Cause and

Effect

bernz
Hello!

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 One of the most
important questions
human beings ask, is
“Why”
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Ralph Waldo Emerson said the Law of
Cause and Effect is the “law of laws”.

• The law of cause and effect states

that every cause has an effect and
every effect becomes the cause of
something else.

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• “Shallow men believe in luck or in
circumstance. Strong men believe in
cause and effect.”
• “Nothing happens by chance. Every
action has a reaction or
consequence “We reap what we
sow”.

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What does cause - and - effect mean?

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What does cause - and - effect mean?
Cause - and - effect describes a
relationship between actions or events
in which at least one action or event is a
direct result of the others.

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What does cause - and - effect mean?
A cause - and - effect relationship can
have multiple causes and one effect.

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What does cause - and - effect mean?
A cause - and - effect relationship can also
have one cause but many effects.

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What does cause - and - effect mean?
Cause - and - effect relationships can
have multiple causes and multiple
effects.

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)

“
1. Efficient Cause
2. Material Cause
3. Formal Cause
4. Final Cause

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
1. Efficient Cause
• Why is the table this way?

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
1. Efficient Cause
• Why is the table this way?

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
1. Efficient Cause
• Why is the table this way?

• Efficient cause is the agent or thing

that brings something about.

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Why is the table this way?

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
2. Material Cause – refers to quality and properties

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Why is the table this way?

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
3 . Formal Cause – refers to form, structure, design

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Why is the table this way?

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The Four Causes (Aristotle)
4 . Final Cause – refers to the ultimate end or reason for the
thing

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Primary and
Secondary
Causality

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Primary and Secondary
Causality

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Primary and Secondary
Causality

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Breaking Down Cause
and Effect
Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt – a prompt can be a passage of text, a

word, or even an image. Writing prompts are a type of assessment
or activity that directs individuals to write about a given topic in a
certain way

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt:
• Cause and effect writing prompts will often ask the “why”
question:

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt:
• Cause and effect writing prompts will often ask the “why”
question:
e.g. Why are reality shows popular?

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt:
• Sometimes they use words like analyze, connection, or
relationship:
e.g. What is the connection between greenhouse gases and

climate change?

Analyze the relationship between doing and

learning

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect

Writing Prompt:
• Other prompts may ask you to explain the cause and effect
relationship.
e.g. Explain the effects of livestock production on
climate change.

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect
Writing Prompt:
• Other prompts might ask to look for different kinds of
cause/effect relationships:
e.g. Stated cause/effect relationships: the relationship is
stated clearly
Unstated cause/effect relationships: you will need to
make inferences or “read between the linked” to make
connections in the relationship

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect
Writing Prompt:
• Other prompts might ask to look for different kinds of
cause/effect relationships:
e.g. Reciprocal cause/effect relationships: effects may
be part of a chain. In this kind of structure, one effect
goes on to cause a second effect, which may then cause a
third effect, etc.

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect
Writing Prompt:
• Unstated cause/effect relationships:
To find the effect, ask yourself: “What happened?”
To find the cause, ask yourself: “Why did it happen?”

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect
Writing Prompt:
• Unstated cause/effect relationships:
To find the effect, ask yourself: “What happened?”
To find the cause, ask yourself:“Why did it happen?”

e.g. The Great Barrier Reef is threatened by global warming; the rising
water temperature causes reef bleaching, making the reef less colorful
and more prone to disease.

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Breaking Down Cause and Effect
Writing Prompt:
• Unstated cause/effect relationships:
e.g. When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the
habitats of birds. This reduces the number of nest sites. As a result,
fewer baby birds are hatched, and the bird population declines.

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Task
• List down the cause and effect
When people cut down trees to clear land,
they destroy the habitats of birds. This
reduces the number of nest sites. As a
result, fewer baby birds are hatched,
and
the bird population declines.

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Task

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Task

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Formatting Cause and
Effect
Formatting Cause and Effect
Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow a basic paragraph
format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence and this sentence
is followed by specific supporting details.

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Formatting Cause and Effect
Cause/effect paragraphs generally follow a basic paragraph
format. That is, they begin with a topic sentence and this sentence
is followed by specific supporting details.

T opic sentence - introduces an effect

S upporting sentences - all describe causes.

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 Formatting Cause and Effect
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth’s
population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the
increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many
factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of
better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many
schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of
a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move
to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure,
entertainment, and cultures, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For
many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the
farm and therefore drew them away from rural communities.

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 Formatting Cause and Effect
In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50 % of the Earth’s population lives in
urban areas . There are several reasons for this occurrence . First, the increasing industrialization of the
nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities . These
jobs, with their promise of better material life, attracted many people from rural areas . Second, there were
many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers . The promise of a better
education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities . Finally, as the cities
grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and cultures, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and
museums . For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm and
therefore drew them away from rural communities .

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Task
Effect: Anxiety has increased among college
students.
Causes: List 3 ideas you have about possible
causes.
__________
__________
__________

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Want big impact?
Use big image.

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Thanks!
Any questions?
You can find me at:

● @username
● user@mail.me

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