s inequality we have
 1
p
Z
U2 (x, r) ≤  |T x f (y ∼ )|p dλ(y) ×
 

K\B(e,r)
  10
p
Z
(α−N )p0
× ρ(e, y) dλ(y) .
 

K\B(e,r)
Here
 1
p
Z
|T x f (y ∼ )|p dλ(y)
 

K\B(e,r)
 1
Z p
x ∼ p
≤  |T f (y )| dλ(y)
K
 1
Z p
x p ∼
≤  |T f (y )|dλ(y)
K
 1
Z p
p
= |f (y)| dλ(y)
K
and
  10
p
Z
(α−N )p0
ρ(e, y) dλ(y)
 

K\B(e,r)
  10
p
∞ Z
X (α−N )p0
= ρ(e, y) dλ(y)

k=0 k
2 r≤ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r
 ESTIMATES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS AND FRACTIONAL . . . 93

  10
p
∞  0 Z
X k (α−N )p

≤ 2 r dλ(y)

k=0
ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r

∞ 
! 10
X (α−N )p0  N p

≤C 2k r 2k+1 r
k=0
α−N + pN0
≤ Cr
α− N
= Cr p .
Therefore
α− N
U2 (x, r) ≤ Cr p kf kLp (K,λ) (2.9)
From (2.5) and (2.9), we have
α− N
 
Iα |f (x)| ≤ C rα M0 f (x) + r p kf kLp (K,λ)
 Np
kf kLp (K,λ)

Minimum of the right-hand side is attained at r = . So
M0 f (x)
αp αp
Iα |f (x)| ≤ C (M0 f (x))1− N kf kLNp (K,λ) .
We now prove (2.7). Consider
Z
Iαθ |f (x)| = ρ(e, y)αθ−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
B(e,r)
Z
+ ρ(e, y)αθ−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
K\B(e,r)

= u1 (x, r) + u2 (x, r)
For u2 (x, r) we have the estimate
Z
αθ−α
u2 (x, r) ≤ r ρ(e, y)α−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
K\B(e,r)

≤ rαθ−α Iα |f (x)|
Thus
u2 (x, r) ≤ rαθ−α Iα |f (x)| (2.10)
From (2.5) and (2.10) we have
Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ Crαθ M0 f (x) + rαθ−α Iα |f (x)|.
 1
Iα |f (x)| α
Minimum of the right-hand side is attained at r = . So
M0 f (x)
Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ C (Iα |f (x)|)θ (M0 f (x))1−θ .
94 MUBARIZ G. HAJIBAYOV

Turn to the proof of (2.7). For this purpuse we estimate u2 (x, r) by the different
way.
∞
X Z
u2 (x, r) = ρ(e, y)αθ−N T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
k=0 k
2 r≤ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r
∞ 
X αθ−N  1− α
N
≤ 2k r λB(e, 2k+1 r) ×
k=0
Z
1
× −1 α T x |f (y ∼ )|dλ(y)
(λB(e, 2k+1 r)) N
ρ(e,y)<2k+1 r

≤ Crαθ−α M Nα f (x).
Therefore,
u2 (x, r) ≤ Crαθ−α M Nα f (x). (2.11)
Using (2.5) and (2.11) we have
Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ rαθ M0 f (x) + Crαθ−α M Nα f (x).
 1
Mα f (x) α
Minimum of the right-hand side is attained at r = . So
M0 f (x)
Iαθ |f (x)| ≤ C (Mα f (x))θ (M0 f (x))1−θ
Theorem 2.3 is proved. 
Theorem 2.4. Let (K, ∗) be a commutative hypergroup, with quasi-metric ρ and
Haar measure λ, upper Ahlfors N -regular on an identity. Assume that
0 < α < N , 0 < p < ∞ and Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator (2.1) is bounded
on Lp (K, λ).
αp
1) If 1 < p < N 1 1 α
µ , 1 ≤ b ≤ ∞ and µb = q − p + µ then
αp
1− αp
kIα f kLq (K,λ) ≤ CkM µ f kLµb (K,λ) kf kLp (K,λ)
µ
(2.12)
Np

for all f ∈ Lp (K, λ) and all M µ ∈ Lb (K, λ), where C is a constant independent
Np
of f .
2)
1−θ
kIαθ f kLb (K,λ) ≤ CkIα f kθLq (K,λ) kf kLp (K,λ) , (2.13)
1−θ
kIαθ f kLb (K,λ) ≤ CkMα f kθLq (K,λ) kf kLp (K,λ) . (2.14)
1 θ 1−θ
where 0 < θ < 1, 0 < q ≤ ∞, b = q + p .
  1
Mη f (x) Nη
Proof. Taking r = r(x) = in (2.3), we have
M0 f (x)
α
1− Nαη
|Iα f (x)| ≤ C (Mη f (x)) N η (M0 f (x)) .
µ
If η = Np , then
 αp
1− αp

µ
|Iα f (x)| ≤ C M µ f (x) (M0 f (x)) µ (2.15)
Np
 ESTIMATES FOR FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS AND FRACTIONAL . . . 95

Using the inequality (2.15) and applying Hölder’s inequality we can write
Z Z   qαp
µ q− qαp
|Iα f (x)|q dλ(x) ≤ C M µ f (x) (M0 f (x)) µ dλ(x)
Np
K K
 qαp
q− qαp

µ
≤ Ck M µ f kLζ 0 (K,λ) k (M0 f ) µ kLζ (K,λ) ,
Np
µp ζ µb αp
where ζ = µq−αpq , ζ0 = ζ−1 = αpq , µb = 1
q − 1
p + αµ . Therefore
αp
1− αp
kIα f kLq (K,λ) ≤ CkM µ f kLµb (K,λ) kM0 f kLp (K,λ)
µ
Np
αp
1− αp
≤ CkM µ f kLµb (K,λ) kf kLp (K,λ)
µ
.
Np

Now we prove (2.13). Consider kIαθ f kLb (K,λ) . From (2.7) and Hölder’s in-
equality we obtain
kIαθ f kLb (K,λ) ≤ Ck (Iα f )θ (M0 f )1−θ kLb (K,λ)

≤ Ck (Iα f )θ kLbτ 0 (K,λ) k (M0 f )1−θ kLbτ (K,λ) .

where τ 0 = τ −1
τ
. Put p = (1 − θ)bτ , q = θbτ 0 . Then 1
bτ = 1−θ
p and 1
bτ 0 = θq . From
the last inequality we obtain
kIαθ f kLb (K,λ) ≤ CkIα f kθLq (K,λ) kM0 f k1−θ
Lp (K,λ)
1−θ
≤ CkIα f kθLq (K,λ) kf kLp (K,λ)

The inequality (2.14) can be proved analogously. 

Acknowledgements
The author would like to express his thanks to Academician Akif Gadjiev for
valuable remarks.

References
[1] D. Adams and L. Hedberg, Function spaces and potential theory, Grundlehren
der Mathematischen Wissenschaften [Fundamental Principles of Mathematical Sci-
ences], 314. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996.
[2] W. R. Bloom and H. Heyer, Harmonic analysis of probability measures on hyper-
groups, de Gruyter Stud. Math., vol. 20, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1995.
[3] A. D. Gadjiev and M. G. Hajibayov, Inequalities for B-convolution operators, TWMS
J. Pure Appl. Math., 1(1) (2010), 41–52.
[4] A. D. Gadjiev, V. S. Guliyev, A. Serbetci and E. V. Guliyev, The Stein-Weiss type
inequalities for the B-Riesz potentials. J. Math. Inequal., 5(1) (2011), 87-106.
[5] V. S. Guliyev and Y. Y. Mammadov, Some estimations for Riesz potentials in terms
maximal and fractional maximal functions associated with the Dunkl operator on the
real line. Trans. Natl. Acad. Sci. Azerb. Ser. Phys.-Tech. Math. Sci. 27(7) (2007),
71-76.
[6] V. S. Guliev, N. N. Garakhanova and Y. Zeren, Pointwise and integral estimates for
the Riesz B-potential in terms of B-maximal and B-fractionally maximal functions
(Russian), Sibirsk. Mat. Zh.,49(6) (2008), 1263–1279.
96 MUBARIZ G. HAJIBAYOV

[7] V. S. Guliyev and Y. Y. Mammadov, Pointwise and integral estimates for the Riesz
potentials associated with the Dunkl operator on the real line, Indian J. Math. 51(2)
(2009), 239–254.
[8] M. G. Hajibayov, Generalized potentials on commutative hypergroups, arXiv
preprint arXiv:1307.4949, 2013, 1–9 to appear in Azerb. J. Math.
[9] M. G. Hajibayov, Inequalities for convolutions of functions on commutative hyper-
groups, Azerb. J. Math. 4(1) (2014), 92–107.
[10] R. L. Jewett, Spaces with an abstract convolution of measures, Adv. in Math., 18(1)
(1975), 1–101.
[11] M. Lashkarizadeh Bami, The semisimplicity of L1 (K, w) of a weighted commutative
hypergroup K, Acta Math. Sinica, 24 (4) (2008), 607–610.
[12] Y. Y. Mammadov, Analog theorems of Welland for the Riesz potentials associated
with the Dunkl operator on the real line. Proc. Inst. Math. Mech. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Azerb., 27 (2007), 47-56
[13] M. N. Omarova, Some properties of the fractional integrals on the Laguerre hy-
pergroup, Trans. Natl. Acad. Sci. Azerb. Ser. Phys.Tech. Math. Sci. Math. Mech.,
28(4) (2008), 83–90.
[14] R. Spector, Measures invariantes sur les hypergroupes(French), Trans. Amer. Math.
Soc., 239 (1978), 147–165.

Mubariz G. Hajibayov
Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Baku, Azerbaijan.
National Aviation Academy, Baku, Azerbaijan.
E-mail address: hajibayovm@yahoo.com

Received: November 3, 2014; Accepted: December 9, 2014