Measures of Position

 It is the number that tells where the score relative to the others in a set of data
 It is a measure whether a value is about the average or whether unusually high or low.
Quartile of Ungrouped Data

The quartiles are the score points which

divide a distribution into four equal parts.

Interquartile Range: The difference between the third

quartile and the first quartile (Mann 2012). IQR = Q3 - Q1

Example 1:

The cashier of a milk tea hub was assigned to record the number of sales for every flavor in a
day. The results were 9, 12, 10, 10, 14, 13, 15, 9, 11, 16 and 8. Find the lower quartile and upper
quartile of the data.

• Arrange the data in ascending order. n=11, where n is the number of data.

8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

Lower quartile: 9 Middle value: 11 Upper quartiles: 14

Tip: 1. Find the middle value or the median. And determine the middle value of quartile 1 and 2.

• Compute the Interquartile Range:

IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 14 - 9 = 5

Example 2:

The group of students major in Physical Education recorded the number of curl-ups they
achieved within 30 minutes. The results were 21, 19, 18, 25, 20, 22, 24, 19, and 18. Find the Q 1
and Q3.

• Arrange the data in ascending order. n=9

18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25

MV
We can also do our calculation, where n=9, the value of our data set

• Since the lower quartile falls below 25% then, we can calculate this by,

0.25 × n = 0.25 × 9 = 2.25. So, we need to take the value midway between 2nd value and the
3rd value. Therefore, it will become, 18+19/2 = 37/2 = 18.5 -> Q1

• Q3 = 75% × n = 0.75 × 9 = 6.75 -> round off to the next larger number. So, it means that, we
need to take the value midway of 7th and 8th value. It will become, 22+24/2=46/2=23-> Q3

Deciles of Ungrouped Data

The deciles are the score points which divide a distribution into ten equal parts.

Formula: where, k is the number of locations.

Example:
• If the quotient obtained is not a whole number, round to the next larger whole number.
• If the quotient is a whole number use the value halfway between the
Heart's mom told her to record her scores in the 3rd quarter periodical exam. The results were
knth /10 + (knth /10 + 1 )th .
42, 38, 45, 39, 40, 43, 46, and 37. Find the 5th decile and 8th decile.

Arrange the data in ascending order. n=8

37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46

Dk = Kn/10 = 5(8)/10 = 40/10 = 4 {Since the answer is a whole number, we have to use this
formula:
Kn/10 (th) + [ kn/10 + 1 ](th)
= 4th + (4+1)th / 2
= 4th + 5th / 2
= 40 + 42 / 2
= 82 /2
Therefore, D5 = 41
Dk = Kn/10 = 8(8)/10 = 64/10 = 6.4 -> 7th { Since the answer is in decimal form, we have to
round off the answer to its next larger number.

Therefore, D8 = 45

Percentiles of Ungrouped Data

The percentile are the score points which divide a distribution into hundred equal parts.

Formula:

Name Height
• If the quotient obtained is not a whole number, round to the next larger whole number.
(in cm)
• If the quotient is a whole number use the value halfway between the
Example 1: Elaijah 109. 2
knth /10 + (knth /10 + 1) th .
Your class volunteer to facilitate the Shane 127. 7 feeding program
of your school's baranggay. They noticed that there are 15
pupils who participated on the activity. Raj 113 When the porridge
was cooked you told them to line up according to their
Chamae 110.1
heights. Find P81.
Chloe 121.3

Raj 118

Rhoj 109.9

Princess 124.8

Clark 112

Stephen 126.5

Clyde 115.2

Charmelle 117.8

Lovely 111.1

Whayne 122.2

Aliza 110.9
•Arrange in ascending order: n=15

109.2, 109.9, 110.1, 110.9, 111.1, 112, 113, 115.2, 117.8, 118, 121.3, 122.2, 124.8, 126.5, 127.7

Pk = kn/100

P81 = 81(15)/100

= 1215/100

= 12.15 -> 13th {round of to the next larger number}

= 124.8

Therefore, Princess is in 81th percentile.

Example 2:

What if you are asked to find the percentile rank?

Formula: Percentile rank of x = [ (number of values below x) + 0.5 / n] (100)

: Using the same date find the percentile rank of Whayne's height, 122.2?

Percentile rank of 122.2 = [(11 + 0.5) / 15] (100)

= (11.05/15) (100)
= (0.736666666) (100)
= 73.66666666 -> 74th
Therefore, Whayne's height, 122.2 is in 74th percentile.