(a) If the bill is dishonored upon pre-

sentment for payment.

(b)
Notice of dishonor must be given
to person secondarily liable.
(in)
If the bill is a foreign bill, protest for
dishonor by non-payment
must be
made.
Steps to Charge Acceptor for Honor and Referee
in case of Need
1)
Protest for non-payment by the drawee (Sec.
165).
15.03.
RULES ON PRESENTMENT FOR PAYMENT
a)
WHEN NOT NECESSARY
Presentment for payment is not necessary to
charge persons primarily liable. But it is necessary
to charge persons secondarily liable, except:
1)
as to drawer, under Section 79, where he has
no right to expect or require that the drawee
or acceptor will pay the instrument;
2)
as to indorser, under Section 80, where the
instrument was made or accepted for his
accommodation and he has no reason to
expect that the instrument will be paid if
presented (2011 Bar);
3)
when dispensed with under Section 82, such
as: (i) where, after the exercise of reasonable
diligence, presentment cannot be made; (ii)
where the drawee is a fictitious person; and
(ili) by waiver of presentment, express or
implied; and
b)
4)
when the instrument has been dishonored
by non-acceptance.
REQUISITES
1)
Presentment must be by the holder, or by
some person authorized to receive payment
on his behalf.