Hello, welcome to the next lecture of the fourth module.

We have already talked about the Restoration comedy writers and John Dryden. This third
lecture is on

the other writers of the Restoration.

We start with Samuel Butler. Samuel Butler is the author of Hudibras,

a satire on the Puritans that came in three parts in 1663, 64 and 1678.

Samuel Butler was the assistant to George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham, and together with
the Duke of

Buckingham, Samuel Butler wrote The Rehearsal, against Dryden. William D'Avenant and
Thomas Killigrew

were two writers who wrote before the Civil War started and continued to write in the
Restoration period

as well.

William D'Avenant was the unofficial Poet Laureate

before John Dryden.

In the Restoration period, there were two important diarists, Samuel Pepys and John Evelyn.

They were both writing diaries but in slightly different styles. Samuel Pepys wrote diaries from
1660

1669, and John Evelyn wrote diaries from 1641 to 1697.

An important philosopher during this time was John Locke. John Locke wrote "An Essay
Concerning Human Understanding"

published in 1690.

Another important writer during this time was William Temple. You might already know that
William Temple

was the patron of Jonathan Swift. William Temple wrote "Of Ancient and Modern Learning", a
book supporting

ancients. At that time there was a debate going on: who are important the ancients or the
moderns? William
Temple supported the ancients. He supported particularly one writer called Phalaris, the author
of

Epistles. However, this Phalaris was proved to be a spurious writer. William Temple was put to
ridicule

and Jonathan Swift wrote The Battle of the Books to support William Temple and to support the
ancients.

The next important writer is John Bunyan.

John Bunyan was born near Bedford, and he became a nonconformist preacher. He was
imprisoned for this,

for preaching without license. Many of his important works were written in prison: Profitable

Meditations was the first of his prison books. Bunyan's spiritual autobiography Grace Abounding
to the

Chief of Sinners was also written in prison. Pilgrim's Progress came in 1678, the same year as
the third

book of Hudibras was published.

And Pilgrim's Progress became very very famous,

even more famous than the Bible at that time. Many people began to write continuations to this
book.

So Bunyan was forced to write a second part of Pilgrim's Progress as well.

I will tell you about Pilgrim's Progress in a while, but first let me tell you the list of his important

works.

Pilgrim's Progress was followed by "The Life and Death of Mr. Badman", which is in the form
of a conversation

between Mr. Wiseman and Mr. Attentive.

Then came another book "The Holy War", which is about the attack on Mansoul (a town)

by the devil and Mansoul has five gates, representing the five senses.

Now, let me talk to you about Pilgrim's Progress. Pilgrim's Progress is the story of Christian.
He sees in a dream that his city is going to be destroyed by fire.

His city is the City of Destruction,

and he asks his villagers and family to accompany him.

He wants to go to Celestial City.

Nobody accompanies him.

So he undertakes the journey alone.

In the journey,

he passes many places which represent the sinner's journey towards God.

The places are the emotions or the experiences of a sinner.

In his journey towards God,

Christian first passes through the Slough of Despond.

The Burning Mount, the Wicket Gate, the Interpreter's House...

And then he comes to the Cross where the burden on his back falls off.

After this, he comes to Hill Difficulty,

House Beautiful,

The Valley of the Shadow of Death,

And then Vanity Fair.

Until then Christian had a companion called Faithful. Faithful is put to death in the unending fair
in

the city of Vanity, which is presided over by Lord Hategood.

From there,

Christian is accompanied by Hopeful. He continues his journey through Doubting Castle,

Delectable Mountains,

Bypath Meadow, etc., and finally comes to the country of Beulah, after which he crosses over to
the Celestial
City, at the gate of which St. Peter welcomes him.

In the second part of Pilgrim's Progress, Christian's wife Christiana undertakes more or less the
same

journey, but she is accompanied by the maid Mercy and her four sons, and they are escorted by
Great Heart.

So that is about John Bunyan and Pilgrim's Progress.

We have come to the end of the seventeenth century. The next module will be on the 18th
century.

Thank you very much.