TYPES OF ELECTRICAL WIRES

1. Non-Metallic Cable (NM) – is one of the most common types of electrical wires in modern
homes. These cables typically feature a hot wire, a ground wire, and a neutral wire in one
sheathing. They’re also sometimes referred to as Romex cables. NM cables are used to conduct
electricity throughout switches, outlets, and other appliances.

2. Armored Cable/ AC cables /BX wiring - is often used in areas with stricter rules and regulations
surrounding electrical codes, where NM cables may not be allowed. Armored cables are more
expensive than NM cables but they’re also sturdier and safer. It has metallic protective covering
used mainly in areas where the wire is outside a finished wall and acts as an electrical conduit

3. Metal-Clad Cable (MC) – Metal clad cables, or MC cables, are covered in a protective metal
sheath. This type of cable is sturdier than a typical NM cable and is suitable for areas that may
be unfinished or exposed, such basement.

Metal clad cable can be installed for service, feeder, and branch circuitry. In other
words, MC is useful for wiring your main electrical panel from your service head, your sub panel
(if applicable) to your main electrical panel, and your individual outlets and lighting circuits from
your main electrical panel.

4. THHN/THWN wire - THHN stands for thermoplastic highly heat resistant nylon-coated wire, and
THWN stands for thermoplastic heat-resistant wire rated for wet locations. Both of these types
of insulated wire are often used to connect appliances with branch circuits.

5. Underground Feeder Cable/ UF cable - is typically used to bring electricity to outdoor spaces.
Unlike NM cables, the individual wires are wrapped in plastic and they’re protected against
damage from moisture and sunlight. In many cases, these cables are actually buried
underground to carry electricity to outbuildings like sheds or detached garages.

6. Low-voltage wiring – are often used in areas where you don’t need much electricity. They’re
suitable for circuits that uses less than 50 volts. Commonly used for small appliances such as
doorbells and thermostats.

7. Phone and data wire – used for home landline telephone. Used to transmit data rather than
electrical current.

8. Coaxial Cable – Commonly used to connect television with cable service or satellite dishes. It
can also be used to transmit phone and internet data.
Wire sizes

Wire gauge - refers to the physical size and current carrying capacity of the wire. A fixed numerical
designation is given to it that is inversely proportional to the diameter of the conductors. In simple
terms, if the wire gauge number is small, it will have a larger diameter. It is vital to know the sizes in the
cable to ensure it carries an appropriate amount of current securely. The gauge rank also determines
the resistance of the wire and its weight per unit length.

You may determine the gauge based on the helpful pointers below assigned according to Wire Use-
Rated Ampacity:

18-gauge - used for low-voltage lighting and lamp cords in 10 amps

16-gauge - used for light-duty extension cords supporting 13 amps

14-gauge - used for light fixtures, lamps, lighting circuits with 15 amps

12-gauge - used in kitchen, bathroom, outdoor receptacles, and 120-volt air conditioners
supporting 20 amps (power outlets = 20 amps)

10-gauge - used in electric clothes dryers, 240-volt window air conditioners, electric water
heaters supporting 30 amps

6-gauge - used for cook tops and ranges carrying 40-50 amps

4-gauge - used for electric furnaces and large electric heaters protected at 60 amps