Script For Ppt Presentation

Species: BELUGA WHALE

Presenter: JANINE
Slide 1
Are dolphins your porpoise for living? Think Orcas are killers? Maybe you start
blabbering when you think of Belugas. That’s no fluke. Whales are one of the coolest
groups of animals on Earth with so many specialized features. If you’re looking for key
information and interesting facts about one of these awesome marine mammals,
whale, whale, whale, the Viva Hot Babes group is here to fill your minds with facts and
trivias about Beluga Whale.
Slide 2 (title slide)
When we say “whales”, we’re talking about the order of animals called Cetacean, which
are further divided into two subgroups, toothed whales and baleen whales. As for our
topic today, Beluga whales are included in the toothed whale group. To further
understand Beluga whales, let’s hear it out from Mr. Edward who will introduce us to
Beluga whales’ Taxonomy.
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Presenter: EDWARD
Slide 3 (taxonomy)
The beluga was first described in 1776 by Peter Simon Pallas. It is part of the
Kingdom: Animalia and its Phylum is Chordata under the Class of Mammalia in Order
of Cetacea. It is a member of the Monodontidae family, which is in turn part of the
toothed whales. The name of the genus, Delphinapterus, means "dolphin without fin"
and the species name leucas means "white" because Beluga whales are white.
However, these white whales are born dark gray. It can take up to eight years before
they turn completely white.
Now, Let’s discuss kung ano ba ang anatomical and physiological structures ng isang
Beluga whale.

Slide 4 (anatomical structures)

Beluga whales have a set of particular anatomical and physiological adaptations that
allow them to survive successfully. Pagusapan natin ang anatomical.
Slide 5
The anatomical structures of Beluga whales include the following:
Extensive range of vocalizations.​
​Belugas have no dorsal fin, but an elongated dorsal ridge.​
​Countercurrent heat exchanger in the flippers and flukes.​
Belugas have a thick blubber layer under the skin for insulation.​

Slide 6
Una ay ang kanilang extensive range of vocalizations. Belugas have the anatomical
structures to be able to make a wide range of vocal sounds, unlike sa ating mga tao na
ginagamit ang ating vocal cords, nagpoproduce ang mga beluga ng sounds sa kanilang
nasal sacs malapit sa kanilang blowhole pero gaya ng mga tao, some of them can be
modified by the shape of the lips under the control of a series of small muscles. The
melon at the front of the head focuses a series of clicks into a beam projecting
forwards from the whale where they bounce off objects, the echoes being interpreted
by the whale. In this manner whales can find their way about in water and also find
holes in sea-ice for breathing or even pockets of trapped air under the ice that can also
be used.

Slide 7
Next is wala silang dorsal fin. Belugas have no dorsal fin, but an elongated dorsal
ridge. Karamihan sa mga whale ay may dorsal fin, yung nasa gitna ng kanilang likod,
na tumutulong sa kanila para ma-maintain ang steady line kapag sila ay lumalangoy,
but in the case of belugas, again, wala silang fin, but instead have a hardened long
dorsal ridge. The lack of fin is an adaptation to swimming under sea-ice when it might
get caught or damaged, the ridge performs a similar job and is also used with the head
for pushing up against ice to break through.

Slide 8
Next is meron silang countercurrent heat exchanger in the flippers and flukes. Arteries
in the flippers and flukes taking blood in are surrounded with veins taking blood out,
so that warm blood entering is cooled down by the cold blood leaving. In this way
warmth is retained rather than being lost because of the high surface area - low
volume of the flipper. In other circumstances blood flow to the flippers can be
increased allowing the flippers to be used to cool the body after exertion and/or in
warmer waters.

Slide 9
And then, belugas have a thick blubber layer under the skin for insulation. Blubber or
yung taba is an excellent source of insulation, nagsisilbi rin itong storage o imbakan
ng pagkain when times are good and there is plenty to eat as well as providing
buoyancy and streamlining. Ang mga Beluga ay nakatira sa malamig na tubig buong
taon, any mammal maliban sa whales or seals would eventually get too cold at maaari
pa silang mamatay dahil sa lamig or hypothermia dahil nga sa sobrang lamig whereas
ang mga beluga ay kayang magmaintain ng constant warm mammalian body
temperature at temperatures down to the freezing point of water dahil sa kanilang
blubber which can make up 40% of a belugas mass.

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Presenter: JANINE
Slide 10
Now, let's learn about the diving physiology of Beluga whales for us to better
understand paano nga ba ang kanilang behavior underwater.
While belugas aren't champion divers in the world of whales, they are still capable of
impressive underwater dives that require very specialist adaptations. Typically they
dive to about 20m (66ft) though the deepest recorded is 647m (2,123ft), they usually
stay underwater for less than 10 minutes, but have been measured at more than 17.

Slide 11
First, they collapse their lungs when diving with only the minimum of air held in the
respiratory system. Miniminimize nila ang hangin sa kanilang baga, dahil dito
napeprevent ang retained air (or more specifically the nitrogen in that air) from being
forced into the blood under pressure at depth at nape prevent din ang paulit ulit na
paglabas ulit on resurfacing, resulting in the "bends" which can be damaging or even
fatal.
Slide 12
Next is belugas are capable of what we call Bradycardia, the slowing down of the heart
considerably from the normal rate. The heart rate slows to 12-20 beats a minute
during a dive, blood is directed only towards the vital organs such as the brain and
heart and to the swimming muscles and those associated with catching prey. The rest
of the body is largely bypassed for the duration of the dive to retain oxygen for
immediately necessary purposes only. Proportionally more blood than a land mammal.
More blood means more oxygen storage capacity that will be available during a dive.

Slide 13
And then there is the Oxygen loading and ridding of carbon dioxide before a deep and
long dive. Long deep breaths are taken while at rest before diving to clear dissolved
CO2 from the blood and load up hemoglobin and myoglobin with oxygen before the
dive to enable a longer period before the next breath.

Now, let’s learn about the development and some trivias about Beluga whales from
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Presenter: ANILY
Slide 14
Let us now proceed to know how Beluga whales develop.
Beluga whale’s development is similar to that of most other mammals, but it is not
completely known. There is either thought to be spontaneous ovulation with an
extremely long gestation period or delayed implantation with a shorter gestation
period, but it is unknown. Beluga gestation is known to last about fourteen months.

Slide 15
Beluga whale calves are born during the summer months of May through July. The
nursery pod stays around during the delivery of a beluga calf, then all of them take off,
except a young teenage nursemaid. The baby then stays in-between the mother and
the nursemaid as they swim, pulling him with the current.
Slide 16
The white color for which beluga whales are named does not appear until an animal
reaches maturity. Beluga whale calves are born a light brown-gray color, which
darkens and fades gradually with age before turning the characteristic white. The
change in color is not related to sexual maturity, although these events may occur at
the same time.

Slide 17
As we’ve reached the last part of this presentation, we have here some trivia or
additional knowledge about beluga whales: Let me read them for you.

Slide 18
Also known as "sea canaries," belugas are one of the most vocal of all whales.
The beluga is able to swim backwards.
The beluga can change the shape of its bulbous forehead, called a "melon", by blowing
air around its sinuses.
The vertebrae in a beluga’s neck is not fused together, giving it the unusual ability to
turn its head up, down and side-to-side.
Threats to beluga whales include climate change, hunting, oil and gas development,
and industrial and urban pollution. Polar bears and killer whales are known predators
of belugas throughout their Arctic range.
In 2009, a captive beluga whale rescued a distressed participant of a freediving
competition by pushing her to the surface.