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Annexure-V- Cover Page for Academic Tasks

Course Code: CIV332 Course Title: INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Course Instructor: Mr. Akshat Mahajan Student’s Name: Naseem Anwar

Academic Task No.: 1 Academic Task Title: Question Answer
Date of Allotment: 0/02/2022 Date of submission: 21/02/2022

Student’s Roll no: RQO103A36 Student’s Reg. no: 11910737

Evaluation Parameters: (Parameters on which student is to be evaluated- To be mentioned by
students asspecified at the time of assigning the task by the instructor)

.
Declaration:

I declare that this Assignment is my individual work. I have not copied it from any
other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is
made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by any other person.

Student’s Signature: Naseem Anwar

Evaluator’s comments (For Instructor’s use only)

General Observations Suggestions for Improvement Best part of assignment

Evaluator’s Signature and Date:

Marks Obtained: Max. Marks:

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Explain ivarious itypes iof iphysical itreatment ion iindustrial iwaste?

Ans.1 iSewage iTreatment iPlants i(STPs)

Sewage itreatment iplants iremove icontaminants ifrom iwastewater. iAn iexample iof ian iSTP
iis ithe itreatment iplant iyou imight ifind iin ia ilarge iAmerican icity. iThis iplant iwould
ireceive isewage iwaste ifrom ihouseholds iand icommercial ibuildings iand isometimes iget ian
iinflux iof icommercial iwastewater ias iwell. iIt iwould ialso ireceive irainwater iand idebris
ifrom istorm isewers.

An iSTP isuch ias ithis iplays ian iintegral irole iin ikeeping iresidents isafe iand ihealthy iby
icleaning itheir iwastewater iwith ia icombination iof iphysical, ichemical iand ibiological
itreatment ibefore idischarging iit iinto ithe ienvironment.

When iwastewater ireaches ia isewage itreatment iplant, iit ifirst igoes ithrough ia ibasic ifiltering
iprocedure. iIt iflows ithrough iscreens iand iinto isettlement ibasins ithat ican isluice iout
idebris. iDebris iis iincredibly ihard ion ian iSTP’s itanks iand iequipment. iIt ican icause
iexcessive iwear iand itear iand idiminish ithe iequipment’s ilife ispan, iso iit’s iessential ito
iremove ias imuch iof ithe idirt, igrit iand isand ifrom ithe iwastewater ias ipossible.

Primary iTreatment
During iprimary itreatment, ithe iwastewater iflows iinto iprimary iclarifiers. iIn ithese itanks, ias
iin ithe isettlement ibasins, iwastewater iflows isluggishly. iThe itanks’ idesign ipromotes
isettling i— iorganic isolids icollect iat ithe ibottom iof ithe itank, iand ilighter isubstances ifloat
ito ithe itop ifor iremoval.

The iorganic isolids ithat isettle ito ithe ibottom iform iwhat’s iknown ias ia iprimary isludge
iblanket. iAfter ia ifew ihours iin ithe iclarification itanks, ithis iprimary isludge imoves iinto
iaeration ibasins ifor ithe ioperation ithat iforms ithe ibackbone iof imost iSTPs i— ithe
iactivated isludge iprocess.

Secondary iTreatment
Secondary itreatment ioften iconsists iof iaerobic iaeration. iAeration ibasins icontain iaerators
i— isystems iof ipipes iwith idiscs ior itubes iattached. iThe idiscs ior itubes i— ioften imade iof
iceramic ior irubber imembranes i— ihave ismall iholes ifor iair ito iflow ithrough. iWhen iair
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iflows ithrough ithe iaerators, ithe ismall iholes iturn iit iinto ibubbles ithat imix iinto ithe iwater
icolumn. iThe iinteraction iof ioxygen iwith ithe ibacteria iin ithe isewage icauses ithe ibacteria
ito idigest ithe iorganic imatter ithat igives iwastewater iits icharacteristic iappearance iand
ismell.

This itechnique itypically ialso iremoves imost iharmful ichemicals ifrom ithe iwastewater,
ithough iit icannot iremove initrates. iSome iSTPs ihave iadditional iprocesses ifor initrate
ireduction iat ithis istage.

Once iaeration iis icomplete, ithe iwastewater iflows iinto ithe inext iseries iof itanks i— ithe
isecondary iclarification ibasins. iIn ithese ibasins, ithe ibacteria ispend ia iday ior itwo isettling
ito ithe ibottom iand iforming ia isludge iblanket, iwhich ithe iplant ican ithen ipump iout.

Tertiary iTreatment
So ifar, iwe’ve itraced ithe isteps iof iprimary itreatment, ior isettling, iand isecondary itreatment,
ior iaeration iand iactivated isludge iprocessing, iwhich ioccur iin imost iplants. iTertiary
itreatment ifollows ithese iprocesses iand icombines imechanical iand iphotochemical imethods
iinto ione ifinal istep. iNot iall iwastewaters irequire iadvanced itertiary itreatment i— ithis
iprocess iis iparticularly ihelpful ifor isanitary isewage iwith imicroorganism icontaminants ithat
irequire idisinfecting.

In itertiary iwaste itreatment, ithe iwastewater iflows ithrough isand ifilters, iwhich iremove iany
iremaining ifine iparticulate imatter. iThe iwater ithen iflows iunder ibanks iof iultraviolet i(UV)
ilights, iwhich iirradiate ibacteria iand iviruses iand iremove itheir iinfectious icapabilities. iThe
iUV ilights idon’t ialways ikill ithese imicroorganisms, ibut ithey irender ithem isterile iand
isafe.

2. iEffluent iTreatment iPlants i(ETPs)

We’ve iseen ithat isewage itreatment iplants iprovide iinitial itreatment iprimarily ifor imunicipal
iand idomestic iwastewater. iEffluent itreatment iplants, ion ithe iother ihand, itypically iclean
iindustrial iwastewater. iThey itreat iindustrial ieffluent i— ithe iwastewater ithat iflows iout ias
ia ibyproduct iof ithese iindustries.
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ETPs iare ioften iuseful iin isectors iwith ihigh ilikelihoods iof iextensive ichemical
icontamination iin itheir iwastewater i— ifor iinstance, ipharmaceuticals imanufacturing iand
ichemical iindustries ilike itextile iand idye imanufacturing. iPlants icannot idischarge ithese
ichemical icontaminants iinto ithe ienvironment iwithout ifirst itreating ithem ithoroughly.
iDifferent icompanies imay icontend iwith ivarying iwastewater icompositions iand irequire
islightly idifferent iETPs.

3. iActivated iSludge iPlants i(ASPs)

Activated isludge iplants iare isimilar ito isewage itreatment iplants. iThey itreat isewage
iwastewater iusing iprimarily iactivated isludge ito idigest ibiological icontaminants. iThough ian
iSTP imay ialso iuse iactivated isludge iin iits isecondary itreat

ment, iactivated isludge itakes ion imore iof ia iprimary irole iin ian iASP.

4. iCommon iand iCombined iEffluent iTreatment iPlants i(CEPTs)

Common iand icombined ieffluent itreatment iplants iexist ito ihelp ismaller iwastewater
igenerators itreat itheir ieffluent. iSmaller imanufacturing icompanies iand iother ioperations
ithat iproduce iwastewater i— itanneries, ifor iinstance i— icannot ialways iafford ito irun itheir
iown ieffluent itreatment iplants. iThey ido inot ihave ithe ibudgets ito imaintain ithese ilarge,
icomplex istructures iand ioperate ithem isafely iand ieffectively.

Explain iin ibrief ithe ipurpose iof iEqualization ibasin ifor iIndustrial iwaste iwater
iTreatment iwith idiagram.

Ans.2. iEqualization i(EQ) iBasins iare idesigned ito iprovide iconsistent iinfluent iflow ito
idownstream iprocesses iby iretaining ihigh iflow ifluctuations. iDue ito ithe iadditional
iretention itime, iaeration iand imixing iare irequired ito iprevent ithe iraw iwastewater ifrom
ibecoming iseptic iand ito imaintain isolids iin isuspension. i iEqualization i(EQ) iBasins iare
idesigned ito iprovide iconsistent iinfluent iflow ito idownstream iprocesses iby iretaining ihigh
iflow ifluctuations. iDue ito ithe iadditional iretention itime, iaeration iand imixing iare irequired
ito iprevent ithe iraw iwastewater ifrom ibecoming iseptic iand ito imaintain isolids iin
isuspension.
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Explain ithe ieffects iof iindustrial iwaste iwith iexamples

Ans.2. iWater ithat iis idischarged

discharged ifrom ifactories, ifor iexample, ican ipollute irivers
i iand ilakes
iwith isubstances ilike ichemicals,
chemicals, iwaste, iand idyes. iThis iwater ipollution ican
can ikill iwildlife
iand iharm ithe ioverall iecosystem,
ecosystem, iand ithe ieffects iof ipolluted iwater ihave
have ileft iseveral
iplant iand ianimal ispecies iendangered.
endangered. iAlso, iplastics ithat iare idisposed iof
of iimproperly ior
isent ito ilandfills ido inot ibreak
break idown iand ican ipollute ithe ienvironment iand
and ipose ia ihazard
ito ianimals. iToday, ithere iare are istill imany ifactories iand ifacilities ithat ido
do inot ipractice
iresponsible iwaste imanagement
management ithat iinvolves irecycling iand iproper iwaste i idisposal.
iHowever, ithe ienvironmental ieffects iof iindustrial iwaste ican ibe ireduced reduced iwhen iit iis
ihandled iwith ithe iright itechniques,
techniques, iand ian iefficient iwaste imanagement
management iplan ican ialso
ihelp iensure ia isafe iand iclean iwork ienvironment.
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What ido iyou imean iby iterm iWaste iCharacterization? iExplain iin idetail iabout ithe
igiven itopics iwith iexamples i

a) iPhysical iCharacterization

ib) iBiological iCharacterization

Ans.3. iWaste icharacterization imeans ifinding iout ihow imuch ipaper, iglass, ifood iwaste,
ietc. iis idiscarded iin iyour iwaste istream. iWaste icharacterization iinformation ihelps iin
iplanning ihow ito ireduce iwaste, iset iup irecycling iprograms, iand iconserve imoney iand
iresources.

Physical icharacteristics

Correct iphysical icharacterization iof iCBA iis inecessary ifor ianticipating iits iperformance ias
ifine iaggregate iin iconcrete. iIts isize, ishape, itexture, idensity, iand iabsorption iare ithe imost
icommonly istudied iphysical iproperties.
CBA iis ia igranular imaterial, iincluding ia iwide irange iof iparticles isizes, iusually ibelow i20
imm. iFor iits iuse ias ifine iaggregate, iit iis icommonly isieved ito iget ia i4–5 imm imaximum
iparticle isize. iRegarding iits iappearance, iCBA iparticles iusually iare iirregular iin ishape iand
irough iin itexture.
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Consistent iwith ithe isurface iappearance, iinternal istructure iof iCBA iis iporous iand,
itherefore, ilighter i(1.2–2.3 ig/cm3) iand ishows ia ihigher iwater iabsorption icapacity ithan
iconventional iaggregates i(5%–35%). iLow iweight iof iCBA iparticles imight ibe iuseful ifor
ienlightening iconcrete, iwhereas ihigh iwater iabsorption iis ia irequirement ifor iplaying ithe
irole iof iinternal icuring iwater ireservoir iin ihigh-performance iconcrete.

iBiological iCharacterization

Biological icharacterization iis ia iprocess iwhich iestablishes, imaintains, iand icontrols icertain
ibiological icharacteristics iinside ione idefined isystem. iThe imatrix iof ia iscaffold ishould
iprovide ian ienvironment isuitable ifor icell iactivity iwhich icomprises icell iadhesion,
imigration, iand ifunction, ivascularization i(if inecessary), iand ispace ifor ithe itissue igrowth.
iThe iprimary iaim iof ithe icell icarrier iis ito icreate ia isystem iwhich ihelps iphysiological-like
iprocesses iin ithe iorganism.
Regulation iof ithe idynamic ibalance ibetween iresorption iof ithe ibone itissue isupplement iand
iformation iof inew ibone itissue iis ian iimportant icomponent iof ithe iscaffold idesign.
iProtracted iresorption iwill islow-down ithe ibone iregeneration, iand iearly idegradation iwill
iallow iproliferation iof ibiologically imore ipotent itissue, isuch ias iconnective itissue.
iTherefore, ia idesirable imaterial ishould ifollow ithe ibiological iactivity iof ithe itissue iwhere
iit iis iimplemented.

 Examples iof iattributes

 Morphology. iFacial ifeatures. iFingerprint. iPalm igeometry.
 Senses. iVoice. iBody iodour. iThermal ipatterns.
 Other. iDNA.