Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Oxidacion de Acidos Grasos
Oxidacion de Acidos Grasos
(ODSURYHFKDPLHQWRGHORViFLGRVJUDVRVFRQILQHVHQHUJpWLFRVHVXQPHFDQLVPR
GHPD\RUEHQHILFLRGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGHQ~PHURGHPROpFXODVGH$73
&XDQGRODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHFDUERKLGUDWRVOOHJDDDJRWDUVHVHDFWLYDODOLSyOLVLV
SURYRFDQGR PD\RU GHJUDGDFLyQ GH 7ULJOLFpULGRV FRQ OLEHUDFLyQ GH ·FLGRV *UDVRV /L
EUHVORVFXDOHVSXHGHQOOHJDUDORVWHMLGRVFRPRVXVWUDWRVSDUDSURYHHUHQHUJtD
/D EHWDR[LGDFLyQ GH ORV iFLGRV JUDVRV HV XQ SURFHVR PLWRFRQGULDO TXH DSRUWD
$FHWLO&R$ HQ JUDQGHV FDQWLGDGHV DO FLFOR GH .UHEV \ VX PHWDEROLVPR SURYHH
JUDQFDQWLGDGGH$73HQODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWRULD
6LQRKD\FDUERKLGUDWRVGLVSRQLEOHVODβR[LGDFLyQGHORV iFLGRVJUDVRVFRQWL
Q~D$OH[FHGHUVHODFDQWLGDGGH$FHWLO&R$VREUHODFDQWLGDGGH2[DODFHWDWR
OD PLWRFRQGULD KHSiWLFD LQLFLD OD IRUPDFLyQ GH FXHUSRV FHWyQLFRV SRU QR SRGHU
VHJXLUIRUPDQGR&LWUDWR
(OPHWDEROLVPRGHORViFLGRVJUDVRVGHFDGHQDODUJDUHTXLHUHORVVLJXLHQWHVSDVRV
3ULPHUSDVRODDFWLYDFLµQGHO£FLGRJUDVR
/D HQ]LPD $FLO&R$ VLQWHWDVD
WLRFLQDVD FDWDOL]D OD FRQYHU
VLyQ GHO iFLGR JUDVR HQ VX
IRUPD DFWLYD $FLO&R$ FRQ
VXPLHQGR GRV IRVIDWRV GH DOWD
HQHUJtD
5HTXLHUH HO XVR FRPSOHPHQ
WDULR GH XQD SLURIRVIDWDVD LQ
RUJiQLFDSDUDFRQYHUWLUHO33L
Æ3L
)LJ$FWLYDFLyQGHOiFLGRJUDVR
6HJXQGRSDVRVXWUDVODGRDOLQWHULRUGHODPLWRFRQGULDSRUPHGLRGHOWUDQVSRU
WDGRUGH&DUQLWLQD
EKLGUR[LJWULPHWLO
DPRQLREXWLUDWR
6LJDODIOHFKDGHORV
FRPSRQHQWHVHQFHUUDGRVHQ
OtQHD URMD 2EVHUYH OD VH
FXHQFLDGHODVIXQFLRQHVGH
ODV HQ]LPDV SDUWLFLSDQWHV
$FLO&R$ VLQWHWDVD Æ
&DUQLWLQD SDOPLWRLO WUDQV
IHUDVD ,Æ &DUQLWLQD DFLO
FDUQLWLQD 7UDQVORFDVD Æ
&DUQLWLQD SDOPLWRLO WUDQV
IHUDVD ,, KDVWD REWHQHU
$FLO&R$ $TXt LQLFLD OD
DFWLYLGDGFtFOLFDVLJXLHQWH
%HWDR[LGDFLµQ5HDFFLµQ
$ SDUWLU GH HVWD
UHDFFLyQ RFXUULUi
XQ SURFHVR FtFOLFR
TXH UHGXFLUi OD
ORQJLWXG GHO iFLGR
JUDVR /D HQ]LPD
$FLO&R$ 'HV
KLGURJHQDVDSURYRFDODIRUPDFLyQGHHQRLO&R$TXHSRVHHXQGREOHHQODFHHQWUHORV
FDUERQRV \ OR TXH VH GHPXHVWUD FRQ HO FDPELR GH FRORU GH ORV FDUERQRV YHUGHV D
URMRVHQHVWDVIyUPXODV
2 2
__ __
5¥&+
¥&+¥&a6¥&R$ 5¥&+ &+¥&a6¥&R$
(O)$'+SURGXFLGROOHYDKLGUyJHQRVDODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWRULDSURYRFDQGRODJHQHUD
FLyQGHPROpFXODVGH$73/DILJXUDDFRQWLQXDFLyQPXHVWUDHOVLWLRGRQGHVHHQWUH
JDQORVKLGUyJHQRVDODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWRULDHQOD³SXHUWDODWHUDO´DQLYHOGHOD&RHQ]L
PD4SRUORTXHVyORSXHGHIRUPDU$73SRUFDGDSDUGHKLGUyJHQRV$SURYHFKDQGR
OD ILJXUD WDPELpQ VH REVHUYD HO VLWLR GRQGH VH HQWUHJDQ ORV KLGUyJHQRV HQ OD VHJXQGD
GHVKLGURJHQDFLyQHQOD³SXHUWDSULQFLSDO´GHSHQGLHQWHGHO1$'SRUORTXHIRUPD
$73GHVFULWDPiVDGHODQWH(VWDVUHDFFLRQHVHVWiQGHVFULWDVGHQXHYRHQODILJXUD1R
TXHGHVFULEHHQIRUPDHVSLUDOODVHFXHQFLDGHUHDFFLRQHVGHVGHFXDQGRODPROpFXOD
GHiFLGRSDOPtWLFRGHFDUERQRVHVWiFRPSOHWDKDVWDTXHVHFRQYLHUWHDOILQDOGHWR
GRHQPROpFXODVGH$FHWLO&R$
%HWDR[LGDFLµQ5HDFFLµQ
(VWD UHDFFLyQ QR WLHQH
LPSOLFDFLyQ HQ OD IRU
PDFLyQGH$73
(VXQDUHDFFLyQGH
+LGUDWDFLyQ HQ OD TXH
ORV FRPSRQHQWHV GH OD
PROpFXOD GH DJXD VRQ
DSURYHFKDGRV
2+2
___
5¥&+¥&+¥&a6¥&R$
6HGLVXHOYHHOGREOHHQODFHHQWUHORVFDUERQRV\IRUPDGRHQODUHDFFLyQDQ
WHULRU
(O+GHODJXDVHXQHDOFDUERQR
(O2+GHODJXDVHXQHDO&DUERQRIRUPDQGRHOJUXSRKLGUR[LGDQGRRUL
JHQDO/KLGUR[LDFLO&R$
%HWDR[LGDFLµQ5HDFFLµQ
(VWD UHDFFLyQ HV OD
VHJXQGD GHVKLGURJH
QDFLyQ GHO SURFHVR
GHSHQGLHQWHGH1$'
22
__ __
5¥&¥&+¥&a6¥&R$
(O FDUERQR &+2+ HV DIHFWDGR SRU OD VHJXQGD GHVKLGURJHQD
FLyQTXHORFRQYLHUWHGHODIRUPDKLGUR[LDFLO&R$DODIRUPDFHWRDFLO
&R$
6HIRUPD1$'++TXHHQODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWRULDSURYRFDODIRUPDFLyQ
GH$73
6HJXQGD GHVKLGURJHQDFLyQ TXH OOHYD HTXLYDOHQWHV UHGXFWRUHV D OD ¦SXHUWD
SULQFLSDO§ GH OD FDGHQD UHVSLUDWRULD YHU ILJXUD GH FDGHQD UHVSLUDWRULD DQWH
ULRU
%HWDR[LGDFLµQ5HDFFLµQ
2 2
__ __
5¥&+¥&+¥&a6¥&R$ &+¥&a6¥&R$
+DVWDHVWHSXQWRHOQ~PHURGHFDUERQRVGHODPROpFXODD~QFRQVHUYDHOQ~PHURGH
FDUERQRVLQLFLDO&RQODDFFLyQGHODHQ]LPD7,2/$6$RFXUUHODVHSDUDFLyQGH
FDUERQRVHQODIRUPDGH$FHWLO&R$&DGDYXHOWDGHOSURFHVRFtFOLFRHQHVWHPRPHQWR
VHUHLQLFLDHQODVLJXLHQWHFXUYDLQWHUQDGHODHVSLUDOGHODILJXUD1R
/D&R$6+VHXQHDOTXHHUDFDUERQR\ORVFDUERQRV\VRQVHSDUDGRV
RULJLQDQGRXQDPROpFXODGH$FHWLO&R$
/DFDGHQDGHFDUERQRVGHOiFLGRJUDVRTXHGDFRPR$FLO&R$FRQFDUER
QRVPHQRVGHDGHDGHD
6HUHLQLFLDHOFLFORGHODVUHDFFLRQHVDKDVWDWHUPLQDUFHUUDQGRODHVSLUDO
FDGDYH]PiV(QOD~OWLPDYXHOWDVHIRUPDQPROpFXODVGH$FHWLO&R$
)LJ%HWDR[LGDFLµQVHGHEHVHJXLUODVHFXHQFLDGHUHDFFLRQHVGHODVHQ]LPDVVLJXLHQ
GRODHVSLUDOGHVGHHO$FLO&R$GHFDUERQRV(QFDGDYXHOWDVHIRUPD$FHWLO&R$IOH
FKDVD]XOHV
(QHUJpWLFDGHOD%HWD2[LGDFLyQGHOiFLGR3DOPtWLFRFDUERQRV
6HFRQVXPHQHQODFHVGHDOWDHQHUJtDHQODDFWLYDFLyQGHOiFLGRJUDVR
/DVGHVKLGURJHQDFLRQHVGHSHQGLHQWHVGH)$'SURGXFHQ$73HQOD&DGH
QD5HVSLUDWRULD
/DVGHVKLGURJHQDFLRQHVGHSHQGLHQWHVGH1$'SURGXFHQ$73HQOD&DGH
QD5HVSLUDWRULDDFXPXODQGR$73
&DGD$FHWLO&R$SURGXFH$73HQHO&LFORGH.UHEV[ $73
/DSURGXFFLyQWRWDOHV\QHWDHV$73
&HWRJpQHVLVIXQFLyQKHSiWLFDPLWRFRQGULDO
6H LQLFLD FXDQGR HQ OD PLWRFRQGULD OD FDQWLGDG GH $FHWLO&R$ H[FHGH D OD GH
2[DODFHWDWRHQODSULPHUDUHDFFLyQGHOFLFORGH.UHEV
&DXVDV IDOWDGHGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHFDUERKLGUDWRV
XWLOL]DFLyQGHUHVHUYDVGHJUDVD
&RQGLFLRQHVGHWHUPLQDQWHV
,QDQLFLyQ'LDEHWHVPHOOLWXV&RQVXPRH[FHVLYRGHJUDVDV
)LJ6LHQODPLWRFRQGULDKHSiWLFD\DKD\GHVSURSRUFLyQHQWUHODFDQWLGDGGH$FHWLO&R$\GH2[DODFHWDWRHO
H[FHVRGH$FHWLO&R$HPSLH]DDXVDUVHSRUODHQ]LPD7LRODVDHQVHQWLGRLQYHUVRFRQGHQVDQGRGRVPROpFXODVGH
$FHWLO&R$SDUDIRUPDXQDPROpFXODGH$FHWRDFHWLO&R$\GLULJLUODKDFLDODVtQWHVLVGH+LGUR[LPHWLOJOXWDULO&R$
+0*&R$$OPLVPRWLHPSRFXDQGRODEHWDR[LGDFLyQGHORViFLGRVJUDVRVOOHJyDOD~OWLPDYXHOWDHOiFLGRJUDVR
GHFDUERQRVTXHLQLFLDHOSURFHVRHVHO$FHWRDFHWLO&R$(QHVWHSXQWR\DQRVLJXHVXFXUVRQRUPDOVLQRTXHVH
GHVYtDWDPELpQKDFLDODIRUPDFLyQGHFXHUSRVFHWyQLFRV
/DVREUHFDUJDGH$FHWLO&R$TXHHQHOKtJDGRHVGHVYLDGDKDFLDOD&(72*e
1(6,6 UHTXLHUH OD IXQFLyQ VHFXHQFLDO GH ODV HQ]LPDV 7,2/$6$ TXH FRQGHQVD GRV
$FHWLO&R$SDUDIRUPDU$FHWRDFHWLO&R$+0*&R$6LQWDVDTXHFRQGHQVDXQD$FH
WLO&R$ PiV DO $FHWRDFHWLO&R$ SDUD IRUPDU +LGUR[L0HWLOJOXWDULO&R$ +0*
&R$/LDVDTXHVHSDUDXQDPROpFXODGH$FHWLO&R$\SURGXFH$FHWRDFHWDWRHOSULPH
UR GH ORV FXHUSRV FHWyQLFRV \ E+LGUR[L%XWLUDWR 'HVKLGURJHQDVD IRUPDGRUD GH E
+LGUR[L%XWLUDWR HO VHJXQGR FXHUSR FHWyQLFR 3RU GHVFDUER[LODFLyQ HVSRQWiQHD GHO
DFHWRDFHWDWR VH IRUPD $FHWRQD HO WHUFHU FXHUSR FHWyQLFR TXH SRU VHU PX\ YROiWLO HV
UHVSRQVDEOHGHODOLHQWRFHWyQLFRHVSHFtILFRGHORVSDFLHQWHVGLDEpWLFRVHQFHWRVLVRFH
WRDFLGRVLV
$HVWDVDOWXUDVGHOPRPHQWRPHWDEyOLFRODFHWRJpQHVLVIXHLPSXOVDGDSDUDSUR
YHHU PDWHULD SULPD DO PHWDEROLVPR HQHUJpWLFR GH ORV WHMLGRV H[WUDKHSiWLFRV TXH SRU OD
DXVHQFLDGHJOXFRVDUHTXLHUHIXHQWHVGHFDUERQRGLIHUHQWHVSDUDJHQHUDU$73
8WLOL]DFLyQGHORVFXHUSRVFHWyQLFRVHQWHMLGRVH[WUDKHSiWLFRV
/RV FXHUSRV FHWyQLFRV VRQ XWLOL]DGRV SRU ORV WHMLGRV H[WUDKHSiWLFRV SDUD REWHQHU
HQHUJtDHQIRUPDLQPHGLDWDOOHYiQGRORVFRPR$FHWLO&R$DO&LFORGH.UHEV
(OEHWDKLGUR[LEXWLUDWR\HODFHWRDFHWDWRGDQRULJHQDPROpFXODVGH$FH
WLO&R$
(O DSURYHFKDPLHQWR GH ODV PROpFXODV GH $FHWLO&R$ HQ HO &LFOR GH .UHEV
SURGXFH HTXLYDOHQWHVUHGXFWRUHVTXHJHQHUDQ$73HQODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWR
ULD\JDUDQWL]DTXHODVIXQFLRQHVJHQHUDOHVGHODVFpOXODVVHDQFXPSOLGDVVDWLV
IDFWRULDPHQWH
)LJ /DV GRV IOHFKD D]XOHV SXHGHQ UHSUHVHQWDU HO SXQWR GH LQLFLR GHO PHWDEROLVPR GH XQD PROpFXOD GH EHWD
KLGUR[LEXWLUDWRR$FHWRDFHWDWR/DSURGXFFLyQGH$73HVPD\RUVLHPSH]DPRVHQEHWDKLGUR[LEXWLUDWRSRUTXHOD
SURGXFFLyQ GH 1$'+ + SXHGH OOHYDU HTXLYDOHQWHV UHGXFWRUHV D OD PLWRFRQGULD &DGD PROpFXOD GH $FHWLO&R$
SURGXFLUiHTXLYDOHQWHVUHGXFWRUHVSDUDODFDGHQDUHVSLUDWRULD(O&LFORGH.UHEVIXQFLRQDUiYHFHV
/D SURGXFFLyQ GH FXHUSRV FHWyQLFRV QR VH SRGUi GHWHQHU PLHQWUDV SHUVLVWD OD
GHVSURSRUFLyQ KGH$FHWLO&R$ÅÆ LGH2[DODFHWDWR/DFDQWLGDGGHPROpFX
ODVGHDFHWRQDDFHWRDFHWDWR\EHWDKLGUR[LEXWLUDWRDXPHQWDUiDFDGDPRPHQWR
\PLHQWUDVODFDSDFLGDGGHXWLOL]DUORVHQORVWHMLGRVH[WUDKHSiWLFRVVHDFRP
SOHWDVHUiQQRWDEOHVORVHIHFWRV%(1e),&26VLQTXHVHGHEDQFRQVLGHUDU
D~QORVHIHFWRVSHUMXGLFLDOHV/DFLIUDHQSODVPDHQTXHVHVXSHUDODFDSD
FLGDGGHXWLOL]DFLyQGHORVFXHUSRVFHWyQLFRVHQORVWHMLGRVHVWiDOUHGHGRUGH
ORVPJGO0LHQWUDVODSURGXFFLyQD~QWDQH[FHVLYDVHDDSURYHFKDGDHQORV
WHMLGRVH[WUDKHSiWLFRVGHILQLWLYDPHQWHHQXQDJUDQLQWHQVLGDGQRVHUiQRWDEOH
QLQJ~QHIHFWRSHUMXGLFLDO
$O H[FHGHUVH OD SURGXFFLyQ OOHYDQGR ODV FLIUDV GH FXHUSRV FHWyQLFRV HQ
SODVPD PX\ SRU HQFLPD GH OD WDVD GH XWLOL]DFLyQ PHWDEyOLFD GH ORV WHMLGRV
H[WUDKHSiWLFRV VH DFXPXODQ HQ HO SODVPD OR TXH FRQOOHYD D OD FRQGLFLyQ GH
&(726,6FXDQGRODFLIUDGHFXHUSRVFHWyQLFRVHQVDQJUH\RULQDVXSHUDORVYD
ORUHVQRUPDOHVQRPiVGHPJGOHQVDQJUH\GHPJGOHQRULQDGHKRUDV
(O EHWDKLGUR[LEXWLUDWR SUHGRPLQD HQ VX FRQFHQWUDFLyQ HQ D DO $FH
WRDFHWDWR3RUVXQDWXUDOH]DGHiFLGRVGRQDGRUHVGH+SURYRFDQTXHJUD
GXDOPHQWHVHYD\DHOHYDQGRODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH+
(ODXPHQWRGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGH+RULJLQDGHVFHQVRGHODFLIUDGHS+
6L OD FLIUD GH S+ QRUPDO D GHVFLHQGH HVWDPRV HQ FRQGLFLyQ GH
ULHVJR VHUi HO SULQFLSLR GH XQ HVWDGR GH &(72$&,'26,6 DFLGRVLV PHWD
EyOLFD48('(%(6(575$7$'2'((0(5*(1&,$
1RWD
(VWDOHFWXUDHVXQFRPSOHPHQWRDVXHVWXGLR1RVXVWLWX\HDVXWH[WREiVLFRSDUDODHYD
OXDFLyQGHOWHPD
%LEOLRJUDItD+$53(5%LRTXtPLFDLOXVWUDGD0XUUD\*UDQQHU0D\HV\5RGZHOO
(GLFLyQ (GLWRULDO0DQXDO0RGHUQR