CAMBRIDGE Gillie Cunningham, Jan Bell & Theresa Clementson with Chris Redston Tere NNT lile se Profile Student's Book erg[BF see teacher's pv TA Make s.good pe RAD Tecoma Speen oe E Renter oS —_—_— ATT emis é 6 Favourte savings pia Sis Ss 2A Exceptions people p16 Fein: ac oe 2B Memorabie places p20. sition a 2C Spoilt for choice p24 deserting ples “making recommendations wai | TA Bong confident poo Sain aed pea ae. 38 A appx heathy Me 20 Sawn = 1 30 We he way vou say pod OBS ee | SEE Society andthe media 28 oleae errs eam 3B Gites and technology nd0 "RS aa 4C Making a splash p44 awepaper language a “GA Behind the glamour p48 widoulon ij reins wihmutbe eleve perars resigs ‘5B The young ones ps0 mt iinewh baton 1 . : vernon caste SC Priorities (p84 wEKeesons news ee‘atngbiaow 0 ‘op with Pronunciation tie wrt ‘Das: wheal oo end? ere dag ak Innes Wrogo os ie? Ise tip sing ot at? ‘sng pete msn Tan Ba Fare sear Dasa win ope taltwnaravad Ralopugannesbutasain —— Apwioneaine Ponetaban rasan tip th roan Connecting waa) secs ‘Sioa mma ors go ube ‘ag a ene Tea Ha AT tc ae Deki as Ib Tae Tae ag a naa Ee hob neonates Taconnaningpaaee vain carey lien aN "aromaae hig bu stan aura Tana insur anone” Bon eT anesting waza) Hp in ronitin {fone it hoes gh Suen nee) cum eran ein ys Eas Gana abe ow oo Ova own nn wr, Wo rer sousetup eco om, Suton espe ns ahh ST fered pion eee odera War pe mda ‘Doss abet ogamrss Fee are hap th ronan eerie : Dearne andes eaeinetere ‘adh oranre: Hw SirTok “Teo _ aa Wing tans ssp Te iver wh aear Troneaae Tony Tiever wn Vee Tosa ae ‘anos worn tp ith Ponrition {any nna Sponsor ‘eb fo ott) ) Perr ee ar ee inanien wine yee —~—~Cngace Spatial sic ce 2) ‘aang wa oe ea dance Denim sae was Wilting tas oa erate: hig acs p88Were tod rg Geekore] Se Rae seer oF SRRSNONRAIE sneha e Seay = 3S an namical pa a a a a a oe TA ting reer went pa POET =a Serer as ao Pa oo is cameo aa a ea a ee 88 Feart PO FOF Dulding 2): ses ‘wherever, ofinever, water, et. a ‘8C_ Not guilty! pes Mlomaticphreses “emplening cices Se ee pe crhecerececon ner ss aie es eae —— a ey Sree co oe scene a TTT Se ooiot naa eed par nd run Werks Lasaassewreree 2seee Poel Cees} Pe] Taking sbi hats ol ith Pronunciation Stowng as Fear tars ar bat hy ecu ure beacon ‘onectng words: pape (sous naif 0 Pt et) Punctuation: ns ‘ecu facie aerishgcanpayre Peo liga abarisng ‘etsy gv ang Metin tak an ric tt ee ‘ahr cman paS irae setae Ce rae Lo ES Tioviow wi ascncsuraicl ——teaTaoe) ‘Connecting words: canon ‘ol wt Pronunciation esig ot eerrg 2 gis ops o alnes Page Goa as onetonh Te ay Bac fon a V poyanme We be wing oa ‘Wig task: an car ra ance crimp ‘ren afanas person to spendan ig wt ‘Help with Pronunciation tag sus Dseusing ngs wh ion oo Daca gter Decision aout enereresvasesers ep with Pronunciation Centra oscoreadetors lang ow ase anaes aban ae nga ara ‘ak out newer) cempane “ado agar daa encore ‘assur au oster Can money by yap “ad rai bat Sata ar “Hecaece mpanca ot sean ‘Drepesen cana a doen Feel ar ‘ini pan Te sad Oe ore mae, ce aspress ‘oe panes ere ca? ‘Connecting words/phrases ‘ae et (9 ce, ste) Speling: annoy mised wots Wetiag task an cine esting out ‘aise ps Connecting words: ca ard (convo eee see as ara, carn, he 2) Spiga, raise) Writing tas: msgs smorma ‘oma cori 93. Forts ul mentors op with Pronunciation Re oar to ge3 tk Dszssing stoves Dazsg ure angi sages “ado pagar auton Pee docs ta scat decane Targige ang Sraepes ‘Goats aah ‘Resa ‘Audio Scripts piea DVD-ROM Instructions pI76Review Past Simple and Present Perfect El 2 Use these prompts to make questions with you Use the Past Simple or Present Perfect 1 eam / Engle or along tne? ‘Have you been leaning English for along ime? Howl /be/ when have et Engish eon? When be/te last me speak /Englsh outs class? nave o/ wre anyting in English last month? e/a novel at was wt in En 200 acy Sn in Engh recent? ow ong / come / i schoo? Check in [SEINE Work in pairs. Aek and answer the questions in ta Ask follow-up questions. Have you been lessning English fora long tim [firs learned ita school, actually but forgot most of it 301 dseided to do this course. Make a good impression Vocabulary communicating Grammar tine expressions withthe Past Simple and Present Perfect Vocabulary Communicating Bd «Tick the words in bold you know. Check new words/phrases in pis 1 It's santalto make eye contact whan youre speaking 2. On average, leome into contact with sbout 20 people day 8 Onthe whol, women gossip more than men 4 ln general, an butt in rhore than women, which wernan find vary as 65 tyou overhear should intervene, 6 Poltcians generally witter on w Intervewers questions. 7 Elderly people Se having arow in er aneweing the reasons to grumble about the youth cf tod 8 t's rude to eavestirap on other people's conversations, 9 Couples who constantly bicker: it up, 10. Women hat up . at up women, 'b Tick the sentences you agree with. Change the ‘other sentences to make them true for you Perhaps it's not assent to make eye contact, but it might sem ude if you don't ‘© Workin pairs. Compare ideas. Do you agree with each other?Speaking and Listening ED 2 Think of someone (not in the class) who is popular. Why is he/she popular? Write fve reasons bb Workin pairs. Tell your partner about the person you chose. Are any of the reasons for ther popuiarty the same? © Agree on three important communication skils that help to make someone popular. Tall the class. ‘Look at the introduction and the book cover. What did the author ‘and his publishers initialy think about the book? “How to Wn Friends and Influence People, written by Dale Carnegie in 1937, has become an all-time ‘international bestseller The fst print run was limited +0 5,000 copies, which wgs an indication of how small ‘readership the author and the publishers were expecting, However from the very beginning, the book's runaway success meant the publishers had difculty keeping up with demand b EGR 1 Listen to Sy, Amy, Ann and Dean at their book club. Which of Carnegie's suggestions do they mention? © Listen again. Answer these questions, 1 a Why dia Ann suggest the book tothe group? Why wasn't she very moressed with tat frst? Does Sy usualy read books Ike this? Which of Camegie's points do id Dean expect to enioy the book? Wty does he talk about Ns ena, John? Which of Camegie's suggestions id Amy try out? How did the man in the ticket office rect? Work in pairs. Which of Carnegie's suggestions do you think is the ‘most important and why? HELP WITH PRONUNCIATION Attitude words/phrases 2 Listen to three extracts from the book club conversation. Notice the intonation ofthe attitude words/phrases in bold and the pause that follows. 1. Apparently i's sold over 1 millon copies (apparently = 10 say youhave read or heard that something is true) 2 Actually, | thnk people are gat fed up with me talking about i io emchasse a previous statement, and add new information 8 To be hénest, i's the rst te Ive road a book ike this (tobe hanest = to give an opinion, ‘often unexpected or negative) 'b Listen again and practise saying the sentences. ¢ Practise saying the extracts in 5a with these words/phrases. Which ‘can be continued with because? Think of a suitable ending, Franky Presimably In fict d_ Work in pairs. Ask each other about the books you read Have you read any self-help books recently? No. Actually, Pve never read a sel help book in my lie!HELP WITH GRAMMAR Time expressions with the Past Simple and Present Perfect ‘a Look at these sentences. Are they talking about a definite time in the past, or time up to ‘and including now? Which verb form is used? 1 Te bought quite a few sel-nelp books ‘over the past fev months. 2. I've read about 150 pages so far. 3 During the ast couple of weeks ve actualy 'boen trying out some of Carnegie’ suggestions. 4 Unti nov, I've never really had any contact with the quyin the ticket office. 1b Undertine the time expression in each sentence in 6a, ‘© Sometimes we can use the Present Perfect or Past Simple with the same time ‘expression. Compare these sentences. Why did Speaker A use the Past Simple? Why did ‘Speaker B use the Present Perfect? 1. A. told atleast tn people about tat work this Wook. the speaker considers the working week finished ‘ye told atleast ten people about at work this week the speaker considers the working week unfinished 2A [read it during the summer holidays, B've read alot of books dung the last month, A. Since Ann suggested this one, I've reac ‘ couple of hi other books. BB 've read lots of his books since I've been Lnemoloyed. 4A As socn as | finished reading it, | gave it tomy brother, BAS scon as I've finished reading itm ‘90Ing to give it to my brother. 4 Check in EEIUTIINED 1135. ‘a Write sentences about things you have read or done recently. Use the Past Simple or Present Perfact with these time expressions. 1. as.so0n as uring since this Wook ‘er the past few weeks /months sotar ‘As soon as finished my exams, read Anna Karenina, 'b Work in pairs. Discuss your sentences. Ask follow-up questions. Reading = Workin pairs. Give examples of what you consider to be ‘good and Dad service in shops, restaurants, et bb Rcd the article. Why do very tienaly shop assistants annoy the writer? © Read the article again, Tick the true sentences. Correct the false ones. 1+ Thewrter was ina hury when se wentinto the shop. She werdoced wy th shop assistants behaviour nad upset he. ‘She enjoyed the food she hac athe restaurant. She od the watrase what se thought ofthe fod No psychological study has the same vw as brs ‘She wouldn't obec fo assistants who were natal tery The sacond tne she met tho shop assistant, she et the sare way. ‘Se wes persuaded to buy something wtheut realising 2 3 4 ‘ 6 7 8 “EN DAYS AGO, on the way to a meeting, | remembered that |iwas running low on face cream. There was a chemists, ‘cross the road s0 Iran in, grabbed a jar at random and headed over to the counter “Having a good day?" asked the gil atthe til, beaming biisstuly “Yes thanks," | replied. “That's great” She ran the scanner over the jar, and made purposeful eye contact. “Been shopping all morning?” Not having the time to take her through my diary, | made a vaguely affirmative noise. “Yeah? Luciy youl" She told me the price and sai, “So, got ‘anything plannes for this afternoon?” "Oh, you know.” | said, avarg of time ticking by. “This and that. Stuff” {AS [hurried on my way | found myself thinking about the gir land the barrage of niceness | had just experienced. Why did it make me fee! so bed? Was it churlsh not to chat back? Or was. this sort of pushy trenainess, in ts way, every bit as rude? | was reminded ofthis when | met a friend for lunch. | had the fishoakes. They were perfectly disgusting. “Everything all right with your meal?” asked the waitress, Interrupting our conversation with a happily expectant grin. “Fine” I said. What else could Ihave sald even if 'd wanted 0? I didn't have time and anyway, it might have made ny friend Uncomfortable. Later, | thought about manners. As a sacety, we do not take ‘manners (oy which | mean now we behave towards strangers) very serious Ifyou are approaching a bank or shop, the ‘person just ahead of you is sure to let the doors swing back in your face, Middle-aged men park in disabled spaces, teenagers ‘slump in their seats on the bus, pretending not to notice the Pregnant woman standing infront of them.Yet Its obvious on the High Street that “eke nice’, es prectised by my cashier and the waitress, ison the increase. itnas become ‘highly overused marketing weapon and you can’t go Into any shop without some periy person rushing up and saying, “Hil Need ary help?" You smile back through gitted teeth, “Just looking, thanks.” ‘Queueing at the supermarket is a matter of answering the cashiers “Sil raining?" without betraying the fact that you heard them ‘ask someone else this vejy question two minutes earl. Call me ‘miserable, out 'm not stupid. row whet these people wart. They dont want to be my friend. They want my money. ‘Apparent, research has shown that fan assistant teats you as fa friend, there's a psychological effect: the customer feels wanted ‘and needed, and wl return. Or wil they? Other studies suggest that this soles technique is turroff. Peaps the solution isto appoint ‘people who are genuinely interested in people, not those who are trained tobe insincere robots, Recently | found myself back at the chemists where tall started I pave to get a present fora friend, and in any case, I'm Interested to see whether Scary Friendly irs there. Ah yes she is, athe till, giving it ts of oomph and sparkle. | select some almond hhand cream and put it on the counter infront of he. She looks. up ang beams at me. | submit tothe overwhelming power of her ‘spurious affection. 'm not in ahurty this time and tne experience is not unpleasant. When | get home, | check my receipt. There's one iter that ‘doesn’t ring any bells. | go through the carier bag and find nothing to expain it 0 | pick up the phone and call the chemist’. I'm told ‘that | purchased something called a “Take Care of Your Skin’ card that entitles me to all sorts of extra perks and besutijng treats. However, no one asked me if! wanted ta buy i. “Are you absolutely sure?” the manager asks. | think about it | remember the soporte feeling of being buried under a soft wave of niceness, | recall zoning outa lite, No, actualy, rm nat sure ate all. «Look atthe words/phrases in blue nthe article. Who are they referring to? b Try o.quess the meaning ofthe ‘words/phrases in blue. What do they ‘suggest about the writer's attitude? ‘Work in pairs, Look at the short ‘conversations in the article and ‘answer these questions. 1 2 \What words ara missing from tha questions? What types of word can we miss fut in infermal wien and spoken English? Work in groups and discuss these ‘questions. 2 partner's topics and write six {Questions about them, How many fms have you seen ring the last six months? b Take turns to ask and answer the questions. Tell the class ssomathing about your partner. Actually, Lisa hasn't watched Get ready .. Get it right! Choose three topics you would like to talk about How would you have responded to the shop assistant and the waitress? Why? How would you describe the service in shops and cafes in your county? Hest changed over the years? fims/TVimusic sport clothes pts Wworkistudles othe Work in pairs. Look at your‘Speaking and Listening ‘Check the meaning ofthe phrases in bold below. Then work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Sazile, do you tend to unburden yourself to ends (or fo members of your family? 2 Band large, ist men or women who find it easier to unload ther wories on to other people? 3. Broadly speaking, do adits n your country bottle up ther feelings or let tham our? 4 Do you thing, nthe main, that teenagers would rather confide in their parents cr their ands? TIP + The underined expressions are used to make generalisations, 1 2 Workin pairs. who would you expact men, women and teenagers like the ones in the photos to confide in? © ther fiends bb [BI Listen an chock Listen again. Tick the true sentences. Correct the false ones. both fiends an family 1 Dave and his friends tend to talk about only serious issues, 2 Dave thnks men make friends with people wi enjoy the same things. Helen S608 her rend every day Helen's trends are very patient with her. ‘Andrea trusts her hairdresser to be decree, ‘Andrea erjoy storing to her hairdressar's problems Most of Alex's conversations are about everyday event, ‘Alex confides in people of his own age. ‘Work in pairs and discuss these questions, {which things athe speakers teed about do you ident with? Do you think people confide in each other about diferent things at citferent ages? Friends - the new family? information in a conversation. Look at these ‘examples and answer the questions. deep and What we tak about | nt | meaning, though Whatidoifiges |i | tak tomy fends stressed What happens is | we botte things up 2 3 TIPS + When we use who, why, whose, when, where, et. HELP WITH GRAMMAR Cleft sentences: what and it clauses Cat sentences divide @ message into two parts, using what ot clauses. They can focus attention on new, ‘oxo important or contracictory information, (can geta bit stressed by work.) What | do if get ‘stressed is talk to my fiends. (paw information) (I. get on well wth my parents.) However, i's my friends that | talk toi have a problem. (contradiction) war cLauses ‘Vocabulary prepositions and phrases Grammar cleft sentences: what and itclauses We use what clauses to emphasise the new \Wrich words give new information inthe sentences? \What isthe main verb in each sentonce? What isthe subject ofthe main vero? Instead of what, we usualy use an expression such as a person, the reason, ec, with or without the Hi- Word. A person (who) | tend to confide in is my hairdresser. 1 To give a reason, we can folow be with o + infinite. The reason (why) Lucy came early was to help me out. ircuauses Look at these cleft sentences with it. Answer the questions. td probably be my parents who I'd talk to fst ‘wasn't until he broke up with his gitriend that ‘my hairdresser started to confide in me. (Does the speaker emphasise the information in the it clause orn the who/that clause? What ver follows i? Check in EEXUIGEEP p36. Complete these sentencas about yourselt \What | do if get strssod is The reason Im here is Iewaan't unt ‘person | tend to confide in What amuses me place | realy love Work in groups. Say your sentences. Ask follow-up questions.CeO ened Corer Reena a ert ded, we might fea at we ate suddenly swash wth rand Yet ight before ‘oureyes, were ako changing the way we londhips. Face face chat {ving way 0 tert and messaging peoph ‘ren reer thew elecronicexhanges Ac tovforinsance smplytlkingona phone. S Irappears that ncressingy we prefer to beep people at ar lang Smale of ends are beng partly ecipsed by ‘socal networking acquaintances routinely rumberedin the hundreds Amid these miler trend, growing research upg could be enteringa period ofr forthe entice concept of rerdihp Where al his leading our society? Perhaps to fone where electronic stim lowly repiace the ys of uma nth people woud lie to ne closer to thar fambey, though socal red ane, forcing theme lve farther apart. Typical the prestures of urban eae blamed: n London pol had two-fhs of respondents reporing that they face a prevailing dit ty from ther ott ands Wiese ‘ronded bas andrestarats afer work we have pen perhaps ew in ies have ary. thatien Reading and Vocabulary Ei Workin groups. Discuss these questions. 1 Doyou think he quality of ncn has changed in recent yeaa? 60, can you thnk of some easra for ‘he onenge? 2 Wich ofthese ces do you age 4 Poop enol able to commaricats as woos trey used. > Pooplakrow more people but hav ovo el ‘ends han toy sed. €Soctl med a responsb forthe icles ends tn? Give reasons, Ikshouldben shave groin 0 Ind share deep intimacies wth Aer fecllogts have traced rated tre brotder sale well be gto work ogi Review an Amercan has any be clore frends on average, rnectviy’. But notice th “Social comectwy That nt eso networking al, and harder to investigate, one they that les more when relationships. is ney ukating a good frends aes the same wavelength pokes emer ending anne nurtures salle factor or penon iat Bai of resties on french today ae ren the demanle of work say.or a genera busyresthat means we have les qualtytme for ethers. Buti fallow! time which tal for deeper rend, shen we are ata loore end that simply hangout wh no tsk, no deadine and no presures lis ithove moments that people gett lino ether for who they a quarter dont Close fends Aritole observed hae ket at hy at rogether, asin the iether they swith one anther aces, here, hang our and sweet “The deste friend ange sagen which we paradonalhave an ty growing need tobe more connected find people Read the ttle and introduction of the article. Which ofthe Ideas mentioned a-c in 8 do you think the water's making? 'b Read the whole article to check your ideas. Has your ‘answer changed? ‘© What does the writer think about these topics? 1 face-to-face contact 4 the pressures ontiendship today 2 social connectivity -§ sharing salt opether 4 ‘encing Work in pairs. Use your own words to compare your answers to 6e. Which ofthe opinions inthe article do you agree or disagree with? Give reasons.HELP WITH VOCABULARY Prepositions and phrases TIP + Make a note of words/phrases together \with their prepositions and try to learn them as ‘chunks! of meaning, ‘Look at the phrases from the article Inthe word map below. Match them to definitions 1-6. 2 (broader) scale the same wavelength average faut farm's langth loose end 1 responsible for @ problem 2 with sla views 8 with nothing to do 4 ypically 5 6 b a distance relating to the sie or loved of somthing Match these words/phrases with the prepositions in the word map. purpose glance times good terms ‘emand short notice aroguarbasis hand the nerease random © Work in pairs. What do you think the prepositions and phrases in 7b mean? Check in IEEIEIEEP p34. ‘a Complete these sentences with a preposition. 1 Who do you mact 2 How often do you cancel arrangements short notice? 3 Areyou good terms with your coleagues? 4 5 What do you do when you're ‘loose end? How much can you usually find out about someone agiance? 6 Have you ever broken something purpose? 7. What social phenomena are the increase in your country? {8 Do youalweys have your phone hang? b Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in 8a. Ask follow-up questions. Get ready ... Get it right! Tick the sentences you agree with. Change the ‘other sentences to make them true for you. Then complete sentences 7 and 8 with your own ideas. 1 ts social networking that is changing the nature of society today. 2. What you're looking for in a find is someone who ison the same wavelongt. 3 Friends are people who will aways stick up for you, whatever happers. 4 You can't realy be st fiends! wth someone of the opposite sex. 5 Areal fiend is someone who wil tll you the truth even i's something you don't want to hear. {6 Women form closer friendships than men. 7h 8 What ea ‘@ Work in groups. Discuss what you have written and. give reasons. bb Tell the class three things that you agreed on. We agreed that what we tend to look for in a friend is someone who is loyal and‘Speliing homophones. ‘Connecting words action Wiring task an online profie; sharing personal information EI. Workin pairs and discuss these questions 1 Ar@ bogs a good way 0 shroinforaton? 2. What irformaton wuld you prvi na biog? BB Work in pairs. A new group of students studying ‘abroad are sharing information on a blog. Read. the biog profile. gnore any mistakes for now. ‘Then cover it and try to remember seven things about Kanokchon, KANOKCHON WRITES 1m from Bangkok in Thailand ‘but here fora year doing ‘my Master's degree in Business, tm finding it quite hard to bbe honest I's besides the business course tha’ dificult, bbutalso the language. aswell! realy mis seeing all my fiends ‘an family, but ts Sathimanee, whose my glen, that I mis the most We've been together for years, but keep Worrying that she might of met someone else! «2 Flin the gaos wth these connecting words/ phrases. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer. [IINIEP p136. 0 aswel what'smore | besides too not onty 11 She's beon running the compary since November ‘She's got three chien to look atte, ‘Onthe other hand, theyre lots of things that really 2 Chinese foodis very tasty. i's qute cheap enjoying. Yesterday, saw snow forthe frst time, which ‘was absolutely amazing! | went ice skating forthe fst. time whats more. ell ver constantly and got extremely 3 The raffc is realy heavy attri time of day. The roads are ‘extremely cy, 80 be careful et land earl froze to death, but Im definitely going 4 Thevilagois remote, but totaly again so can learnt ce skate propery Als earning to inaccessible by road, ‘do new things, m enjoying the soca life. Their really are 5 Ihnaven't got any change on me. you people here from all ver the worl! Tonight, my fiend doesn't have to write anything down, © can se0 tha anewers in his head, 38 Regarding savants, scientists aro notable to tll us ‘the reasons for thar skis the type of sas they often have, how many savants exist 4 Danielis unusual fora savant because ‘8 behas arange of abies. his bites are exceptional. © he can offer insights into his bites. 5 Working independents mportat for Daniel because 28 fexibity sa printy for him, 'bitenabies him to do things in his own way. © hepreters working dectly wit his clans, {6 Nowadays, Danial ings it easier fo appreciate his individuality, 1b_harder to deat with painful experiences, © harder to cope with ife's ups and down, d_ Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. 11 Wry do you think Danial nds Pas beautitl as the Mona Lisa or Mozart symphony? 2. Dariel says: would have traded avorything for normality But 've since leamed thal boing affarentin't necessarily a bad thing." Why do you think hs attitude has changes? ‘8. Wich do you thinks more important in ite: academic blancs or emetionalintligence? Give reasons. Exceptional people Vocabulary intensifying adverbs Grammar relative clauses with prepositions nie Tammet i an autstic® savant with an extraordinary gif for numbers and languages. alike other savants, Daniel has described how he docs it in a book, Born on a Blue Day, in which he ‘writes about his life I've got a quiet voice" he says in hie gentle ‘monotone. Tthink t's because as child didnt speak very much. It was hard for me t find my voice, because Tas absorbed in my own worl." Daniel's word is arich and strange one, in which every number up to 10,000 has colon, texture and emotional resonance. “The number one is a briliant, right white, lke somebody shining a torch in my eyes... Fours shy and quiet, like me. Eighty-nine i ke falling snow Daniel's condition allows him to achieve ‘extraordinary mathematical feats, all of which he finds simple; he holds the European record for recalling Pi the mathematical constant ~to the furthest decimal place. I took him five hours and nine minutes “Bis for me an extremely beauifl thing," says, “lke the Mona Lisa or a Mozart symphony” For Daniel, mental arithmetic i gorgeous kaleidoscopic process. "When I divide one number by another, sy, 1 divided by 97, Ise a spiral rotating downwards in Iarger and large loops that seem to warp and curve The shapes coalesce into the right number I never write anything down” Savants constitute less than 1% of the popwlation, and about 10% of the autistic population, yet their abilities are shrouded in mystery, Savant skills tend to occur in five areas: music, art, calendar calculating, mathematics and mechanical or spatial skills (or instance, the capacity to measure distances without instruments). Generally, a single special sill exists but, in some instances, multiple skills can occur. One skill for which all savants are known isan extraordinary memorysavant 'sevant/ someone who has unusual ‘often exceptional, ables ar knowledge ‘While many savants have a restricted vocabulary and axe notable to explain their abilities, this is clearly not the case with Daniel, Not only can he describe how his mind works, but he can alo speak ten languages, including Lithuanian and Welsh. He is even creating his own language: Manti, meaning a type of tree Hoveever, Daniel's condition also has its limitations. ‘Thad to teach myself to look into people's eyes,” he explains. “Before that, [used o look at their mou, because it was the part oftheir face that was moving” He would find itimpossible to fita 9-5 job around his daily tasks, all of which he does in the same order every Gay. For instance, he drinks his five cups of ea at exactly the same time each day and feels upset and anxious if his routine is interrupted. In order for work to fit in with his particular needs, he setup his own business, writing fnternet courses for private clients in language learning, fumeracy and literacy, which he does at home. This has the advantage of being in his control and allowing him to work autonomously Danie!’ condition was not diagnosed until he was Growing up as an undiagnosed savant was not easy tnd he was often lonely. It was difficult being at school ssrrounded by children, none of whom understood his condition. “I was desperate for a friend. My brothers and sseters had fiend and I ncad ta watch them playing, fo try to work out what they did and how friendship ‘worked, I would have traded everything for normality But I've since leaned that being different isn't ssecessarilya bad thing,” Daniel feels he is progressing towards ‘outgrowing bis autism, He cried for the first time in his adult life 2 ew years ago, when his cat died, He is getting better at social interaction “Every experience I have I add to my mental library, sand hopefully life should then get easier" In this, he Seems to sum up the progress We al hope for. “an snangaranacoatentamanecncwutccrmatcenw my: HELP WITH GRAMMAR Relative clauses with prepositions ‘@ Match the sentences to these styles of English. more formal, usually written English «ess formal, usually spoken English 1 a Daniel has described how he does it ina book in which he writes about hs fe b Daril has described how he doas iin a book that ho writes about his fe in, 2 @ One skil for which all savants are known is an extracedinary momory 1b One ski that al savants are known foris ‘an extraordinary memory. b Complete these rules. In. more ermal, usualy witen Engich 1 that changes to ator a preposition 2 the preposition comes the relative pronoun. © Look at the phrases in bold in sentences and b and answer the questions, { Danie'’s condition allows him to achieve ‘extraordinary mathematical feats, all of which he finds sire. twas dificult being at school, surrounded by children, none of whom understood his condition. 11 What does wo change to when it comes after a preposton? 2 Which ideas do the phrases in bold refer to? \Which phrase in bold is the subject of the clause that folows? 44 Which phrase in bois the object ofthe clause that folows? 5 What adcttional determiners al, nana, et.) ‘can comisne with of which or of whom In non-defring relate clauses? TIP + When wo are speaking informal, we can use none of them, al of them, tc. Notice the change in word order. He would find it impossible to ft a 9-5 job around bis daily tasks. He does all of them in the same ‘order every dey. He would find it impossible to ft a 9-5 job around his daily task, all of which he does in the same ‘order every dey. Check in EENIIIIESE 138. ‘a Complete each gap in the article with ‘a preposition, and which or whom. b Workin pairs. Change the gapped sentences to a more informal spoken styl. Tea cwe KIM PEEK, who died in 2008, was known a¢ a ‘megasavant! due to his exceptional memory Asthe age of four, although no school would accept him, he sought out encyclopaedias, atlases and telephone directories, all! he memorised. As a result of his motor deficiencies, Kim was looked after by his father, 2 he totally depended. Iwas Kim’ life _ the Oscar-winning film, Rein Mon, was based, Following the film's success, im was invited to take part in public appearances. On some ofthese occasions, screenwriter Barry Morrow, * Kin had collaborated, gave him the Oscar statuette to carry. These. appearances increased Kim's self-confidence. He thoroughly “enjoyed meeting people and had a marked sense of humour, He also loved showing strangers his remarkable ability for calendar calculations, by telling ther ® day ofthe seek they were born, re AUN Listening {2 Look t the photo of Tommy McHugh, a builder who became a painter. What do you think of his work? b [EXT 7 Listen to the radio programme. Why did Tommy become a painter? © Listen again and compete these sentences. 4+ Tommy hadn't done any paltng a al until he reached his 2 He compares his mind to 8 {ul of creatine ideas 3 Aor hospital, Tommy and his wie received no 4 Tory’slife changed when Marion Kalmus told him that he was {5 Changes tothe temporal obs increase people's {6 As wellas painting, many people wth Tommy's condition tend te alot Being very productive can resuit in work of variable Although Tommy's ifespan is uncertain, he regards his ite as which generates bubbles ‘a Work in pars. Try to summarise Tommy's story. 'b Discuss these questions Do you think whet happened to Tommy was good or bed? How do you think Torimy feels? What about his ex-wife?