2)

Not Necessary: Drawer (1996 and 2011

Bar) -
(i)
Where the drawer and drawee are the
same person;
(il)
When the drawee is a fictitious person
or a person not having capacity to
contract;
Gif) When the drawer is the person to
whom the instrument is presented for
payment;
(iv) Where the drawer has no right to expect
or require that the drawee or acceptor
will honor the instrument; and
(v)
Where the drawer has countermanded
payment.
Not necessary: Indorser (2011 Bar)
(i)
When the drawee is a fictitious person
or person not having capacity to
contract, and the indorser was aware
of that fact a the time he indorsed the
(¡i)
Where the indorser is the person to
whom the instrument is presented for
payment; and
(ini)
Where the instrument was made or
accepted for his accommodation.
15.07. PROTEST
Protest is a formal declaration, drawn and signed
by a notary, that the foreign bill has been presented
for acceptance or payment and that the acceptance or
payment is refused.
a)
When protest is NECESSARY?
1)
If a foreign bill has been dishonored by non-
acceptance (Sec. 152, NIL);