Grammar reference Defining relative clauses Relative clauses give information about the subject or ‘object of 2 main clause. We begin a relative clause with a relative pronoun. ASat-Navis.a which candirect you toa computer device destination, [mainclause] [relative pronoun] _[relative clause] Relative pronouns: who, which, that, where, whose + We use who or that for people: That's the man who/that sold me his car. + We use which or that for things: A dictionary is a book which/that explains the meaning ofwords. + We use where for places: This is the place where | saw Robert for the first time. + We use whose for possession/belonging. Jessica is going out with a boy whose brother is a swimming champion. Omitting the relative pronoun We can omita relative pronoun when itis the object of a sentence: This isthe picture (which/that) Martin painted last week. I quite lke the girl (wto/thet) you have invited to the party. We cannot omit a relative pronoun when itis the subject: A scientist is a person who asks questions and tries different ways toanswer them. (we cannot omit who) Iwon't ask Hannah anything which could embarrass her. (we cannot omit which) Reduced relative clauses We can reduce relative clauses by omitting the rel pronoun (who, that or which) and the auxiliary verb be (islare/was/were): Do you know the woman whois talking to Nick? -» Do you know the woman talking to Nick? The player that was injured during the match was our best striker. -» The player injured during the match was our hee >© 2 complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use who, which, whose or where. 1 Aplayer got injured in yesterday's match. He is now in hospital. The player whe gor iiyisrodt in yesterday's pzatzh is now in hospital. 2 We were planning to use a classmate's ball for the match. He's not here. The classmate not here. 3 Mike got a present. He liked it very much. Mike gota present very much. 4 He was born in a small town. It had no football stadium. The small town had no football stadium, 5 Awoman answered the phone. She had a strange voice. The woman had a strange voice. 7 @\cross out the relative pronouns who, which or that wherever possible. 1 This is the house that our grandfather built. 2 They live in a house which looks a bit like acastle. 3. All the money that we had was stolen last night. 4 Alice is the only person that understands me. 5 Chris isthe only person who I trust. Grammar Plus: Reduced relative clauses & &®® complete the second sentence using reduced relative clauses. 1 saw a man who was wearing an FC Barcelona footballl shirt. Isawaman weenie an EC Barcelona football shit 2 The new gym that was built last year is better than the old one. The new gym is better than the old one. 3. There was a family that had five children in the park. There was a family the park. 4 Can you see the car which is coming up the road? Can you see the car. 21 oH o a o ou Formule 1; Did you know Formuss 7: et oe @%) Relative clauses Underline the correct answer. The F1 season consists of seventeen races which/who/o all take place in different countries. The’Formula'in Formula One isa set of rules where/who/o all the teams must follow. Grand Prix is a French phrase that/who/o means‘Large Prize. Silverstone, England, is the place where/who/ whosethe world’s first F1 race took place. Italian Giuseppe Farina was the man which/ who/gwon the first race. A mechanicis a person that/who/whose job is to change the tyres. Jenson Button is the driver which/whose/o most people expect to win this year.2 G® Read Grammar Plus. Then rewrite the sentences using reduced relative clauses. Et in Reduced relative clauses We can omit the relative pronoun and auxiliary verb be: The man whois sitting next to you has fallen asleep. To talk about possession and physical characteristics, we can use with instead of who or that and the auxiliary verb have: I meta girl who had beautiful blue eyes. 1 met a gil with beautiful blue eyes.1. The guy who is waiting outside is my cousin. The guy waiting outside is hig cousin. 2 London isa city which has a lot of parks. 3 | asked the woman who was sitting next to me for the time. 4 My brother is the young man who has a beard, 5 People who have tickets can go inside. 6 Passengers who are travelling on the 20.00 train should go to Platform 8.