ASSIGNMENT NO -3

ANSWER NO -1

Sustainable development is the idea that human societies must live and meet their needs
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The
“official” definition of sustainable development was developed for the first time in
the Brundtland Report in 1987.
Specifically, sustainable development is a way of organizing society so that it can exist in the
long term. This means taking into account both the imperatives present and those of the
future, such as the preservation of the environment and natural resources or social and
economic equity.
Despite all the benefits we still mistreat and harm it risking our existence and also other
species that is why we need to work on conservation of nature. To create widespread
awareness, we have this observance as world environment Day.
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) annually organizes events for World Environment
Day, which encourages worldwide awareness and action for the protection of the
environment. It is celebrated on 5 June in over 100 countries.

Since its beginning in 1974, World Environment Day has developed into a global platform for
raising awareness and taking action on urgent issues from marine pollution and global
warming to sustainable consumption and wildlife crime. Millions of people have taken part
over the years, helping drive change in our consumption habits as well as in national and
international environmental policy. Below are some of the landmarks of World Environment
Day through the years.

History

World Environment Day embraces smaller and less-developed nations while tackling even
bigger topics: from marine pollution and global warming to sustainable consumption and
wildlife crime. This annual day of action that began nearly 50 years ago now often goes viral
on social media.

2020

In 2020, the World Environment Day theme focused on biodiversity – a concern both urgent
and existential. The day was hosted by Colombia. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19
crisis – caused by the rapid destruction of habitats – President Iván Duque Márquez said
“the time to act is now if we want to assure our present and our future.” Fourteen world
leaders – including those from Colombia, Costa Rica, Finland, France and Seychelles –
released a statement calling on governments worldwide to support a new global goal to
protect at least 30 per cent of the planet’s land and ocean by 2030.
2019

The 2019 theme was air pollution, a global emergency that causes around 7 million
premature deaths every year. Hosted by China, President Xi Jinping stressed China’s
willingness to share its experience with other countries in a letter to the 2019 World
Environment Day event. The country also launched its Air Quality Improvement Report
(2013-2018) to showcase successful policies and reflect on lessons learned.

2018

India hosted the 45th celebration of World Environment Day under the theme “Beat Plastic
Pollution.” Over 6,000 people gathered at Versova Beach in Mumbai to join UN Environment
Champion of the Earth, Afroz Shah, in a beach clean-up, where they collected over 90,000
kg of plastic. The Indian government made a bold commitment to ban all single-use plastics
—which makes up 70 per cent of marine litter—by 2022 and European Union lawmakers
agreed on a ban by 2025.

2017

I’m with nature” is the theme of World Environment Day 2017, which inspires more than
1,800 events, from tree-planting in Mumbai to ivory burning in Angola to a running race
through Brazil’s Iguaçu National Park. In host country Canada, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
joins UN Environment’s Erik Solheim to connect with nature by paddling kayaks along the
Niagara River.

2015

World Environment Day goes viral: hosted by Milan, Italy under the theme “Seven Billion
People. One Planet. Consume with Care,” it is the most popular subject on Twitter in more
than 20 countries. More than 500 videos about World Environment Day are posted on
YouTube.

2014

The theme “Raise Your Voice Not the Sea Level!” builds awareness of the dangers facing
island nations from climate change. The next year, small island states secure agreement at
the Paris climate talks to pursue the ambitious goal of limiting the increase in average global
temperature to 1.5oC.
Visit the World Environment Day website. Go to worldenviromentday.global/en and spend
some time browsing the information provided there to see what's of most interest to you.
You can read stories and news about the environment and learn how to participate in
events.
 You can also use the site to register an activity that you, your school, business,
workplace, or your community group are doing for WED. The great thing about
registering your activity is that you can inspire others who learn about what you're
doing.

1- Promote World Environment Day on social media. Use Facebook, Twitter,

Instagram, and other social media sites to promote WED. Share events in your area,
quote environmental facts, add photos taken in nature, or give tips on living
sustainably. Either way, spread the word to your friends, family, and followers that it
is World Environment Day!

2 - Collect recyclable items to reduce waste. Post signs around the community letting
people know they can drop off materials to be recycled at your home or chosen location.
Then, take the items to a place where they can be recycled. This will be especially helpful if
you collect items that cannot be recycled at the local recycling center, such as electronics,
batteries, and paint cans
Organize an arts and crafts exhibition that focuses on sustainability. This shows
participants that it is important to consider where your products come from and how they
are made in order to leave a smaller footprint on the environment. Invite local artists and
crafters who make their products sustainably.
 For example, choose artists who use recycled materials in their projects, or knitters
who use eco-friendly yarns to create clothing and other items.

Set up a poetry reading to hear others’ opinions on the environment. You could organize a
poetry reading at a local coffee shop or bookstore to create a platform for people to share
their opinions, worries, and hopes about the environment. An event like this also helps
connect people through a love of nature. Choose poets or poems that focus on
environmental issues, such as eco-poetry.
 You may also want to include dramatic readings or performances as well.
 You can choose to read poems like “Flood” by Pablo Neruda or excerpts from Walt
Whitman’s Leaves of Grass.
 Plant trees to increase oxygen in the air. Trees are great for the environment,
as they turn carbon dioxide into oxygen. Gather a group of people together and
arrange to plant trees in your community. Get permission before planting in
public places such as parks, or choose to plant trees in your own or your
neighbors’ or friends’ yards.
3- Adopt an eco-friendly, sustainable lifestyle. Do an inventory of your energy
usage, your consuming habits, and your reliance on unsustainable products
 and make a list of ways you intend to curb your unsustainable activities and
habits and replace them with sustainable ones. Set yourself a timeline to
meet, with harder changes coming at the end of the timeline.
 For instance, consider eating meat-free meals twice a week. You could also make a
point of turning off lights and electronics when not in use. Another idea is to
commit yourself to walking to work or the market as often as possible.
4- Choose to purchase sustainable, organic, or Fair Trade goods. Read the
labels of origin and manufacture of your goods, and decide if you can make
better choices. Find out if your products are certified as sustainable, organic,
locally made, or Fair Trade. There are lots of things a label can tell you if you
choose to read it.
 Sustainable products include those that are sustainably obtained, for example, all
forest products with the FSC logo are logged using sustainable forestry practices.
 Organic products, such as cotton clothing, cause much less environmental damage
than non-organic methods, such as conventional cotton-growing practices.
 Locally made products decrease the impact on the environment because they travel
less miles, which means less emissions, to make it to the consumer.
 Fair Trade products are ethically produced, and take into account the native people
as well as the environmental resources, in the areas they are produced.
 If you can’t find a label, email or post a message on Facebook to the company,
retailer, or manufacturer responsible for the product. Facebook is a great method
because lots of other people will check out your question and be waiting for the
answer!
5- Refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle. Refuse to buy unsustainable products,
reduce your consumption, reuse items and materials around your home, and
recycle everything you can. All that clutter has to go somewhere, so make a
choice not to bring in into the house to begin with and if it has to leave, make
good choices about where it's going to end up!
 Think about borrowing, sharing, donating, time-sharing, etc., instead of buying for
keeps. Or pass it on after you've read/used/watched/worn/enjoyed it.
Plan your garden space to include edible items. If you have a yard or garden that sits
empty, make a plan to plant fruits, veggies, and herbs for personal use, or even bee-friendly
flowers. Growing your own food helps reduce strain on the environment. Things you can do
that will make the most of your garden include:
 Compost your scraps. Use this compost to boost the garden's production.
 Create a part of it that is edible, and plant seasonal crops. For those of you with
merely a balcony or a tiny plot, you can still grow food such as a potato in a bag and
small sprout gardens in your windowsill. You could also join a community gardening
project.
  Grow herbs and spices that add flavor to your food, look beautiful in the garden, and
that also have medicinal, beauty, healing, spiritual, or other uses. Borrow a book
from the library to learn more about herb and spice use. These plants don't need
much space, and they can be grown on a windowsill or balcony.
 Encourage beneficial and friendly wildlife to your garden through careful planting
and shelter creation.
 Learn to make your own garden sprays using items that are toxic to bugs and mildew
but not to people and pets
Answer no- 2

Vetiver, (Chrysopogon zizanioides), also called khus, perennial grass of the family Poaceae,

the roots of which contain an oil used in perfumes. Vetiver is native to tropical Asia and has
been introduced into the tropics of both hemispheres; it has escaped cultivation and
become a weed in some regions. The plant is sometimes grown as a hedge and is useful in
dryland restoration to reduce soil erosion.
Vetiver is a large tufted bunchgrass and can reach up to 1.5 metres (5 feet) in height. The
thin leaves and stems are erect and rigid, and the plant bears small brown-purple flowers in
long spikes. The fragrant roots grow downward in the soil and can attain depths of more
than 3 metres (10 feet). The plant is very drought-resistant.

Vetiver can be propagated through slips. The top of the slips are cut down before planting
to prune transpiration loss, thus giving a better chance for survival of the slips.

The slips are planted in pits, five to eight cm deep made with a pointed stick. One hectare
requires 1,50,000 to 2,25,000 slips with 2 - 3 slips per pit in the commonly adopted system
of planting (2nd method).

The best planting time to get higher oil yield under South Indian condition is June-July.

Environmental values of Vetiver plant.

Vetiver grass is a densely tufted bunch grass which can be easily established in both tropics
and temperate regions of the world. It plays a vital role in watershed protection by slowing
down and spreading runoff harmlessly on the farmland, recharging ground water, reducing
siltation of drainage systems and water bodies, reducing agro-chemicals loading into water
bodies and for rehabilitation of degraded soils. Vetiver grass could tolerate extremely high
levels of heavy metals. It could be used as biological pest control. The use of vetiver grass
has been regarded as a low-cost technology for soil and water conservation; on- and off-
farm land and water sources stabilization and remediation of polluted soils; and
enhancement of water quality for irrigation purposes when compared with other soil
conservation technologies. It could be a dynamic tool for mitigating environmental and
agricultural problems, thereby enhancing crop yield and supporting all-year round
agricultural cultivation. Recently, vetiver grass has been used to raise animals of different
kinds. Thus, this chapter in the book explores several applications of vetiver grass, its
impacts and resultant benefits as a technology that could enhance sustainable agricultural
development.

Medicinal application of vetiver plants.

Vetiver is a plant. The root is used to make medicine. people take vetiver for nerve and
circulation problems and for stomach pain. Some women take vetiver to start their periods or
to cause an abortion.
Vetiver is sometimes applied directly to the skin for relieving stress, as well as for emotional
traumas and shock, lice, and repelling insects. It is also used for arthritis, stings, and burns.
Vetiver is sometimes inhaled as aromatherapy for nervousness, insomnia,
and joint and muscle pain.

In manufacturing, vetiver is used as a flavoring in alcoholic beverages.

Traditional Medicines Vetiver roots and leaves have been used in therapeutics treatments.
An extensive review of the utilization of vetiver as medicinal plants has already been made
by the senior author (Chomchalow 2001). Thai people have long known how to use various
vetiver parts for medicinal purpose. Rural people in Thailand have used vetiver roots in the
treatment to dissolve gallstones, reduce fever, and in treating diseases related to bile and
the gall bladder, and healing stomach discomfort. Lavania (2003a) described how vetiver oil
was in Ayurvedic system of medicine used in India. He cited the cases of applying the oil
locally to relief rheumatism, lumbago, headache, sprain (Anon., 1976), and of using infusion
of roots as are refreshing drink in fever, inflammation and irritability of stomach. At ICV-3,
Simon (2003) described how vetiver is used as medicinal plants in Cameroon. The diseases
which vetiver has been found to be most effective are prostrate cancer, diabetes, hernia,
incontinence, stomach problem, and skin conditions. 3.3.2 Herbal drink In the hilly regions
of Karnataka, India, people made use of vetiver roots to prepare refreshing drinking water
(Sastry, 1998). Chomchalow and Hicks (2001) described the method to make vetiver root
drink or ‘NamYaFaek’, a Thai traditional beverage as follows: “A handful of vetiver roots and
leaves in equal proportion are boiled with four glasses of water until the liquid is
concentrated to a quarter of a glass”. It is taken as herbal drink.

Industrial Products
Pulp and paper Vetiver can be used as a raw material for making pulp and paper. In India,
studies that were carried out at the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dune, revealed that
pulps suitable for making strawboards can be made from vetiver by digestion with lime
(Anon., 1976). Vetiver has a high content of hemicellulose; its cellulose content is 45.8%
(DW). Pilot-plant trials have indicated that vetiver yields a chemical pulp that can be used
for making writing and printing papers. Containing short fiber, the pulp has to be used in
admixture with 30-40% of a long-fibered pulp. Vetiver panel The Royal Project Foundation
(Thailand) was successful in making a panel from vetiver root mass
 Answer no -3.

Environmental education is a process that allows individuals to explore environmental

issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment. As a result,
individuals develop a deeper understanding of environmental issues and have the skills to
make informed and responsible decisions.

Environmental education is a complex field, and it covers a variety of different topics that
are related to the environment. It even has some aspects of engineering in it, which means
that a person can even start to understand how they can play a role in environmental
engineering.

Environmental education furnishes individuals with the mindfulness required to build up

organizations, comprehend NGO exercises, create participatory methodologies to urban
planning, and guarantee future markets for eco-business. All of these are not only good for
the environment, but they will also end up being very good for the economy as well, so
everyone gets to benefit from the efforts of those who are going through environmental
education. EE is taught in schools, communities and centers like parks, zoos and museums.

Feature

Leads to responsible individual and group actions.

5. Provides information about specific environmental concerns or problems to the general

public instead of specific group, religion or community.

6. Works to help you think critically so that you aren’t sitting there trying to fit everything
into a neat little box.

7. Involves students in different data-gathering techniques that help them to discuss,

analyze, predict and interpret data about environmental issues.

8. Is study centered, promotes higher-level thinking skills and relevant to student’s everyday
lives.

9. It allows people to discuss complex environmental problems that have no simple answers.

component
  Awareness and Mindfulness: Mindfulness and affectability to nature’s turf and
environmental difficulties that you may encounter as a result of being in the
corporate sector today.
 Knowledge and Learning: Learning and understanding of nature and environmental
difficulties that are holding people back and/or causing the world to change in
negative ways.
 Attitudes: Disposition of sympathy toward nature’s domain and inspiration to
enhance or keep up the environmental quality, which will spill over into any plans
that you make or anything else that you do that is related to the organization that
you currently are working in or developing.
 Skills: Aptitudes to recognize and help resolve environmental difficulties in a
practical manner that matches up with the current trends and technologies that are
out there today.
 Participation: Investment in programs and projects that help reduce the effect of
environmental difficulties, thereby making sure that the money you’re investing is
going to help the environment instead of harming it.
 Promotion of Green Facilities: Making the green initiatives popular and also
providing the required infrastructure to help out with the development of several
environmental aspects. Promotion of green facilities like a self-sustainable kitchen or
even a self-sustaining school could be promoted to boost awareness among the
public as well as to help with the promotion of better environmental relationships.

ANSWER NO-4
Probable taken from the Poem, “Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner”
“Water, water everywhere, and all the boards did shrink, water, water everywhere but
not a drop to drink
(Or something like that. I learned this poem in the 1950’s when a school lad.)
It was considered a curse was put on the Ancient Mariner because he shot an albatross with
his crossbow. They were on the ocean, salt water, but had no drinking water on the ship..
What is the solution for when we run out of water?
Water is a renewable resource. We will never run out of water - but as the per capita
availability decreases, the cost of water is likely to escalate.
Cape Town running out of water is an anomaly caused by a combination of drought and
atrociously bad water resources management. As a last resort there is always desalination -
expensive but sometimes an essential backup. Adelaide, in South Australia, faced a similar
situation of potentially disastrous drought, in a similar situation, and consequently built the
southern hemisphere’s largest desalination plant. If South Africa hadn’t been such a
combination of corruption and incompetence, it could, and should, have done the same.
Most of us will be dead long before we run out of water due to water shortages, food
shortages and diseases contacted by drinking contaminated water. The remaining will die
soon after the water run out.If at all we have to prevent a scenario of water running out, we
need to act now. In fact we may be late already.
Industrial farming is a major culprit of depleting water. We plant vegetables in a dessert and
bring water from far off to irrigate. Or we pump water from underground and forget to
replenish it. Responsible use of water should include cropping depending on the climatic
conditions.
In many cities, the water distribution system is old and leaking. The last leakages goes up to
50% of what is pumped in some cases. Plugging these leakages itself will reduce the water
intake from the reservoirs by almost half.

Sewage treatment is non existent in many parts of the world especially in the developing
countries. The treated water can be safely used for non drinking purposes.
Deforestation and uncontrolled sand mining from river beds. The former reduces rainfall
and also the absorption capacity of the soil. While the latter decreases the water table
putting more pressure on water deep underground.
As for the solution, there are many books and technical papers on this, but as a very brief
summary, the solution is to be ‘water smart’. Conserve water across every sector, and
particularly in irrigated agriculture. The latter typically consumes about 70 to 80% of a
country’s available water. There are many ways to deal with this. The cardinal rule is apply
what the crop needs (+ a leachate allowance), and NO MORE! That is, massively improve
irrigation efficiency. For example, by laser leveling of fields, conversion from flood- to
pressure-irrigation systems, decrease conveyance losses, mulch, deep rip soils to improve
natural infiltration, provide shade trees, change to a more flexible farming calendar, switch
to more water-efficient crop cultivars, educate farmers in water efficiency, provide more
comprehensive and accessible technical support to farmers, etc.
Ultimately, sustainable water resources requires a stable population. I don’t see any sign of
this being achieved