Solutions Manual Numerical Analysis 9th

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Student Sol uti ons Manual and Study Gui de

Chapters 1 & 2 Previ ew
for
Numerical Analysis
9th EDITION
Ri chard L. Burden
Youngstown State University
J. Dougl as Fai res

Prepared by
Ri chard L. Burden
J. Dougl as Fai res

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Contents
Prefa e v
Mathemati al Preliminaries 1
Exer ise Set 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Exer ise Set 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exer ise Set 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Solutions of Equations of One Variable 15

Exer ise Set 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Exer ise Set 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Exer ise Set 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Exer ise Set 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Exer ise Set 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Exer ise Set 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation 37

Exer ise Set 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Exer ise Set 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Exer ise Set 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Exer ise Set 3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Exer ise Set 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Exer ise Set 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Numeri al Differentiation and Integration 61

Exer ise Set 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Exer ise Set 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Exer ise Set 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Exer ise Set 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Exer ise Set 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Exer ise Set 4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Exer ise Set 4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Exer ise Set 4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Exer ise Set 4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Initial-Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations 89

Exer ise Set 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Exer ise Set 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Exer ise Set 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
iii

iv
Exer ise Set 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Exer ise Set 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Exer ise Set 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Exer ise Set 5.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Exer ise Set 5.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Exer ise Set 5.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Exer ise Set 5.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Exer ise Set 5.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Dire t Methods for Solving Linear Systems 119

Exer ise Set 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Exer ise Set 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Exer ise Set 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Exer ise Set 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Exer ise Set 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Exer ise Set 6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Iterative Te hniques in Matrix Algebra 151

Exer ise Set 7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Exer ise Set 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Exer ise Set 7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Exer ise Set 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Exer ise Set 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Exer ise Set 7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Approximation Theory 165

Exer ise Set 8.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Exer ise Set 8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Exer ise Set 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Exer ise Set 8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Exer ise Set 8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Exer ise Set 8.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Approximating Eigenvalues 179

Exer ise Set 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Exer ise Set 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Exer ise Set 9.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Exer ise Set 9.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Exer ise Set 9.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Exer ise Set 9.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Numeri al Solutions of Nonlinear Systems of Equations 199

Exer ise Set 10.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Exer ise Set 10.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Exer ise Set 10.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Exer ise Set 10.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Exer ise Set 10.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

Boundary-Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations 213

Exer ise Set 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Exer ise Set 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Exer ise Set 11.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Exer ise Set 11.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Exer ise Set 11.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Numeri al Solutions to Partial Differential Equations 233

Exer ise Set 12.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Exer ise Set 12.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Exer ise Set 12.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Exer ise Set 12.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242

vi Prefa e

2 Exer ise Set 1.1
9. Find the se ond Taylor polynomial for f (x) = ex cos x about x0 = 0, and:
a. Use P2 (0.5) to approximate f (0.5), nd an upper bound for |f (0.5) − P2 (0.5)|, and ompare this
to the a tual error.

b. Find a bound for the error |f (x) − P2 (x)|, for x in [0, 1].
Z 1 Z 1
. Approximate f (x) dx using P2 (x) dx.
0 0
d.Find an upper bound for the error in part ( ).
SOLUTION: Sin e
f ′ (x) = ex (cos x − sin x), f ′′ (x) = −2ex (sin x), and f ′′′ (x) = −2ex (sin x + cos x),
we have f (0) = 1, f ′ (0) = 1, and f ′′ (0) = 0. So
−2eξ (sin ξ + cos ξ) 3
P2 (x) = 1 + x and R2 (x) = x .
3!
a. We have P2 (0.5) = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 and
−2eξ (sin ξ + cos ξ)

1
|f (0.5) − P2 (0.5)| ≤ max (0.5) ≤ (0.5)2 max |eξ (sin ξ + cos ξ)|.
2
ξ∈[0.0.5] 3! 3 ξ∈[0,0.5]
To maximize this quantity on [0, 0.5], rst note that Dx ex (sin x + cos x) = 2ex cos x > 0, for all x in
[0, 0.5]. This implies that the maximum and minimum values of ex (sin x + cos x) on [0, 0.5] o ur at
the endpoints of the interval, and
e0 (sin 0 + cos 0) = 1 < e0.5 (sin 0.5 + cos 0.5) ≈ 2.24.
Hen e
1
|f (0.5) − P2 (0.5)| ≤ (0.5)3 (2.24) ≈ 0.0932.
3
b. A similar analysis to that in part (a) gives, for all x ∈ [0, 1],
1
|f (x) − P2 (x)| ≤ (1.0)3 e1 (sin 1 + cos 1) ≈ 1.252.
3
.
1 1 1
x2

3
Z Z
f (x) dx ≈ 1 + x dx = x + = .
0 0 2 0 2
d. From part (b),
1 1 1
1 1
Z Z Z
|R2 (x)| dx ≤ e (cos 1 + sin 1)x3 dx = 1.252x3 dx = 0.313.
0 0 3 0
Sin e
1 1
ex

e 1
Z
ex cos x dx = (cos x + sin x) = (cos 1 + sin 1) − (1 + 0) ≈ 1.378,
0 2 0 2 2
the a tual error is |1.378 − 1.5| ≈ 0.12.

Mathemati al Preliminaries 7
b. With three-digit rounding arithmeti we have e0.100 = 1.11 and e−0.100 = 0.905, so
1.11 − 0.905 0.205
f (0.100) = = = 2.05.
0.100 0.100
. The third Ma laurin polynomials give

1 1 1 1
ex ≈ 1 + x + x2 + x3 and e−x ≈ 1 − x + x2 − x3 ,
2 6 2 6
so
1 + x + 12 x2 + 61 x3 − 1 − x + 21 x2 − 16 x3 2x + 31 x3

1
f (x) ≈ = = 2 + x2 .
x x 3
Thus, with three-digit rounding, we have
1
f (0.100) ≈ 2 + (0.100)2 = 2 + (0.333)(0.001) = 2.00 + 0.000333 = 2.00.
3
15. . Find the de imal equivalent of the oating-point ma hine number

0 01111111111 0101001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
SOLUTION: This binary ma hine number is the de imal number

2 4 7 8 !
1 1 1 1
+ 21023−1023 1 + + + +
2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 83
= 20 1 + + + + =1+ = 1.32421875.
4 16 128 256 256
16. . Find the de imal equivalents of the next largest and next smallest oating-point ma hine number to
0 01111111111 0101001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000.
SOLUTION: The next smallest ma hine number is

0 01111111111 0101001011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
=1.32421875 − 21023−1023 2−52

=1.3242187499999997779553950749686919152736663818359375,
and next largest ma hine number is

0 01111111111 0101001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
=1.32421875 + 21023−1023 2−52

=1.3242187500000002220446049250313080847263336181640625.
21. a. Show that the polynomial nesting te hnique an be used to evaluate

f (x) = 1.01e4x − 4.62e3x − 3.11e2x + 12.2ex − 1.99.

12 Exer ise Set 1.3
b. G(x) = L1 + L2 + O (xγ )
SOLUTION: Suppose for suf iently small |x| we have positive onstants k1 and k2 independent of
x, for whi h
|F1 (x) − L1 | ≤ K1 |x|α and |F2 (x) − L2 | ≤ K2 |x|β .
Let c = max (|c1 |, |c2 |, 1), K = max (K1 , K2 ), and δ = max (α, β).
a. We have
|F (x) − c1 L1 − c2 L2 | =|c1 (F1 (x) − L1 ) + c2 (F2 (x) − L2 )|

≤|c1 |K1 |x|α + |c2 |K2 |x|β
≤cK |x|α + |x|β

≤cK|x|γ 1 + |x|δ−γ ≤ K|x|γ ,

for suf iently small |x|. Thus, F (x) = c1 L1 + c2 L2 + O (xγ ).

b. We have
|G(x) − L1 − L2 | =|F1 (c1 x) + F2 (c2 x) − L1 − L2 |

≤K1 |c1 x|α + K2 |c2 x|β
≤Kcδ |x|α + |x|β

≤Kcδ |x|γ 1 + |x|δ−γ ≤ K ′′ |x|γ ,

for suf iently small |x|. Thus, G(x) = L1 + L2 + O (xγ ).

16. Consider the Fibona i sequen e dened by F0 = 1, F1 = 1, and Fn+2 = Fn+1 + Fn , if n ≥ 0.
Dene xn = Fn+1 n . Assuming that limn→∞ xn = x onverges, show that the limit is the golden
√ /F
ratio: x = 1 + 5 /2.
SOLUTION: Sin e
1
lim xn = lim xn+1 = x and xn+1 = 1 + ,
n→∞ n→∞ xn
we have
1
x=1+ , whi h implies that x2 − x − 1 = 0.
x
√
The only positive solution to this quadrati equation is x = 1 + 5 /2.
17. The Fibona i sequen e also satises the equation
" √ !n √ !n #
1 1+ 5 1− 5
Fn ≡ F̃n = √ − .
5 2 2
a. Write a Maple pro edure to al ulate F100 .

b. Use Maple with the default value of Digits followed by evalf to al ulate F̃100 .
. Why is the result from part (a) more a urate than the result from part (b)?
d. Why is the result from part (b) obtained more rapidly than the result from part (a)?
e. What results when you use the ommand simplify instead of evalf to ompute F̃100 ?

32 Exer ise Set 2.5
(0) (0) (1)

Substituting for p0 , p2 , and p0 gives
2 2
(0) (0)
p1 − 1 p1 − 1
0.75 = 1 − (0)
, that is, 0.25 = (0)
.
3 − 2p1 + 1 4 − 2p1
Thus
1 (0) (0) 2 (0)

(0)
2
(0)
1 − p1 = p1 − 2p1 + 1, so 0 = p1 − 1.5p1 ,
2
(0) (0)
and p1 = 1.5 or p1 = 0.
11. b. Use Steffensen's method to approximate the solution to within 10−5 of x = 0.5(sin x + cos x),
where g(x) = 0.5(sin x + cos x).
SOLUTION: With g(x) = 0.5(sin x + cos x), we have
(0) (0)
p0 = 0, p1 = g(0) = 0.5,
(0)
p2 = g(0.5) = 0.5(sin 0.5 + cos 0.5) = 0.678504051,
2
(0) (0)
p1 − p0
(1) (0)
p0 = p0 − (0) (0) (0)
= 0.777614774,
p2 − 2p1 + p0

(1) (1)
p1 = g p0 = 0.707085363,

(1) (1)
p2 = g p1 = 0.704939584,
2
(1) (1)
p1 − p0
(2) (1)
p0 = p0 − (1) (1) (1)
= 0.704872252,
p2 − 2p1 + p0

(2) (2)
p1 = g p0 = 0.704815431,

(2) (2)
p2 = g p1 = 0.704812197,
2
(2) (2)
p1 − p0
(3) (2)
p0 = p0 = (2) (2) (2)
= 0.704812002,
p2 − 2p1 + p0

(3) (3)
p1 = g p0 = 0.704812002,
and

(3) (3)
p2 = g p1 = 0.704812197.
(3) (3) (3) (3)
Sin e p2 , p1p0 , and all agree to within 10−5 , we a ept p2 = 0.704812197 as an answer that is
−5
a urate to within 10 .
14. a. {pn } that onverges to p with order α > 1 onverges superlinearly to p.

Show that a sequen e
1
b. Show that the sequen e pn = onverges superlinearly to 0, but does not onverge of order α for
nn
any α > 1.
SOLUTION: Sin e {pn } onverges to p with order α > 1, a positive onstant λ exists with
|pn+1 − p|
λ = lim .
n→∞ |pn − p|α

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© 2011 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning ISBN-13: 978-0-538-73563-6

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Exer ise Set 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Exer ise Set 1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Solutions of Equations of One Variable 15

Exer ise Set 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Exer ise Set 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Exer ise Set 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Exer ise Set 2.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Exer ise Set 2.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation 37

Exer ise Set 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Exer ise Set 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Exer ise Set 3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Exer ise Set 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Exer ise Set 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Numeri al Differentiation and Integration 61

Exer ise Set 4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Exer ise Set 4.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Exer ise Set 4.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Exer ise Set 4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Exer ise Set 4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Exer ise Set 4.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Exer ise Set 4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

Exer ise Set 4.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Initial-Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations 89

Exer ise Set 5.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Exer ise Set 5.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

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Exer ise Set 5.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Exer ise Set 5.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Exer ise Set 5.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Exer ise Set 5.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Exer ise Set 5.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Exer ise Set 5.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Exer ise Set 5.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Exer ise Set 5.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Dire t Methods for Solving Linear Systems 119

Exer ise Set 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Exer ise Set 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Exer ise Set 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Exer ise Set 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Exer ise Set 6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Iterative Te hniques in Matrix Algebra 151

Exer ise Set 7.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Exer ise Set 7.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

Exer ise Set 7.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Exer ise Set 7.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Exer ise Set 7.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Approximation Theory 165

Exer ise Set 8.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Exer ise Set 8.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Exer ise Set 8.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Exer ise Set 8.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Exer ise Set 8.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Approximating Eigenvalues 179

Exer ise Set 9.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

Exer ise Set 9.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184