Title: Refraction

Aim: To investigate the relationship between the angle of incidence, the angle of emergence and the
corresponding angles of refraction for glass

THEORY: Refraction is the bending of rays when travelled from one medium to another

Variables: manipulating: angle of incidence responding: angle of refraction

Apparatus:1) glass block

2) ruler

3)paper

4)protractor

5)four colored markers

6)tacks

7) pencil

8)board.
Diagram:

Method:
1. Tack a sheet of paper onto a board.
2. Place the glass block in the middle (Center) of the paper and outline with a pencil.
3. Use a protractor to draw a normal on the middle of the long side of the block.
4. Label the intersection of the normal and the glass block as point x.
5. Use the protractor again to measure out and draw lines at the angle of incidence of
100,200, up to 600.
6. Draw on the line two lines upright, so that the line is as close to the block as possible
and line 1 is close to the edge of the paper.
7. Then replace the glass block. Looking through the glass block at image 1 and 2 to ensure
that the image of line 1 is behind the image of line 2.
8. Ensure line 3 is close to the block so it appears to be in line with images of line 1 and 2.
9. Draw line 4 close to the edge of the paper in line with line 3 and place the images of 1
and 2 over the line.
10. Measure line 3 with a protractor and then recorded.
11. Repeat the procedure for all angles of incidence drawn.
 Table of incidence: table showing the relationship between angle of incidence and
refraction

Ө ἱ l0±l0 Ө rl0±l0 Sin ἱ Sin r

10

20

30

40

50

60

GRAPH SHOWING SIN i VS SIN r

PRECAUTIONS: Tacts Holding Paper from Moving

SOURCES OF ERROR: Parallax Error