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考点21 阅读理解主旨大意题-备战2020年浙江新高考英语考点一遍过
考点21 阅读理解主旨大意题-备战2020年浙江新高考英语考点一遍过
考点21 阅读理解主旨大意题-备战2020年浙江新高考英语考点一遍过
获取语篇的大意,并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信
息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时,能够提炼文章的中心情节,体会作者的主要意图,充分运用逻辑概括
能力,透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中,针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下:
(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.
(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
从上述命题形式可以看出,此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类,即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心
思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。
怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意
——主题句定位法
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子,段落围绕着中心思想展开,而段落的中心思
想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是:通过分析篇章结构,找出每小
段的主题句,通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要
表达的中心思想,文章的主题句通常都有一个话题,它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效
的方法。
但是由于文章的不同,表现的手法也各有不同,主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下,
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尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时,根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主
题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况:开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。
因此,仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法 (skimming),浏览时,
一般不需逐句细读,只选读文章的首段、尾段,或每段的首句和尾句,重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现,有以下五种情况:
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见
的演绎法写作方式,即由一般到特殊,先提出观点,后举例论证,主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”,“导语”实际上就是主题句,
是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
(2018·新课标卷 I)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there
has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly
knit ( 联 系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts
believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too
became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-
state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the
past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The
general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones
have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000.
Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over
800. The median number( 中位 数 ) of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡), with only a few elderly
speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan
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Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【答案】C
years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知,语言的产生和消失进
行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多。故选 C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后,归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式,
即细节表述的句子在前,概括性的句子居后,主题句则常位于末段。
The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she
pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her
hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.
Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the
Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster(a frightening animal), and helped to
show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.
Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain gorillas in the
wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by
Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two
photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below
it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. The
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words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive( 破坏性的) on earth.
【答案】C
段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因;最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺
垫的,从最后一段的“It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.”可知,最主要的目的还
是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常,
前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrosse( 曲棍球 ) is a popular sport in Canada . The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for
war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal.
The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “cross”. The player hit a ball
into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball
at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
B. Lacrosse in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”,显然选项 D 最符合短文的主题。
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4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中,没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章,就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析,概括出段落的主题,从而推导出文章的主旨。
分析的方法是,先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,然后加以归纳
形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【2019·全国卷 II,C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she
waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast
alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book.
Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too
often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the
shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he
can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to
have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s
a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have
felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us
company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie
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【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示,很大比例的人选择独自用餐,原因很多,比如逃离工作氛
围,或者反思自己,但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
31. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示,很大比例的人选择独自用餐,原因很多,比如逃离工
作氛围,或者反思自己,但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势,故选 A。
4. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步
的解释、支撑或发展。
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates
each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better
attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend
the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the
sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following
another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful
traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.
On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair
is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.
...
D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival
【答案】A
开幕式上的活动。答案选 A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
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——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察,不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现,而且也可以用选择
或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此,选择文章标题,首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式,先弄清文章的主
旨大意,再定标题。
标题位于文章之首,用来高度概括文章内容,点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。
标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容,抓住文章的中心,把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选
择文章的标题呢?
首先,要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容,体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况:①概括不够(多表现为部分代整体,从而导致范围太小);②过
度概括(多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥);③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次,要考虑标题的针对性,即标题范围要恰当,针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上,
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大,也不能太小,太大则中心就不突出,
太小也发挥不了应起的作用;精确度高,不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语,
也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性,标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖,标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂
和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性,读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般
比较醒目,甚至比较离奇,以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意,要恰当地选好标题,还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来,拟定标题是以话题为
核心,与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句
为:CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18 th
2004 in Beijing.
话题:Stamps
控制性概念:CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names
annually by the environmental advocacy(支持,拥护) group, Global Footprint Network(GFN), it is the day when
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human has consumed all the natural resources — produce, meat, fish, water, and wood — that our planet can
regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that for the rest of 2016, we will be using natural resources that are
impossible to replace.
For those that are a little confused, it is similar to spending your entire year’s allowance by August and then
borrowing money from friends, knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan. GFN says that the same thing
The date of Earth Overshoot Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable world, we should only spend
what we have. This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December 31, or perhaps even spill into the
following year, indicating that we are saving some resources for a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we
Unfortunately, the day has been going up rapidly since 2014 when it fell on August 19. In 2015, it was August
13, and this year, the earliest so far — August 8! The only way to sustain this demand would be to have 1.6 earths,
Fortunately, experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds. Many countries are already taking steps
to reduce carbon emissions, which accounts for 60% of our ecological footprint, by switching to solar or wind-
generated power.
Individuals can also help by eating less meat, walking, biking, or taking public transportation, as well as
adopting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all work together, we can help push back Earth
Overshoot Day,作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】A
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题组一(2019 年高考真题)
Passage 1(2019·天津卷,B)
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with
books. There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say, "I can’t believe what’s printed in the
newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom
and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend
to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It
seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many
doors. When mom said, "The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in
reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more
Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to
make A’s on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading. I
liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find
myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and
mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I don’t have to write
down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my
life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are
limitless.
41. Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom’s hands?
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C. She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart.
42. According to Paragraph 3, the author’s reading of road signs indicates ___________.
Passage2(2019·新课标卷 I,D)
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to
keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and
cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology
sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others
qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed
ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who
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were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the
most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens
had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly
showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,
kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research,Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to
positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms( 微 生 物 ) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
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week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not
just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a
solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than’Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end
of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These
kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his
students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
Passage 4(2019·北京卷,C)
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they
don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity
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of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers
from getting through. Unfortunately ,it’s too little ,too late. By the time these “solutions"( 解决方案 ) become
widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future ,it’s not just going to be the
number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing
is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理) and automation technologies that are
about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year’s I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice
technology able to produce such a convincing human — sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that
robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal
information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother ’s name, and far more. Armed with
this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for
example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that
sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, ricking you into "confirming " your address , mother’s name , and card
number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the
phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken
that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work
together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform
way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether
and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to
your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?
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A. Honesty is the best policy.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
题组二(2018 年高考真题)
Passage 1(2018·新课标卷 I,B)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking
up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home,
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she
explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar
and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food
ourselves. "
The eight-part series( 系 列 节 目 ), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:
Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each
week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.
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A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us,
deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely
that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and
unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.
Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if
it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease( 润 滑 剂 ) for social communication, says Bernardo
Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. " Almost every great love
story and each big business deal begins with small talk, " he explains. " The key to successful small talk is
learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into
a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction( 互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when
necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive
feelings and a better coffee shop experience. " It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your
husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our
well-being also."
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond
with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis
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A. Addiction to smartphones.
34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these
places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for
example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually
from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from
nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness( 荒野). But gold was discovered
there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for
gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson
was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path,
killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first
20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very
expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with
disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in
Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the
Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich.
26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food.
Passage 4(2018·北京卷,A)
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then
hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was "not athletic".
The idea that I was "not athletic " stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized
running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start
I wanted!
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the
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I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a
"marathon winner".
36. A month before the marathon, the author _________.
A. was well trained B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
题组三(2017 年高考真题)
Passage 1(2017·新课标卷 I,B)
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first
annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying( 联合)
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to
widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter
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Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand
that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.
“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way
Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put
it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the
recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on
how talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our
emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to
29. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
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Passage 2(2017·新课标 II 卷,C)
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to
its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transition — has two seats, four
wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight
minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank
of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those
numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto
Show. But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost $279,000.And it won’t help if
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry
expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The gove rnment
has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is
now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a
separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia
says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a
B. It is difficult to operate.
C. It is very expensive.
30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
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A. Cautious B. Favorable.
C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
Passage 3(2017·天津卷)
This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous
vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in
The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area
between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property( 财产 ) damage over personal injury; that it
never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the
driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully
Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers.
“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be
But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless
cars’, people expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated
without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at
Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless
That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars
and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
46. What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
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A. A place where cars often break down.
A. Singapore B. the UK
C. the US D. Germany
题组四(名校模拟题)
Passage 1(湖南省长沙市雅礼中学 2019 届高三一模)
Laughter is part of the universal human vocabulary. All members of the human species understand it. Unlike
English or French or Swahili, we don’t have to learn to speak it. We’re born with the capacity to laugh.
Very little is known about the specific brain mechanisms responsible for laughter. Contrary to folk wisdom,
most laughter is not about humor; it is about relationships. To find out when and why people laugh, I went with
several assistants to local malls and recorded what happened just before people laughed. Over a 10-year period, we
We found that most laughter does not necessarily follow jokes. People may laugh after a variety of statements,
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such as, “Here comes Mary,” “How did you do on the test?” or “Do you have a rubber band?” These certainly
aren’t jokes.
We believe laughter evolved from the panting( 喘 气 的 ) behavior of our ancient ancestors. Today, if we
tickle( 使 发 痒 ) chimps, they don’t laugh. But, instead, they produce a panting sound. That’s the sound of ape
Apes laugh in the kinds of situations that lead to human laughter, like games that involve chasing. Other
animals produce sounds during play, but they are so different from laughter. Rats, for example, produce high sounds
during play and when tickled, but these are very different in sound from human laughter.
Laughter is often positive, but it can be negative too. There’s a difference between “laughing with” and
“laughing at”. People who laugh at others may be trying to drive them out of the group.
No one has actually counted how much people of different ages laugh, but young children probably laugh the
most. At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times. Adults laugh less than children, probably
Work now underway will tell us more about the brain mechanisms behind laughter, how it has evolved, and
D. The situations in which apes laugh are very different from those in which humans laugh.
3. What does the underlined word “susceptible” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Flexible.
C. Addictive. D. Reliable.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
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Passage 2(武汉第二中学 2019 届高三五月全仿真模拟)
Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered
cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless
about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it. Aside from the new folks who have
their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators( 发 电 机 ). Generators are fueled by
something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and
geothermal(地热) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just because the coal is burned
somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes— “If I can’t see it,
it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in
it. But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that
energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you
as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes or
geothermal, or hydro or wind or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And
finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all
the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are too concentrated, but it takes a lot
2. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run.
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A. are more environmentally friendly
C. are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated
D. are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill
B. electric cars are the dominant vehicles compared with their gas-powered cousins
D. electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something
Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to
accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common
way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all,
you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example, a politician who is trying
to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These
words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal
charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more
Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if
you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply
Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So,
the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some
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2. What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
James Gross, a psychology professor at Stanford University, has a 13-year-old daughter who loves math and
science. “It hasn’t occurred to her yet that’s unusual,” he says. “But I know in the next couple of years, it will.”
She’s already being pulled out of class to do advanced things with a couple of other kids, who are guys. And as
someone who studies human emotion for a procession, Gross says, “I know as time goes on, she will feel
increasingly lonely as a girl who’s interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life
Gross’ concern clearly shows what has been a touchy subject in the world of science for a long time: Why are
there still so few women in science, and how might that affect what we learn from research?
Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, and by
some estimates represent the largest single economic force in the world. Yet the gender gap in science persists, to a
greater degree than in other professions, particularly in high-end, math-intensive fields such as computer science
and engineering.
According to US Census Bureau statistics, women in fields commonly referred to as STEM (science,
technology, engineering, mathematics) made up 7 percent of that workforce in 1970, a figure that had jumped to 23
percent by 1990. But the rise essentially stopped there. Two decades later, in 2011, women made up 26 percent of
1. According to James Gross, in the near future his daughter may _________.
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D. learn math and science better and better
D. the number of women graduating from college is larger than that of men
题组一
Passage 1
【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文,作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
41. B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段主题句 I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.和 Hearing mom
say … made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself 可知,作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者
抢过妈妈读的报纸,因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容,故选 B。
42. D
everything,可以推断出,让妈妈开车开慢一点,他能够读出所有路标,正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了
他的好奇心,想要了解周围的一切,故选 D。
43. C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was
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读,读书是为了获取知识,考试得 A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息,故选 C。
44. D
wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.( 打开一本
小说,我可以摆脱我的负担,进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界,我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上,我可
以成为任何人。) 可知,阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去,故选 D。
45. C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据上下文可知,作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟,伴着阅读成长,
故选项 C 符合题意。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明,对别人好,讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深
远的有益影响。
32. C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段 During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and
这让我保持了高高的社会地位。)由此推断出,作者在小学早期时,是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind 不友善的;
33. A
【 解 析 】 段 落 大 意 题 。 第 二 段 Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two
categories: the likable and the status seekers.(临床心理学教授 Mitch Prinstein 将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜
本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类,故选 A。
34. B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment (它清
的孩子适应性更强,故选 B。
35. A
【解析】标题归纳题。通过阅读全文内容,尤其是最后一段,可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎,讨人喜欢对
人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项 A“对别人好——最终,你的收获无穷无尽”一致,故选
A。
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Passage 3
细菌这一技术,把空间技术与带进课堂,与学校教育相结合,从而最终影响到大学入学。
32. A
form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours
在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长,宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其
33. D
engineers. Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,...”可知,Hunch 旨在把
后一段中的“Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,...”可知,学生每天
都给 NASA 的工程师发邮件一起探讨(如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术)这个问题。由此可推断出
34. A
【 解 析 】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 的 “ I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the
year ,present it to NASA, ”“Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and ...It’s not a very nice thing
选项可知 A 项符合题意,故选 A。
35. B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头,引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——
划里,学生们通过 homework(制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品)探索无疆的太空,因此“太空:最
后的功课疆域”最适合作文章的标题。故选 B。
Passage 4
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操
作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
38. D
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【解析】观点态度题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting
and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.
Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will
序和方法,认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是,我们的努力太少了,也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广
泛使用的时候,骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知,作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不
了什么作用,因此作者感到很“失望”。故 D 选项正确。
39. A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount
than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily
learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted
campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a
familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into
数量有关,不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况:骗子可以轻易地知
道你母亲的名字,甚至更多。有了这些知识,他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知,
利用这种新的技术,欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故 A 选项正确。
40. B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声
音,它可以和接待员进行交谈,进行预订。由此可知,这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知,
欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知,这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用,也可能为坏
人所利用,产生不好的作用,因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故 B 选项正确。
41. C
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段提到:robocalls(机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话)在未来变
得会越来越严重,不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑,而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是
真的。第二段介绍原因:语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音
操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。
综上,文章第一段点明文章中心:机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开
的。故 C 选项适合作标题。
题组二
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Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目,给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费
以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道 Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling
guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role 可知,她开辟了一个新的
节目。故选 B。
25. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的 In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each
week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing
recipes for under £5 per family a day.可知, Susanna 在 Matt Tebbutt 的帮助下,提供如何减少食物浪费
of 和 help。
26. C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的 which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast
range of health products on the market.可知,Save Money: Good Food 节目是 Save Money: Good Health
节目之后,给观众一些建议:如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选 C。
27. D 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知,文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。
且有营养的饭菜; how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. 如何
食谱。可以推知 D 正确。
Passage 2
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会,人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机,或与不舒服的沉默
抗争,陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的,闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少
的部分,而且也有很多好处。
32. C 【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是:第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合(比如在电梯里,在银行
排队,或在飞机上)人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机,或者更糟糕的是,与不舒服的沉默抗争。
后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate
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with them”(成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流,而不仅仅是与他们沟通。)由此推断 C 符合
项意为:做商业交易。故选 B。
34. D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是:咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知,
那些与服务员聊天的人,有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知,D 项符合题意。A 项
重要。D 项意为:闲聊让人感觉很好。故选 D。
35. C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象(公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机,陌生人
之间缺乏沟通交流),接着分析了这一问题的原因,接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究,最后得出结
好处。D 项意为:不舒服的沉默。故选 C。
Passage 3
24. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like
a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to
communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson
River.可知,人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便,便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附
近的一个大港口,故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置,故 C 正确。
25. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got
rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知,在最初挖黄金的两万人中有
26. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in
Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知,人们离开 Dawson 的主要原因是听说
了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,所以全文围绕
Passage 4
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松,凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励
志故事。
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36. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句 Yet, I was determined to go ahead. 可知,马拉松赛前
一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短,但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选 C。
37. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was "not
athletic"可知,作者提到 7 年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选 C。
38. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第 10 段 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a
medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. 可知,作者坚持到
了最后,而且得到了一块奖牌,虽然不是第一名,由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选 A。
to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a
"marathon winner".可知,作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选 B。
题组三
Passage 1
【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度,UNESCO 把 4 月 30 日定为国际爵士日,然而这一
也应该不断进步。
28. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its
人们重视爵士乐,意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能,也就是为了让
人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选 D。
29. C【解析】推理判断题。根据前文 Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to
shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations 可知尽管 UNESCO 为
爵士乐设了纪念日,但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少,并且年龄在老化,爵士乐没能将年轻一代人
连接起来。再结合 It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(是 Jason Moran 的工作是帮助改变那一情
30. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的 The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.
It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same 可知 Moran 认为现在爵士乐
时代的发展,爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选 C。
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但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步,否则它将失去对人们的吸引力,因此
本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来,故选 A。
Passage 2
年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。
28. A 【解析】段落大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transition – has two seats wheels and wings that fold
up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can
reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5
gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.”可知选 A。
29. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways. It’s expected to cost
30. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“he government has already permitted the company to use special materials
to
make it easier for the vehicle to fly” 以 及 “ Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation
Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraf” 可知,
政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选 B。
31. D 【解析】标题归纳题。浏览全文,主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的
设想至今成为现实展开说明。故选 D。
Passage 3
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提
议,引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46. D 【解析】根据第二段的句子 the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could
47. B 【 解 析 】 根 据 第 二 段 内 容 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of
autonomous vehicles…可知选 B。
48. D 【解析】根据第六、七、八段内容可知选 D。
49. C 【解析】根据最后一段 That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government
would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here, ” says
Calo.可知选 C。
50. A 【解析】通读全文可以知道,本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选 A。
题组四
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Passage 1
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。笑容是世上最通用的语言,笑容是世上最温暖的语言。本文探讨了
人类为什么笑这个话题。
1. B
人类什么时候以及为什么会笑。故 B 项正确。
2. A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的 At ages 5 and 6 we probably laugh more than at any other times.
Adults laugh less than children, probably because they play less.可知,玩得多的人笑得多。A 项正确。
3. A
A。
4. C
【解析】主旨大意题。笑容是世上最通用的语言,笑容是世上最温暖的语言,本文探讨了人类为什么而笑
这个问题。故 C 项为最佳标题。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。电动车真的没有污染吗?通过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这
样的,电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染,因为它所使用的电,仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来
实现的。
1. A 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句 Electric cars are dirty. In fact,not only are they dirty,they
might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. 说明电动车一点也不环保。故 A 正确。
2. C 【解析】细节理解题 。根据第四段的 A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you
get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far.一加仑汽油可能使你的汽车行驶 25 英里. 但是
你从那加仑汽油中得到的电力不会让你的车行那么远。故选 C。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章 A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get
from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far- so electric cars bum more fuel than gasoline-powered
ones,可知电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多,故选 B。
4. D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知电动车所需要的电能,是需要通过燃烧煤炭等自然资
源的,所以电动车并不如人们所认为的那样清洁无污染。故 D 正确。
Passage 3
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术,其中包括
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ethos、pathos、logos 三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。
选 A。
trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much
audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from aterrible war. ”和最后一句
“ Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the
可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票,动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图
片是为了让观众感到可怜,更可能捐款。因此可知,政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听
众支持他们。故选 C。
4. B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知,文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术,包括 ethos、pathos、logos 三
中不同的方式,以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断 B 项“说服的三种基本方式”
为最佳标题,概况了文章中心主旨。故选 B。
Passage 4
【文章大意】主旨大意:主要讲述在现代社会,女性越来优秀,但在一些领域男女仍比例失调严重,
男性占多数。
1. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a
girl who’s interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life before finding out
越少。故选 B。
more college and graduate degrees than men, and by some estimates represent the largest single economic
3. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提到的三个时间点可以判断,此段是根据时间顺序来发展的。
故选 C。
4. A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述在现代社会,女性越来优秀,但在科学领域男女仍比例失调严重,
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男性占多数。故选 A。
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