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    Юлия Гончар
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    Gaevyi Md Gaevaia Lm Farmakologiia s Retsepturoi

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    14 views380 pages

    Gaevyi MD Gaevaia LM Farmakologiia S Retsepturoi

    Uploaded by

    Юлия Гончар

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    CPEQHEE MPO@ECCKOHAJIBHOE OBPASOBAHNE M.Q. FAEBbIM, J1.M. TAEBAA @APMAKONIO‘A C PEL|ENTYPOI PekomexqoBaHo TOY BNO «Mockosckan MequumHckan akagemna uMeHH ULM. CeyeHosa» B KavecTBe yeGHHka ANA cTypeHTOB yypexqeHnit ‘cpequero npocbeccmonanbHoro oGpasosanna, O6yYarolHXcA No AMCUMMTMHE «apmakonorns» no cheyManbHoctam «Dapmauma» u «CecTpHHckoe eno» Peractpayvonnbli HOMep peyeHannt Ne 74 oT 14 anpens 2009 r. OTY «OUPO» Aecamoe u3danue, cmepeomunvoe KHOPYC » MOCKBA « 2014 Knorusfhiedia SNeKTPOHHbie BEPCHH KHHT YAK 615.0(075.32) BBK 52.81723 T13 Penensenret: TL.B. Ceprees, saneayrouit Katpeapoit papmakoaorun Monexysapnoii 6Hosorst Pe icKoro rocyfapcTBentiorog MesuNUTCKOrO yuunepcrrera, akanemnk PAMH, upord., B.T. Kykee, aanejyrouuii xacpenpoii iatmuecxoii (papmakoaornu Mockoscxoii rocy- Aaperbenuoll MeAHUHNCKOH akapeninn tm. H1.M. Ceucuona, akatemun PAM H, npop. Taespiii M.7I. T1i3 @apmakosorua c peuentypoii : ye6unK / M.A. Taesuiii, JILM. Taesas. — 10-e naa,., crep. — M.: KHOPYC, 2014. — 384 ¢. — (Cpeanee nporeccuo- HasibHoe o6pasoBanue), ISBN 978-5-406-03627-3 Hanwcai 8 coorsetersui c nporpammoii BY HMLL (2002). Hapsny c ponpocann o6utelt 4 YactHoi (bapMakosorHn mperctapnentt kKpatkuve cpejciina 0 6onesusx, We- OGXOAMMbIE JUI8 HOTtMalHA RetiCTBHA JieKapcTB Na opranH3am. Onicaiiie (papmaxo.10- TIMeCKHX cHolicTa KaxKAO! rpPyHNbl AcKApCTReHNX BeRLeCTE saKatunBaeTCs CIMCKOM Upenaparop, Kpatkoli ux xapakTepHeTHKOll H yKasaHtHeM BUICIIHX pa3zOBLIX Ht cYTOUNLIX AO3, TIPHMEPAMAT PelCHTOB. Tacke HIAOKeHb OCHOBIIE MPHIL Teparinit OCTPbIX oTpaBacnnii dapMakosorHuecKHMH cpezcTBaMn, B pasacne «Penentypa> Aatibl npa- Bila BHUTICIBaNHs perentTrou Ha pasAM4tibIe AeKapcTBa. Coorsetctayet Deaepanbnomy Focyaapcrsciomy oGpasonaTenbromy craijapty cpe;utero nporpeccHonaabioro obpasonania Tperbero toKosenna. Alas yuauuxca meOuyuncrux u bapmayeemuveckux Konnedueii. YAK 615.0(075.32) BBK 52.819723 Tacpotit Muxann J[Marpnesns Taepas Jlioamiia Muxalinonia @APMAKOJIO“MA C PEWENTYPOK Cepribitcar coornererans Ne POCC RU. AES1, H 16509 or 18.06.2013. Han. Ne 7312. Noauicano s nevate 25.11.2013, opmar 60x90/16, Tapnutrypa +PetersburgC». Yen. nes, 24,0, Yaa. at. 19,83, Tapa 2000 a3. Saxas Ne 4859 000 «knoPyes. 127015, Mockna, yor. Honoauirponckan, a. 5a, erp. 1. Ten.: 8-495-74 1-46-28, E-mail: office@knorus.ru_hLtp://wwwknorus.ru Orneyaraiio cnoco6om ponesolt crpyHHot neuaTH 8 OAO «Mlepsaa O6pasuosas THnorpabHan uanan «Yexoscknii Mesarueii sop» 142300, Mockopckaa oGnacts, 1. Yexon, yn. Tlosurpapuctos, a. I attr: www.chpd.ru, E-mail: sales@chpd.ru, 8(495)988-63-76, t/tp. 8(496)726-54-10 © Taesptit M.JL,, Taenan JIM., 2014 ISBN 978-5-406-03627-3 © 000 «KuoPyc», 2014 COfEPKAHME TIpeaHcnosHe ...........0. 9 Pasden I. Buepeune ......... 11 Tipeamer u 3agauu apmakonorun ........ 12 Kparknit ucropHyecknii ovepK pasBuTHa orevecTBeHHO!t cbapMakonorun ... a 12 Vcrounnkn nonyyenus “nexapcrBenitulx | peutecrs W MYTH MSbICKAHMA HOBBIX CKAPCTBEHHBIX CPACTB wien 14 Pasden I. Peventypa .. - . . 17 Tema 1. Jlexapcrsennpie Beuectsa, cpeactBa, chops, mpenapatsi. @apmaxones. Peuent. Antexa Co 18 Baxknettimue o6uenpunatsie peuentyprbie coxpamtenns 21 Jlexapcrsennpie bopmb: ...... cesses 23 Tema 2. Taepapie seKkapcrBenntte OpMi .... 23 Tema 3. Markne nexapcrpenuste (popMbt ...... 29 Tema 4. Kupxue nexapcrpenunie opm .. 34 Tema 5. Jlexapctperpie POpMbI JUIA HHEKUAM ........5 37 Pazden HI. O6masn dapmaxonorua ....... 47 Tlytw sseqena nekapcrs B opranuam 48 OuTepambHble NYTH BBEAEHHS .... 48 Tlapentepanbubie nyTH BBemeHHA ....... 49 Beacbipatine, pacnpeaenenue, Baipenenve 4 6voTparicibopMaliva JIeKaPCTBEHHDIX BEMIECTB veces 52 BuogoctynHocrh H aIMMMHauMA JleKapcTBeHHBIX CpeacTB 56 MexanuaM AeiicrBHa AeKapCcTBeHHEIX BeIleCTB Buabl AeHcrBua WeKkapcTBeHHbIX BeMIeCTB .. Buapi exapcrsenxoit tepanun .. Ycaonus, BrusioulMe Ha ZelicrBHe jexapersenmux Belmects..... 62 Peakuwa opraHu3ma Ha nopToptioe BBeQCHHE NeKaPCTBEHHbIX BelecTB . 7 67 Kom6unnpozatinoe Zelicrave JleKapCTBeHHbIX BeLIeCTB .. 69 BaavmonelicTBve JiekapCTBEHHBIX BELLECTB wicssessaseensunene 70 @apmakoasornyeckuit KoHTponb KayecTBa JeKapcTBeHHEIX semects. Buonornueckas cranszaprusaune ..... 71 4 @apmakonorua c peuentypoi Pa3zden IV. Yactnas cbapmaxozorna 73 Tpunyunsi kaccuukayun JeKapersennnlx Beimecrs . 74 Tlporupomuxpo6upie 1 mpoTHBonapasutapubie cpejcTBa 74 Tema 1. ANTHCenTHueCKHe CpeacTa ... 75 Fanoudocodepacauue eewecmea 75 Oxucaumenu ....... 77 Coedunenua anudamuueckozo pada 78 Coedunenua apomamuueckozo pada 79 Kpacumenr esses 80 Kucaomot u wenouu 81 Conu mAKenbix Memannor 82 ITpouseoduvie xumpodypana, demepeenme, Gueyanuder 84 XumuorepantestHyeckne cpencrsa .. 85 Tema 2. Avtu6uoTuKu 86 TTenuuynauner .. 88 Leqbanocnopunvt . 91 Kap6anenemvi u Mono6axmamot 92 Maxpoaudei u asonudoi 92 Tempauuxaunor ... 93 Jlesomuuemun 95 Jlunkozamudt 96 AMHHOraMKO3HAbI 96 Cmpenmomuyun ... 96 Antu6norukn pasnpix rpymm 98 Tpuiuunst KoM6uHupoBatHoro npuMeHerusA aHTHOMOTHKOB. OcaookHeHMa np neveHun aHTHOMOTHKAME ... Tena 3. Cunteruyeckne npoTHBomuxpobubie cpeactsa Cyavanunamuduvie npenapamet Mpouseoduete xunonoxa, xumpodypaxa, wumpounudasona u 8-oxcuxunonuna Tema 4, [Iporusory6epxynesubie 4 Apyrne cpeactsa . Tlpormsocnmpoxerosupie cpegcrsa .. Tlpornponpotosolinple cpezctsa . Tpomusomansputinoie cpedcmea [Tpomusoame6uoie cpedcmea Cpedcmea Ona nevenua namOnuoza u xnamuduosn .. 118 Cpedcmea daa nevenua mpuxomouadosa 118 Cpedcmea Ona neuenua moxconnaamo3a 119 Cpedcmea dna nevenusa netiwmanuosa 119 ITpomusonenposnote cpedcmee .... 121 ITpomueompunanocomosnwie cpedcmea . 121 Cogep»xanve 5 IIporuposupycuble cpeacrsa Tpotusorpu6xosbie cpegctaa .. Tema 5. Viporupormuctuble cpeacTBa, MHCeKTHUMABI . Cpedcmea Ona neuenua Kuweunvix 2enoMunmosoe .. Cpedcmea dna neuenua enexumeunorx zenomunmos0e Beujecrna, zelicrsyiome Ha HepBHy10 CHcTeMy H HCNOAHHTeAbHBIC OpraHbl .... “ Tema 6. Beuecrsa, Baviaioutne Ha adpepeHTHy1o MHHepBalHi0 Mecrnoanecresupylouye cpeacrsa ..... Barkyune cperctna .... O6sonakusatontue u agcop6uipyioume cpeacTBa Paaapaskarouge cpeqcTBa Tema 7. Bemectsa, panstouue Ha acpcbepentuyo unHepBaumno .... 143 Bewecraa, qelictayiomme B o61acTu xonMHepriueckux cuHanicos (xomMHeprHyeckHe CpesCTBa) .... M-xoHHOMUMeTHYeCKHe BelleCTBA . H-xommHomumeruueckne BeLIeCTBa .. M- Ht H-xonMHOMUMeTHYecKHe BellectBa AHTHXONMHaCTepasHble BeHJeCTBa ... M-xosHo61oKupyiomne cpemcTBa Cunteruyeckue XOMHOOs1OKaTOpbI “ H-xosHHo6nokupytoute cpezcrBa Tanzauo6noxupyiowue cpedcmea Kypapenodo6nvie cpedcmea ..... Bewecrsa, nelicrayiouve B o6nactH aqpenepruyeckHx cunanicos (aqpenepruueckue cpezcTBa) Adpenonumemuueckue eewecmea (adpexomumemuku) Adpenobnoxupyiowue eewecmea (adpenobroKamoprt) Cumnamoaumuueckue eeuecmea (cumnamonumuxu) . Aloamunepeureckue cpedcmea ...... Tema 8. Beuecrsa, BIMAIOULMe MpeHmMyulecTBeHHO Ha leHTpaJIbHy10 HepBHY1O CHCTeMy 183 Cpegctsa aa HapKosa (HapKoTuueckue cpencrsa, o6mjve aHecTeTHKH).... 185 Cpeactsa 414 WHTaTAUMOHHOrO HapKosa .... 186 CpeactBa yin HEMHraslallMOoHHOTO HapKosa 189 CHoTBopnbie cpeactsa 192 Cxorsopubie cpegcrBa 43 rpyiiibl TpaHKBHM3aTopoB 195 Cnupt atunosbtlii . 197 IIporupocygoporxkHbie cpeacrsa .. 200 Cpedcmea dna neuenus snunencuu 200 Cpedcmea Ona neuenua napKunconusma . @apmakonorua c peyentypoi Boseytonsioume (avanbreruyeckHe) CPeACTBA wsvressen Hapxomuueckue ananveemuxu Henapxomuuecxue (Heonuoudunie) ananvzemuKu ueXmpanonozo delicmeus .... TIcuxorpomHnle cpescra .... Aumuncuxomuyeckue cpedcmea (ueiiponenmuxu) 214 ITpenapamo numus ..... 217 Anxcuonumuxu (mpanxeunuzamopoi) 219 Cedamuenoie cpedcmea 221 Aumudenpeccanmut 224 ITcuxocmumyaupyiowue cpedcmea 226 Hoorponnpie cpeactsa Tpenapates, yayumaroure Mosropoe KpoBoobpamente .. 229 Ananentuxn. Crumy.1aTopsl CnMHHoro Mosra 230 O6merounsupyroulne cpenctsa .... 233 Tema 9. Cpeactsa, annaioume Ha (pyHKUMM OpraHos AbIXaHHA 236 CTumyaaTopbl AbIxaHHs ...... Tlpornsoxaurtesble cpeycrsa . Orxapkupatomne (MykonuTH4ecKHe) cpercTBa Cpenctsa, mpuMexsembie pu 6poHxHanbHolt actme (6porxonuTHyeckne cpenctBa) Cpeacrsa, ipHMenaembie mp oTeKe Jerkux Tema 10. CpeactBa, Binarouyne Ha cepae4Ho-cocyancry1o CHCTEMY....... CepzevHble riiKo3HAbl ..... IlporupoapHrmmyeckne cpenctsa . Tpenapamut, npumenaemoie npu maxuapumauax Tpenapamot, npumensemoie npu 6paduapummusnx Tunotenampubie (anturuneprensuBHble) cpescrsa .. Cpeactsa, IpuMeHseMbIe pH MueMHYeCKOH Gomes cepaua Cpeactsa, npumMeHaemble np creHoKapaun . Cpeacrsa, ipMensempie npu uncbapKTe MHOKapA Cpeactsa, ucrombayemble npH MUTpeHH ..... BewjecrBa runoxonecrepuemuyeckoro AeficTBHEA . Tema 11. Mouerountie cperctsa .... Tpormponogarpuueckne cpegctsa .... Tema 12. Cpenctsa, srustoue Ha byHKyuio opranos numesapeHua .. Cpeacrsa, Bustonue Ha annerut .. Cpeactsa, Brusaioume Ha dbyHKumio x*xenyaKa Copepxanue 7 Cpedcmea, enusiouue na cexpemopnyio @ynxyuro menyOKa. .... Cpedcmea, enusiouue na momopuxy acenydxa Psorubie H MpOTHBOpBOTHEIe cpeszcTBa Cpeactsa, BIMsIOWHe Ha CeKpeTopHyio (PyHKMIO 283 286 287 NOAKETY OVO! *KeNesbt .. 290 )Kenuerounpie cpeactBa 292 Tenatonpotexropupie cpenctBa 293 Cpeacrsa, ycuimparouve ABHTaTebHYy10 (pyHKUHIO KHUIEYHHKA .. . 294 Caa6utenpunie cpenctaa Cpeacrsa, oca6imioue ABHraTenbHYyIO (PyHKUHIO KMUeYHHKA 296 Tema 13. Cpeactsa, BAMAIOWAMe Ha CHCTeMy KpOBH 298 Cpeacrsa, Brualouie Ha spHTponoss Cpeacrsa, Brnsaloune Ha JeiKon033 . Cpeactsa, BIMaIOWIMe Ha CBepTbIBaHHe KpOBH . Cpedcmea, ymenourarouue azpezayuro mpombouumoes (aumuazpezanmot) ..... Cpedcmea, mopmosauyue ceepmvicanue Kposu (aumuxoazyanumet). Cpedcmea, cnocobcmeyrouue ceepmoiganuro Kposu Tema 14, Kpoposameularoume (11a3MosaMeularollie) H MpOTHBOWOKOBbIe KHAKOCTH. Cpexcrsa 1A NapeHTepabHoro NTAHHA ... Cpencrsa, BIMmOUMe IIpedMylllecTBeEHHO Ha Mpoweccel TkaHeBoro O6mena .... Tema 15. TopMonanbHble H aHTHTOpMOHa/bHbIe Npenaparol Ipenaparsi ropMonos runodusa 4 ranoTaiaMyca TIpenapatei ropMoHoB WIHTOBHAHON 2KeNe3sbI H HX aHTArOHKCTE .... Tpenaparsi ropMovos napallMTOBHAHLIX 2KeN1e3 . TopMonanprpie mpenapatel NozaKenyAOVHOH 2%*eneSbI Mi CHHTETHYECKHe FHMOPIMKEMHYeCKHe CpesCTBAa 320 TIpenaparbi ropMoxos Kopbl HagMO¥e THU KOB Tlpenaparb! mO10BbIxX FOPMOHOB .... Ipenapamot cenckux nonoselx zopMoHoe Ipenapamot myscckux nonoeeix 2opmonoe . Anabommueckne crepouabl .. Buorenupie cramysatoppi (cpeacrsa Hecneynpnyeckolt cTumMysupytouleli Tepariny) .... . 302 304 306 . 308 . 341 Sit 8 @apmakonorun c peyentypoit Tema 16. Buramunubie npenaparet ITpenapamot codopacmeopumox eumamunoe ITpenapamet xcupopacmeopumpix eumamunos TToausumamunnoie npenapamot Tema 17. Cpeacrsa, BAMsioulMe Ha MycKymaTypy MaTKH Tema 18. Tipormposocnanutenbubie cpencraa Hecrepongubie mpoTHBoBocnanuTenbHble cpeyctsa .. Tema 19. CpeactBa, BIMAIOWIMe Ha MMMYHHbIe Tpoueccst . Ilporipoanmepruyeckue cpenctsa .. TIporuporucraMHHuble cpeactBa UMmmynogenpeccusutie cpeazctsa Mimmynocrumysmpyioume (ummMyHomogyaupyroume) cpeacrBa Tema 20. [Iporupoonyxomespie cpeactsa Tema 21. Uncextuumanpie cpexcrsa ..... seseeee Tema 22. OcnorkHeHust MeqUKaMeHTOSHOH Tepalun 366 Crmcox mpenaparos .. Cruicox suteparyppt NPEAUCHOBUE Tpeanaraemoiii yue6uuk npequasHaven Ana yuauHxca MeAMUHHCKUX u hapMalleBTHYeCKHX KOeMKei M COOTBETCTBYeT MporpamMe no cbapMa- koulorHn, yTBepxeHHO Munnctepcrsom 3apaBooxpakenna PD. Yue6unx cogepxuT pasqensi O6ueli H YactHoit bapMakoaorun H KpaT- KO€ PYKOBOACTBO M0 BbINIHCbIBAHHIO peuentos. Bo paefenHn fax KpaTKHii McTopHyecKnii ovepK pasBuTHs OTeYeCTBeH- Holi cbapMakoJIOTHN, yKagzaHO ee MeCTO cpesM Apyrux MegquKO-6HomOrHe- CKMX AMCHMIVIMH, H310>%KeHbI O6ulMe MpeACTAaBJeEHHA O NYTAX U3bICKaHHA HOBBIX JICKAPCTBEHHBIX BeLECTB H M€TOZaX MX HCIIbITAHUA. B pasgene no o6melt cbapMakonoruu npHBeneHbt Obie 3aKOHOMepHO- cTHB nelicrBun JI€KAaPCTBEHHDIX BeLeCTB Ha OpraHH3M, TIYTH BBeAeCHHA HX B OpraHHaM, Borpocb! 6uoTpancdopMauuH, ToHATHA o 6HocbapMayuH ui pe- aKUMsix Oprannama Ha seKapcrsa. IIpu pas6ope kom6unupoBanuoro Zeii- CTBHA MeKapCTB MpesCraBAeHbl OCHOBHbIe NOHATHA cbapMakosOrM4ECKOri HECOBMECTHMOCTH JIeKapCTBEHHbIX BeLLeCTB. Pasgen B eIOM NOCTpoeH TpakHWHOHHO, OMHAKO COfep2xXHT OCHOBHBIe CBemeHHA 0 GosesHAX, pt KOTOPBIX HCIONbsy- eTCA Ta HIM MHas rpynna JlekapCrBeHHbix Bellects. Kpome Toro, Bce MegH- UMHCKME TEpMHHbI NOACHAIOTCA NO XOAY U30%KeHMA MaTepHanoB. B pyKo- BOACTBE NO BbITHCHIBAHHIO PeLENTOB MpeACTAaBNeHbI OCHOBHLIE CBeqeHHA O JleKapCTBeHHBIX MopMax H MpaBHsaX BbINMCbIBAHHA PelenTos. Bee KpuTuyeckve saMevaHns H Moxkeanua 6yzyT MpHAATHI ABTOpaMH c ray6oxoit mpusHaTesDHOCTHIO. BH. Hempoe Pa3den I BBEJIEHHE 12 @apmakonorua c peyentypon NIPEQ\MET V 3AZ,AN DAPMAKONOFUN @apmaxonoeua — nayka 0 esaumodeticmeuu nekapcme ¢ opeanuamom UO NYMAX UZbICKANUA HOBLLX LeKapCmeenHeLX Cpedcme, B AOCOBHOM Mepe- Bose C TpeyecKoro ABbIKA COBO « O3HAYAeT yYeHHE O Je- kapcrse (pharmakon — aexapcrso, logos — yyenne, c0B0). @apmakonorusa nayyaer AeKapcTBa B pasiMUHBIX acreKTax: PapMako- AMHaMHyeCKoM, (apMakOKHHeTHYeCKOM, (bapMakOTepaneBTHYeCKOM, TOK- CMKOJIOPHYECKOM H T/L. @apmaxodunamuxa usy4aet cnenncuieckoe AelicrBue seKapers Ha op- TaHH3M, MexaHH3MblI H OCO6eHHOCTH aToro AelicTBHA. @apmaxoxunemuxa uccaemyer MpOUeccb! BCACbIBAHMA JIeKAPCTB B KPOBb, HX pacnpeyesienne, MeraGoruaM, AMTeMbHOCTD npebLipanusa B OpraHuaMe Mi NYTH BLIBEACHUA H3 OpraHu3ma, @apmaxomepanua vayuaer nevebubie KayecTBa JeKapCTB MPH passH4- HbIx 3a6ou1eBAHHAX, OMPeAENACT NO3bI H CXEMbI HX MIpHMeHeHHA. @apmaxonpoduaaxmuka 3anvmaetca BonpocaMu mpeaynpexqenus 6onesneit c MOMOLIDIO eKapcTBeHHBIX MpenapaTos. Jlexapcmeennasa moxcuxkonozua M3y4aeT TOKCHYECKOe AelicTBHe eKapcTB Ha opranuaM, paspa6aTprBaer MeTosbI NpeqynpexyeHHa U WeYeHUsA OTpaB- JeHuit JekapcTrBeHHbIMH BelllecTBaMH. Cosepulenio oveBugHO, YTO BCecTOpoHHee usyueHHe seKApCTBeEHHbIX CPeACTB BOSMOXHO TOJIbKO B TECHOM COTPyAHHYeCTBE Bpayeli, Guonoros, cpapmauesTos, XHMUKOB HM Apyrux cheumanucTos. @apmakosorna KaK Me€AMUMHCKadA AMCUMIIMHAa HMeeT TeECHYIO CBA3b c apMayestuueckumn AMCUMMIMHaMuU — dapMayeBTHyuecKoit xuneii, papmaxkornosueii, TexHonornei ekapcTs u Ap. 6vonorMueckuMu — cbu- snouorueli, Maxpo6nonorueli, 6HoxHMHell H Ap., H BCeEMH KAHHMYeECKUMH AMCUATUIMHAaMH. KPATKUM ACTOPUYECKMM OYEPK PASBUTMA OTEYECTBEHHOM MAPMAKONOFMN Vicropus mpuMerenus neve6ubix cpeqcTs aBAAeTcA OAHOlt M3 CaMbIx Apesrux. Ewe nepso6piruste soq4 npeANpHnMMann nomBITKH HaiiTH pac- TeHus, cnocobuble o6neruaTb HX CTpaganua mp 6onesusax. Alaa passuTnsa oTevecrBeHHolt cbapmakosioruu Gonbuloe 3HayeHve HMe- sim pecbopMi TTerpa I, nocnyxupurve Hayany sapoaxjenus dapMauesrHye- ‘CKOM MpoMbluseHHOCTH B Poccuu. Tlepsbie pyKoBoactsa 10 NekapcrBoBeneHHio Obi1M HanucaHibl B Poc- cuu H.M. Maxcumosuy-Am6oquKom u A.II. Hemo6nnsm B konue XVIII Paagen |. Baegenve 13 4B Hayane XIX Beka. Passutuio cbapmakonornyeckoli HayKu CHocobcTBO- BaJIM AOCTWKEHHA XHMHH 4 cbusHonorHH XIX Beka. Cpean cbapMakonorn- YeCKHX HCCesqOBaHHH Toro BpeMeHM BaxKHOe 3HaYeHHe MMeNH padoTbI A.A. Cokoslosckoro, NOcBAIeHHbIe H3YYeHHIO AeHCTBHA eKapCTBeEHHbIX BeljecTB Ha HepBHylo cucremy, 4 Tpyabl B.A. Jlpi6xoscxoro no usyyeHno AelicTBUs JleKapcTB Ha Cepe4HO-cocyAMCTytO CHcTeMy. Orpomioe aHayenve Ana pasBHtua capmMaKonorun HMenH OTKpBITHA WLI. Masnosa 8 o6nactu cbusnonoruu cepgeyno-cocyazucrolt cuctembt H ero yuerue 06 ycnoBHbix pecexcax. Pomp VII. Mapnosa passuTun bapMakonornn ONCHL BEIHKa CC H MOTOMY, YTO OH 6p HE€ TOJIDKO cpusn- o0rom, Ho u dbapmaxostorom. Tog ero pykoBoyxcTBOM Mi MpH HerlocpeycT- BeHHOM yuacTHuH B kHHuKe C.I]. BorknHa 611M MccrezOBaHbi MHOFHe se- KapCTBeHHble pacTenha (ropuuper, AaHALM, CTpodant, nobenua ui Ap.). B revenue 5 ner UII. Masnos sapeqosan Kactpeapoii cbapmaxosoruu Boeu- HO-MeQMUMHCKOH akayeMHH H CO32an KpynHyl0 WKORY oTevecTBeHHBIX bapmakoxoros. Bcxope nocne V.I1. Masnosa aty xe xaeapy sosrnabya H.H. Kpasxos u pykosoaua eto B Tevenue 25 ser. H. I. Kpasxos spnaer- CA OCHOBOMOMIOXKHHKOM COBpeMeHHO!i OTeYeCTBeEHHOM (papMakonorun. Cpegu npo6sem, koroppimu sanumasica H.I1. Kpasxos, paxnoe 3Haye- HHe HMeIOT Bompocst Obmeli dbapmakonoruu. Ero ugzen 0 cBasH Mex XH- MHYECKHM CTpoeHHeM BelllecrBa H ero (bapMakOsIOrH4YeckuM AelicTBHeM CTaqH B HacTOAIee BpeM# OCHOBOH B Ree LeneHanpaBseHHoro CHHTe3a HOBBIX JI@KAPCTBEHHBIX CpemCTB. Usyuas pelicrsue nexapcTsenHbix BeLeCTB B YCHOBMAX HCKYCCTBEHHO BbISBAHHBIX Natonormyeckux coctosnui, H.I. Kpasxos cosa HoBoe Ha- NpaBjieHMe B pasBMTHM SKCMepHMeHTabHO! cpapmMakosorun. IIpennoxe- nue HII. Kpaskopa npuMeHaTb HeneTyuMe HapKOTH4ecKHe BeLeCTBAa B KavecTBe 6a3HCHBIX HAPKOTHKOB JIeTJIH B OCHOBY COBpeMeHHDIX IIPHHL- nos o6es6onnBanua. Boaputoii naysnpiit kpyrosop u negarorvueckuii onsit HIT. Kpaskopa Halli OTpaxkeHHe B ero pyKoBosicrBe «OcHoBpl dbapMakonorMH>, 10 KO- TOPOMY YYHJOCh HECKOMbKO HOKOJEHHit MERMUMHCKUX paboTHUKos. Bonbuioit pknaz B AanbHeiuee pasBuTHe OTeYecTBeHHOIi (apMakOJIOr‘MH BHECJIM MHOTHe YYeHHKH HM nocsiexoBatemu HI]. Kpaskosa: MIT. Huxona- ep, A.V. Kysneuos, H.B. Bepumuun, C.B. Anvuxos, A.M. Yepxec, B.B. 3a- kycos, A.B, Banbaman, M.Jl. Maurkoscxuit, JI.A. Xapxesuy, II.B. Ceprees, BI. Kyxec, C. B. Cepegenuu ui ap. B nocneanee mecaTunerue yueubimu Haweli crpaHbl — akajemukamu PAMH JL.A. Xapxesuyem u BI. Kykecom, npotpeccopamu A.H. Kyapu- upiM, .B. Mapxosoii c coasropaMi u3galibI HOBbIe Npodusu3sMpoBaHHDle yue6unku mo cbapMakosorHn HW KAMHMYeCKOl cbapMaKkonorun (a8 cTy- ACHTOB pasIM4HbIX PakyALTETOB MCAMUMHCKUX By3OB). 14 @apmaxonorma c peyentypon B Hauel crpae opranusopaH pag KpytHbIx Hay4YHO-HccsIeAOBaTeNb- ckux hapMakonOrM4eckHX MH XMMHKO-cpapMalleBTMYecKHX yupexLeHHit, B KOTOpbIX poBomMTcA Gonbulad MAOLOTBOpHaA pa6oTa mo M3yyeHHIO Vi M3bICKAHHIO HOBBIX JI€KaPCTBEHHBIX CpeCTB. Muorue yexxbte npenapaTht 6b co3qanbl B Muctutyte dapmakosio- run PAMH, Lentpe no xHMHH eKapcTBeHHbIx cpencrs ~ Bcepoccuit- CKOM Hay4HO-HCCeHOBATEBCKOM XHMHKO-(papMalleBTHYECKOM HHCTHTYTe (UXJIC—BHUX NV) u ero dbunmanax, Beepoccniicxom HayyHo-uccse- AOBATeEABCKOM MHCTUTyTe anTH6uOTHKOB (BHMMA) u apyrux yupexze- Husx, Bombuias pabora B TOM HaNpaBJIEHMM MIpOBOAWTCA Ha MHOTOUMCIIEH- HBIX KactbeApaX MeAMILMHCKHX H (papMalleBTHYECKHX BY3OB. K ocHosybim A0cTH>KeHHAM (bapMakONIOrHMu B MepBoli oOBuHe XX Be- Ka MOAHO OTHECTH CoamaHHe CysbtpaHHsaMMAHBIX Mpelapatos HM MepBbIx anTHOMOTHKOB — NeHHUWINHHa, cTpenToMMUHHa, 6A0KaTOpoB ructamH- HobbIx H,-peuenropos, aHTHXOsMHSCTepasHBIX CPeACTB, MHOPeaKCaHTOB HW TaHriMo610kaToOpos, OTKPBITHE aHTUTNepTeHSHBHLIX CBOHCTB Mpenapa- TOB paysombbuu u anTHOnacTOMHO! aKTMBHOCTH a3OTHCTEIX HIIpHTOB, BbIJeNCHHE KPHCTAIHYeCKOTO BHTaMMHAa Bo. Boabitue Aoctwxenua B o6nacTH (bapMaKOJOFHH MPOMsOULIH BO BTO- poli nososune XX Beka, ocobenHo B o6nactu McHxodapMakonioruu. AMu- Ha3Hu, raionepuszon, tHasenam, HHrHOuTopEl MAO u Apyrne ncuxorpon- HBI€ CPeACTBA MO3BOJMIIH KOPeHHbIM O6pa30M M3MeHHTb MPHHUMITbI NeseHHA H NpOWakKTHK HepBHO-NCcHxXH4eCKHX 3aGoeBaHHit. Tpousourio AanbHeiee H3bICKaHHe H BHEAPeHHe HOBbIX AHTHOMOTHKOB HM XHMHOTepa- MeBTHYCCKHX Npenapatos, oTKppiTHe 6soKaTOpos ructamuHoBLIx H,-pe- uenropos, 6A0KaTOpOB KauLUMeBHIX KaHanoB, HHTH6uTOpoB 6uocuHTesa xouleCTepHna, aHrMOTeH3HHNpespaulaioulero (pepMeHta, 610KaTopos anrH- otTeHsiH H-pewentopos 4 MHOrHX APyTHX CpeACTB ANA eveHHA CepaeuHO- cocy@ucrpix sa6onesannit. VCTOYHMKM NONYYEHMA EKAPCTBEHHbIX BELUECTB WNYTH M3bICKAHMA HOBbIX NEKAPCTBEHHbIX CPEACTB OchosHsimn HcTOuHHKaMH NOY YeHHA eKapCTBeHHEIX BELMeCTB ABILA- 1OTCA XHMHYECKHH CHHTeS MH JekapcTBeHHble pactenua. B page cnyyaes MCHONb3YIOTCA OpraHbl H TKAHH %KMBOTHDIX H MAKpoopraHvaMbl. B nocses- Hee BPeMA BHEAPeHI METOABI TeHHO! HHKeHEpUH. Ognoit v3 3a7a4 coppemeHHoii cbapMakouIOrMH ABIIeTCH H3bICKAHHe 1 HC- Cile{OBAHMe HOBBIX CPEACTB MH BHEAPeHMe UX B MpakTH4eCKYIO MeQMUMHY. TlyTb HoBoro sekapcrBa oT na6opaTopun 20 GombHOTO OYeHb CHOKE 4 BecbMa Tpyfoemox. B xumuyeckoli sa6oparopun XHMMKH CHHTesHpyloT Pasgen |. Beanenue 15 HOBBIC COCAMHEHHA HIN H3BIEKAIOT JelicTByIOUlMe BeMeCcTBa U3 eKapcT- BeHHBIX PaCTeHHH H MPOAYKTOB KUSHEACATEBHOCTH 2KUBOTHBIX H MAKPO- opraHHsMos. B cbapMakonornueckoit na6opatopwu HoBbie BellecTBa NoABepraioTca HCCeEAOBAHHIO Ha 7KMBOTHLIX (SKCHepHMeHTasbHaa (papMakosorus). Dap- MaKOJOTH BHaYalle CTPEMATCH BhIABHTb Cpe MHOPOUMCJICHHBIX HOBBIX CO- equHenuit 6uonorueckH aKTHBHbIe BeLIECTBA, T.e. BeMtecTBa, OOnaparoulHe onpejeneHHEIM felicrBvem Ha OpranvaM. Takoli MeTog HpeazBapHTeAbHOH TIPOBEPKH NOMYUH HasBaHHe cKpununea* (). B Tex cayuaax, Korda HOBOe BeLeCTBO MpexcTaBAAeT HHTepec B KayecTBE 6yayulero mexapcrBa, ero uccnegyioT 6onee AeTanbHo, obpauan ocobve BHMMaHHe Ha TOXCHYHOCTD H NoGouHoe AelicTBHe. Korga WeHHOCTb HOBOTO BeleCTBA CTAHOBHTCA OYEBHAHOM, PesyAbTATbI 9KCIEPHMEHTANbHOTO Hc cieqoBpaHus npeActaBrsiorca B Dapmakonornueckuii Komutet Munuc- TepcTBa 3ApaBooxpaHenua PO, ToubKo eMy AaHO NpaBo pewlaT BONPOC O aIbHeHUIeM HCNBITAHHH HO- BOTO BeHIeCTBA B KIMHHKe. C monyyennem Takoro paspeuieHua HauMHaetcs Bropoli aram cdbapma- KOJOPHYECKOTO HCHbITAHHA HOBOTO BellecTBa — KIMHHYeCKHH (KIHHH4e- ckaa dbapmMakosorus). Kaunuueckoe uccnedosanue Hoporo mpenapata MpoBoaHTcs Ha KOHTHH- rente GonbHbIx nog HaGMIOAeHMEM ONLITHEIX IMAM YeCKUX cbapMakosioroB. Tipu stom nese6retii addexr HoBoro npenapara yacToO cpaBHUBaIOT C M3BeCTHBIMH JleKapcTBaMH H B psve Clyyaes C MHAUGepeHTHBIM Belle- CTBOM, KOTOpoe No opMe HalloMuHaerT HoBbIli mpenapat. Takue uHAud- QepenTHbie «tekapcrBa> nomyynnn HasBanue naayebo (nycTHuKa). Bonbupre He 3Hal0T, YTO HM HasHaYeHO: NeKapcTBeHHbIii mpenapaT wu naaue6o (<«crenoi MeTos»), a B HEKOTOpbIX CuLyYaHX 06 TOM He 3HaeT Ja- Ke Neyauynit Bpay (, uro o6o3HayaeT «BOsbMu>. B pe- uente 3TO o6pailenue muwetca coKpameHHo «Rp.:>. Janee cneayer 1u- CaTb Ha JaTHHCKOM ASbIKe COCTaB JeKapCTBa, Ha3BaHHe JieKapCTBeHHOM bopmnr 4 yKazanue 06 usroTOBAeHMM HM BbIa4e JeKapcTBa. Tiponucb KaxkAoro NekapcTBeHHoro BeUlecTBa (BKMI0¥aA BCMOMOra- TEIbHbIC BEWIECTBa, BXOAMILME B COCTAaB JeKapCTBa) HAaYHHaeTCA C HOBO} cTpoxn, c Gonbiot 6ykBbI 1 B POAMTENbHOM Nanexe. OkoHYaHUA HMeHU- TEABHBIX H POAMTEJIbHbIX NasexKeli AA PAaIMH4HBIX CKOHEHHH MpescTaB- nenbi B TaGauue. 20 @apmakonorua c peyentypor Cnpaba oT HasBaHUA KakJOrO BellleCTBa yKa3bIBaIOT €rO KOJIMYECTBO B BeCOBBIX €AMHHUax (T, MI, MKT), B OObEMHbIX EAMHHUAX (MI, Kalin) WII B BHZe eAUHHY axtuBHoctn (EJ| — eqnnnua azeiicraua). Joab B rpamMax WIM AOJAX rpaMMa yka3biBaloTcsA B JECATHYHOM CHCTeMe H3MepeHHA (Ha- npumep: 1,0; 0,1; 0,01; 0,001, 1.e. oguu rpamm, oqMH AeWMTpaMM, OAMH CaH- THIpaMM, OHH MHJWIMTpaMM). Ecav 28a UM HECKOADKO BELIECTB BbUIMCbIBAIOTCA B OMHaKOBOIi 03e, TO €€ MOXHO YKa3zaTb TOALKO OHH pas, Mocse HasBaHMA NOCMeAHEFO BeLe- CTBa, HO B TaKOM CulyYae Mepeg O30ii craBaT O603Ha¥eHMe aa, ITO 3Ha- 4YHT — nopoBHy (HampuMep, aa 0,5). Cxnonenna Equuctpennoe uci Hmennrenbutst comet [ a fone unpre] -us,-u_[-es | Ponwrren itil (cd A | sis MuroxectBennoe 41c10 Tener [ae | ia [es aC] wea] -o_| Ponirenvuit | —arwn | —orwm [um¢samp | wu —[ -erum | Tlocne HasBaHusa JI€KAPCTBEHHbIX BEWICCTB YKa3bIBaeTCA JIeKapCTBeH- Has cbopma. Hanpumep, Misce ut fiat pulvis (CMeurait, uro6br nonyaunca nopouwiox), Misce ut fiat solutio (Cmemaii, yro6ni nomyyunca pacrBop) nu t.m. Ecnu mekapcrBeHHad cbopMa H3roTOBseHa Ha 3aBoyle, TO cnoBa «Misce ut fiat...» B peljene He MiMyTCA, NOCKOJIbKY JIeKapcTBO y2Ke OcTy- THO B aniTeKy B ompeemeHHot cbopme. B Takux c1yyanx B peuente TObKO yka3bIBaeTCA YMC/IO 103 M HasBaHHe steKapcTBeHHOH cpopmsi. Hanpumep, Da tales doses N 12 in tabulettis (ait raxux 03 unciom 12 B ta6neTKax). Jlatwnckas vacrb peyerta Bcerga 3akaHuMBaeTca COBOM WIH coxpauleHHo 6yksoii . Hocae storo cosa cnegyeT curnatypa — mpeqnucanve 6oAbHOMy Ha pyCCKOM WJM pycCKOM HW HallHOH@JIbHOM A3bIKaX O cnoco6e TpHMeHeHHA JIeKapCTBa, KOJIMYeCTBE Mpenapata Ha OAM MpveM, BpeMeHH II YacToTe MpHema JlexapcrBa. Hanpu- ep, uM «, «Hapy2Hoe>, <[Ipumenenue 13- BecTHo» H Ap. Tlocne curuarypbl caletyeT Nognncp Bpaya, PerbAWepa HK AKYUIEPKM, KOTOPbi€ HECYT JIM4HY1O OTBETCTBEHHOCTD 3a BbINMCaHHbIit MMH peuent. Tloatomy cneayer Bpipa6otaT MIPHBbIyKY BHHMATe/bHO MpoBe- PAT pellet Mepes TEM, Kak OTAaTb ero 6osIbHOMy. Ecru cocrosxue 6osibHoro Tpe6yeT aKCTpeHHoro oTNycka JeKapcTBa 13 alirekH, TO B BepxHeli 4YacTH peulertrypHoro 6aHKa rMulyT (comepaaT KHCOTY HUKOTHHOBy10 H ManaBepHH) TabeTKu . Hasxauats BHyTp» no 1 Ta6erKe 2 pasa B eH. Rp.: Tabulettarum

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