Lecture 1.

1: Universe and Our Solar System

The big bang produces the elementary particles, subatomic particles, and the atom, while it expands.
Nowadays the observable universe is composed of galaxies, and within the galaxies are star systems (Solar
System), and within the star systems are the planets, planets can be classified into two (2) categories.
Terrestrial and Jovian. Basically, Terrestrial planets are mostly composed of metals and rocks, while Jovian
planets are composed of gas. Earth has four (4) spheres: Lithosphere (All landmass, soil, and rocks),
Atmosphere (all air and pressurized gas within the gravity of the Earth), Hydrosphere (All water bodies of
the Earth), and Biosphere (All living things that can be found on Earth). Aside from these four (4) spheres,
we may be able to add another sphere, and that is CRYOSPHERE (All frozen water part of the Earth).

LARGE TO SMALL SCALING

The Universe has multiple galaxies, and within these galaxies are multiple star systems including our very
own solar system, and within these star systems are the planets.

Take note: Universe > Galaxy > Star System > Planet
LET’S VISUALIZE!

1. Formation of The Solar System (6 Minutes)

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1QTc5YeO6w

Guide Question: What is the hypothesis being discussed in the video?

Define the following terms:

1. Accretion
2. Coalescence
2. Formation of Planets

Youtube: https://youtu.be/UNPj7e6XJCQ

Guide Image:

Guide Question: What is the process that combines the planetesimals into protoplanets, and protoplanets
combined into planets?

Define the following terms:

1. Planetesimal
2. Protoplanet

3. Structure of Our Sun (Star)

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HoTK_Gqi2Q
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFxJ_8ob6BM

Guide Question: What is the nuclear process that takes place within the sun?

Define:

1. Nuclear Fusion
2. Nuclear Fission
3. Radioactive Decay
4. Internal Structure of the Earth

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXiVGEEPQ6c
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjXSCumeqxo
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9ncfAsmiSg

Guide Question:

1. What creates the magnetic field of the Earth?

2. Why is the magnetic field of the Earth important to the life forms or organisms living within the Earth?