EXAMINATION NO.

2
(FOUNDATION ENGINEERING)

Situational Problem No. 1: A 250mm x 250mm interior column is located at the center of a two-
way square footing. It carries a vertical load of 1068kN and a horizontal
load of 45kN that can act either direction (see Figure 1). A soil study
indicates that a 2.30m x 2.30m footing is required to prevent overstress
of the soil. The average effective depth of the footing is 610mm.

1. What is the maximum soil pressure developed at the base of the

footing in kPa?
2. What is the minimum soil pressure developed at the base of the
footing in kPa?
3. What is the required footing depth from punching shear?
4. How many 25-mm diameter bars are needed as required by flexure,
using the average effective depth of 610mm?
Solution:

From the Given: Column Dimension = 250 x 250 mm

Footing Dimension = 2.3 x 2.3 m
Py = 1,068 kN
Ph = 45 kN
d = 610 mm

Required Answers:

1. Max. soil pressure developed @ the base in kPa

2. Min. soil pressure developed @ the base in kPa
3. Required footing depth fr: punching shear
4. No. of 25-mm dia. bars req’d. by flexure using d = 610 mm

Computations:

Footing Area (A) = 2.3 x 2.3 = 5.29 m2

C = 2.3/2 = 1.15

I = 1/12 (2.3)(2.3)(3) = 1.3225 m4

Pu = 1.2 (623) + 1.6 (445) = 1,459.6 kN

M = 1.2 (27(1.8)) + 1.6(18(1.8)) = 110.16 kN-m

qunet = Py/A = 1,459.6/5.29

qunet = 275.9168242 kPa

q = (P/A)  (MC/I) = (-1,459.6/5.29)  (110.16 (1.15))/1.3225

q = (-275.9168242) + (95.79130435) = -180.1255199 kPa (qmin) (answer no.1)
q = (-275.9168242) - (95.79130435) = -371.7081286 kPa (qmax) (answer no.2)

Requirements:
1. qmin = -180.1255199 kPa
2. qmax = -371.7081286
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180.1255199

371.7081286

Checking of footing depth:

qave = (180.1255199 + 371.7081286)/2

qave = 275.9168243 kPa

c+d = 250 + 610 = 860 mm

Vp = Pu - qave (c+d)2 = 1,459.6 – 275.9168243(0.860)2

Vp = 1,255.531917 kN

b0 = 4(c+d) = 4(860)
b0 = 3,440 mm

Footing Depth requirement via Punching Shear:

(i) d = (3Vp) / (Ø √fć b0) Assuming: fć = 21 MPa (as the standard)

c+d = 250 + 610 = 860 mm d = 3(1,255.531917)(1000)/0.75 √21 (3,440)

d = 318.5808442 mm < 610 mm; (therefore, safe)

(ii) The column shape is square, making this criteria inapplicable.

(iii) d = (12Vp) / (Ø ((∝sd/ b0 ) + 2) √fć b0 ) ; assuming that: ∝s = 40 (as the standard)

d = 12(1,255.531917)(1000)/0.75 (40d/3,440 +2) √21 (3,440)

 d = 223.391949 mm < 610 m; (therefore, safe)

Requirement:
3. Use d = 318.5808442 mm = 320 mm as the effective depth for punching shear

No. of 25-mm bars needed by flexure using 610 mm as ave. effective depth:

180.1255199 191.5826087

1.15 371.7081286

y/1.15 = 191.5826087/2.3

y = 95.79130435 kPa

M = 371.7081286 (1.15)(2.3)(1.15/2) – (1/2)(95.79130435)(1.15)(2.3)(1/3)(1.15))

M = 517.3499251 kN-m

Reinforcements:

R = M/ Øbd2
R = 517.3499251 (1000) / 0.9(2.3)(610)2
R = 0.6716675626 MPa

pact = 0.85(21)/275 (1- √1 – 2 (0.6716675626)/0.85(21)

pact = 0.002490194849

pmin = √21 / 4(275)

pmin = 0.004165977905
pact < pmin. Therefore, use pmin.
 As = pbd
As = 0.004165977905(2300)(610)
As = 5,844.867 mm2

Using 25mm bars: Ao = 490.82

n = 5,844.867/490.82
n = 11.9083717 ~ say 12 pcs of 25 mm diameter bars in both ways

Requirement:

4. no. 25mm dia. bars = 12 pcs

Summary of Requirements:

1. qmin = -180.1255199 kPa

2. qmax = -371.7081286
3. d = 320 mm
4. 12 pcs of 25mm diameter bars
Situational Problem No. 2.A: A 2m x 3m x 500mm rectangular footing is supporting an interior
410mm x 410mm reinforced concrete column. The column is subjected
to axial dead load of 350 kN, axial live load of 600 kN, dead load
moment of 20 kN-m and live load moment of 25 kN-m. The design
properties are f’c 21 MPa, fy = 275 MPa, 20-mm diameter bars, 75-mm
clear over and an effective depth of 395 mm. (See Figure 2)

If the bending moment is to rotate along the long side of the footing,
Mu :

5. What are the values of the maximum and minimum net

ultimate soil pressure developed at the base in kPa?

6. What is the actual critical beam shear stress or one-way shear

developed, in MPa?

7. What is the actual punching stress or two-way shear

development in MPa?

8. What is the maximum actual bending moment at the face of the

column in kN-m?

9. What is the moment capacity of the footing based on the

designed reinforcement in kN-m?
Solution:

From the Given: Footing Dimension = 2m x 3m x 0.5m

Column Dimension = 410mm x 410 mm
DL = 350 kN
LL = 600 kN
DM = 20 kN-m
LM = 25 kN-m
f’c = 21 Mpa
fy = 275 MPa
Bar size = 20 mm diameter bars
cc = 75 mm
d = 395 mm
t = 500 mm

Computations:

A = 2 x 3 = 6m2
Ix = 3(23) /12 = 2m4
Iy = 2(33)/12 = 4.5m4
Cx = 1m
Cy = 3/2 = 1.5m

Pu = 1.2 (350) + 1.6 (600) = 1,380 kN

Mu = 1.2 (20) + 1.6 (25) = 64 kN-m

qux(net) = -Pu/A  MuC/I = -1,380/6 + 64(1)/2 quy(net) = -1,380/6  64(1.5)/4.5

qux(net) = -230  32 kPa quy(net) = -230  21.33333 kPa

qux(min) = -198 kPa quy(min) = -208.66667 kPa

qux(max) = - 262 kPa quy(max) = - 251.33333 kPa

Requirements:

5. a. quy(min) = -208.66667 kPa

5. b. quy(max) = - 251.33333 kPa
5. c. quy(net) = -230  21.33333 kPa
Critical Beam Shear/One-Way Shear in MPa: (Via similar triangle method)

y/0.9 = 251.33333-208.66667/3
y = 12.8 kPa

Vu = 251.33333(0.9)(2) – ½ (12.8)(0.9)(2)
Vu = 440.879994 kN
Vu = 440.879994/0.9(2) = 244.93333 kPa (10 -3)
Vu = 0.24493333 MPa

0.395m

0.9 m

3m

Requirement:

6. Vu = 0.24493333 MPa
Punching Stress/Two-Way Shear in MPa:

208.6666
7
251.33333
0.9m

qu(ave) = 251.33333 + 208.6666 / 2 = 229.999965 or 230 kPa

c+d = 410 +395 = 850 mm

Vp = 1,380 -230 (0.805)2/(0.805)2 = 1,899.5475 kN

Vp = 1,899.5475 (10-3) = 1.8995475 MPa

Requirement:

7. Vp= 1.8995475 MPa

Maximum Bending Moment (using the figure above, for similar triangle):

y/1.295 = 251.33333-208.6666/3
y = 18.417480512

Mu = 251.33333(1.295)(2)(1.295/2)- ½(18.417480512)(1.295)(2)(1.295/3)
Mu = 411.1967527 kN-m

Requirement:

8. Mu= 411.1967527 kN-m

Moment Cap. Based on the designed reinforcement:

∝ = As Fy /0.85(fc’b)
A11-20mm D = 11(202) π/4 = 3,455.751919 mm2

∝ = 3,455.751919 (275)/0.85 (21)(2000)

∝ = 26.62 mm

3,455.751919 (10-6) = Mu/0.9(275)(395-26.61993775/2)

Mu = 326. 4589 kN-m

208.6666
6 251.33333

Summary of Requirements:

5. a. quy(min) = -208.66667 kPa

Requirement:
5. b. quy(max) = - 251.33333 kPa
9. Mu= 326. 4589 kN-m 5. c. quy(net) = -230  21.33333 kPa
6. Vu = 0.24493333 MPa
7. Vp= 1.8995475 MPa
8. Mu= 411.1967527 kN-m
9. Mu= 326. 4589 kN-m
Situational Problem 2.B: A 2m x 3m x 500mm rectangular footing is supporting an interior
410mm x 410mm reinforced concrete column. The column is subjected
to axial dead load of 350 kN, axial live load of 600 kN, dead load
moment of 20 kN-m and live load moment of 25 kN-m. The design
properties are f ’c = 21 MPa, fy = 275 MPa, 20-mm diameter bars, 75mm
clear over and an effective depth of 395 mm. (See Figure 2)

If the bending moment is to rotate along the short side of the footing,
Mu:

10. What are the values of the maximum and minimum net
ultimate soil pressure developed at the base in kPa?

11. What is the actual critical beam shear stress or one-way shear
developed, in MPa?

12. What is the actual punching stress or two-way shear developed

in MPa?

13. What is the maximum actual bending moment at the face of the
column in kN-m?

14. What is the moment capacity of the footing based on the

designed reinforcement in kN-m?
Solution:

From the Given: Footing Dimension = 2m x 3m x 0.5m

Column Dimension = 410mm x 410 mm
DL = 350 kN
LL = 600 kN
DM = 20 kN-m
LM = 25 kN-m
f’c = 21 Mpa
fy = 275 MPa
Bar size = 20 mm diameter bars
cc = 75 mm
d = 395 mm
t = 500 mm

Computations:

A = 2 x 3 = 6m2
Ix = 3(23) /12 = 2m4
Iy = 2(33)/12 = 4.5m4
Cx = 1m
Cy = 3/2 = 1.5m

Pu = 1.2 (350) + 1.6 (600) = 1,380 kN

Mu = 1.2 (20) + 1.6 (25) = 64 kN-m

qux(net) = -Pu/A  MuC/I = -1,380/6 + 64(1)/2 quy(net) = -1,380/6  64(1.5)/4.5

qux(net) = -230  32 kPa quy(net) = -230  21.33333 kPa

qux(min) = -198 kPa quy(min) = -208.66667 kPa

qux(max) = - 262 kPa quy(max) = - 251.33333 kPa

Requirement:

10. a. qux(min) = -198 kPa

10. b. qux(max) = - 262 kPa
10. c. qux(net) = -230  32 kPa
Critical Beam Shear/One-Way Shear in MPa: (Via similar triangle method)

y/0.4 = 262-198/2
y = 12.8 kPa

Vu = 262(0.4)(3) – ½(12.8)(0.4)(3) = 306.72 kN

Vu = 306.72/0.4(3) = 255.6 (10-3)
Vu = 306.72 kN or 0.2556 MPa

Requirement:

11. Vu = 0.2556 MPa

Punching Stress/Two-Way Shear in MPa:

qu(ave) = 262+198/2 = 230 kPa

c+d = 410 +395 = 805 mm

Vp = 1,380 – 230(0.805)2 /(0.805)2 = 1,899.5475 kPa

Vp = 1,899.5475 (10-3) = 1.8995475 MPa

Requirement:

12. Vp = 1.8995475 MPa

Maximum Bending Moment (using the figure below, for similar triangle):

y/0.795 = 262-198/2
y = 25.44 kPa
 Mu = 262(0.795)(3)(0.795/2) – ½(25.44)(0.795)(3)(0.795/3)
Mu = 240. 3465 kN-m

Requirement:

13. Mu = 240. 3465 kN-m

Moment Cap. Based on the designed reinforcement:

A15-20mm D = 15(202) π/4 = 4,712.389 mm2

471.389 = Mu/0.90(275)(395-100 π/2)
Mu = 277,490,397.2 N-m or 277,490.3972 kN-m

Requirement:

14. Mu = 277,490.3972 kN-m

Summary of Requirements:

10. a. qux(min) = -198 kPa

10. b. qux(max) = - 262 kPa
10. c. qux(net) = -230  32 kPa
11. Vu = 0.2556 MPa
12. Vp = 1.8995475 MPa
13. Mu = 240. 3465 kN-m
14. Mu = 277,490.3972 kN-m