No. 237 May 1981 Xqy Ko and Efficiency Curves for the Wageningen B-Series Propellers by jeMe Bernitsas ee Ds Ray P. Kinley ss Department of Naval Architecture Tne and Marine Engineering 2 college of Magineering > ‘The University of Michigan ~ ann Arbor, Michigan 48109CNght LoseABSTRACT ‘The B-series propellers were designed and tested at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen. ‘The open-water characteristics of 120 propeller models of the B-series were tested at N.S.M.B. and analyzed with multiple polynomial regression analysis [1]. The derived polynomials express the thrust and torque coefficients in terms of the number of blades, the blade area ratio, the pitch-diameter ratio and the advance coefficient. The Rey~ nolds number effect and the effect of variation of blade thickness on the B- series propeller characteristics have also been evaluated at N.S.M.B. In this report the polynomials derived in [1] are used to plot the open water propel- ler characteristics for Reynolds number 2.108 and for the ranges of number of blades, blade area ratio and pitch~diameter ratio recommended by N.S.M.B. ‘The extent of applicability of the regression polynomials is also discussed. widi-ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. ‘This report was prepared in fulfillment of the requirenents for the de~ sign project in the graduate computer-aided design course, NA 574, of the De~ partment of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering of the University of Michigan. Computer funds were provided by the department. Thanks are due to Professor R.P. Beck for his constructive comments and Mrs. Paula Bousley for the excellent typing and editing of this report. --TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. +0004 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... LIS? OF FIGURES. NOMENCLATURE. « INTRODUCTION. «++ Xqy Kg POLYNOMIALS AND REYNOLDS NUMBER CORRECTIONS LIMITATIONS OF APPLICABILITY OF THE REGRESSION POLYNOMIALS. REFERENCES. FIGURES. ssssssssseeessccecesseccnnaseeraneescsenseceenaesessenes ees vii Page iadFigure No. 16. 7 18. 19 20. a. 22. 23. 2a, 25. 26. 27. 28. 2 30. ate 32. Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller Propeller with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with with blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades blades LIST OF FIGURES and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and Ag/Ro = 04306 Ag/Ag = 0635. Rg/Ry = 0-40. Ag/Ro = 0645. Rg/Ry = 0.50seeeeeeeweseee Ag/Ap = 0-55. Ag/Rg = O.60seeseeeeeee Ag/Ro = 0465+ Ag/Rg = 0470s 0008 Ag/Rg = Os TSeceeereee Ag/Ao = 0-80. Ag/Bo = 0485. Ag/Bo = 04906 Ag/Ay = 0495+ Ag/Ro = 1-006 Rg/Bg = 1405 Ag/Bo = Ag/Bo = Ap/Ao = Ag/Ro * Ag/Ro = Ag/Ro = Ag/Ay = Ag/Ao = Ag/Bo = Apo = Ap/Ro = Ap/Ro = Ag/Bo = Ag/Bo = Ag/2o = Ag/Ro = 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38Figure No. Page 33. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/A = 39 34, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Bp = 0635sssse0e : 40 35. Propeller with 4 blades and Az/Ap = errr at 36. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 42 37. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ry = 0+50ss+ss04 : 43 38. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ag = 0-55+eeeeeeeee 44 39. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ap = 45 40. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 0-65-44 eeeeneee 46 41, Propeller with 4 blades and Ap/Ay = "7 42, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ap = 48 43, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 49 44, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 50 45. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ap = 51 46. Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 52 47, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 53 48, Propeller with 4 blades and Ag/Ay = 54 49. Propeller with 5 blades and Ap/Ay = 55 50. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 56 51. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ao = 57 52, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ao = 58 53. Propeller with 5 blades and Ap/Ay = 59 54, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 60 55, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 6 56. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 62 57. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 33 58, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ro = 64 58. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = cy 60. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ag = 66 61. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 67 62. Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 8 63, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 68 64, Propeller with 5 blades and Ag/Ay = 70 65. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = n 66. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = 2Figure No. Page 67. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ry = 0.40. eae B 68. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ro = 0+45sseeeeeenee 4 69. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ro = 0-50. 8 70. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ry = 0655. 76 71, Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = 060. 7 72. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.65. 78 73. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/R = 0.70. 79 Th. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = 0475+ 80 75, Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ao = 0.80 at 76. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ro = 0-85 82 77. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ro = 0490+ 83 78. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ry = 0.95. 84 79, Propeller with 6 blades and Ap/Ro = 1-00. 85 80. Propeller with 6 blades and Ag/Ay = 1405+ 86 81. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ap = 0.30. 87 82. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ap = 0.35. 88 83. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.40. 89 84. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.45. 90 85. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.50. 1 86. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.55. 92 87. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ap = 0.60. 93 88. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ro = 0-654 94 89, Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0-70. 95 90. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ay = 0.75. 96 91. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ap = 0+80+.+004 eeaneess 7 92. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ro = 0sB5sevsevereesseeeeeeere 8 93. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ro = 0-90. aeeee : 99 94. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ro = 0+25++++r0 100 95, Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ry = 1.00sevee 101 96. Propeller with 7 blades and Ag/Ro = 1405++++ 102 xi-Bg/Ao Catruv 7 Cs,tyu,v > a gow aa ao tie YA z Greek Symbols NOMENCLATURE blade area ratio coefficient in the Ky polynomial expression coefficient in the Kp polynomial expression propeller diameter advance coefficient torque coefficient thrust coefficient propeller revolutions per second pitch-diameter ratio propeller torque Reynolds nunber propeller thrust thickness to cord ratio for propeller blades speed of advance number of blades open-water propeller efficiency fluid density oxii-INTRODUCTION ‘The open-water propeller characteristics conventionally are presented in the form of the thrust and torque coefficients Ky and Xp in terms of the advance coefficient J where t oo oe Gy Q *o* pepe a) Ya m5 3) where 7 is the propeller thrust, Q is the propeller torque, p is the fluid density, nis the number of propeller revolutions per second, D is the propeller diameter and Va is the speed of advance. ‘The open-water efficiency of the propeller is ‘The thrust and torque coefficients can be written as: ae ee (5) and ep Ag wets E.R ia. net 6) where P/D is the pitch diameter ratio Ag/Ay is the blade area ratio z is the number of propeller bladesRe is the Reynolds number of a characteristic radius (0.75 R) t/e is the ratio of the maximum propeller blade thickness to the length of the cord at a characteristic radius (0.75 R) ep Ag Ky and Kp can be expressed in terms of polynomials of J, 54 5, and Z (see Table 1) (11+ ‘The Reynolds number effect on the propeller characteristics has been taken into account using Lerbs method [2]. ‘The Reynolds nunber corrections for Kp and Xp -are polynomial expressions of Re, P/D, Ap/Ag and J (see Table 2). Finally the effect of variation of blade thickness on propeller charac- teristics can be represented as a change in the Reynolds number and need not be formulated in a polynomial form [1].Xm, Kg POLYNOMIALS AND REYNOLDS NUMBER CORRECTIONS ‘The polynomials for Kp and Kp derived with multiple regression analy sis are Kr= DL dye yuyy (58 (/D)E (Ag/Ro)® (2) ” stay Ko E Rpepaye (28 Ct (ag/tg) (217 o stay me coetticionts Cieay’ md yeyayy and tame a,tyasy are given in Table 1. For Reynolds number greater than 2x108 the open water propeller charac- teristics should be corrected. The corrections AK (Re, J, P/D, Ag/Agy 2) @ and Akg(Re, J, P/D, Ag/Ap, z) (10) are given in Table 2,TABLE 1 Coefficients and terms of the Kp and Kp polynomials for the Wageningen B-screw a> Kg = stay t Kr Cs,t,u,v +0,00880496 0.204554 +0. 166351 40. 158114 7-0, 147581 1481497 402415437 +0,0144043 =0:0530054 +0,0143481 +0;0606826 30125894 +0,0109689 0; 133698 +0,00638407 -0,00132718 +0. 168496 20507214 +0;0854559 30504475 +0:010465. 00648272 00841728 +0:0168424 00102296 =0:0317791 +02018604 (00410798 02000606848 -0.0049819 +0,0025983 000560528 00163652 000328787 +0,000116502 +0;000690904 +0,00421749 +0,0000565229, 70200146564 Rn 2 x 108 Series for Ry=2x108, Reproduced from [1] ° 1 ° ° 2 1 ° 0 2 ° 1 ° 1 0 ° 2 3 0 2 3 1 2 0 1 3 0 1 0 9 1 2 3 1 1 2 0 0 3 3 st a y (3) (P/0) (2g/R) (2) CE yt yuyy +(3)S-(P/D)E. (Bp/ Bg) Be (2°) CB tyuyy + (I). (P/D)E. (Ag/Ag)¥s(2¥) 2 Cs,t,u,v +0,00379368 0 +0:00886523 2 02032241 1 +0:00344778 0 -0l0408811 0 707108009 0708853812 +0:188561 0 =0:00370871 1 402005136960 +0,0209449° 1 +0.00474319 2 -0,00723408 2 +0/004383¢8 7 =070269403 0 +0:0558082 (3 +0:0161886 0 +0.00318086 1 +0.015896 0 +0.0471729 #0:0196283 3 =0:0502782 0 0.030055. 3 4004171222 0203977220 0700350024 0 ~0,0106854 3 +0:00110903 3 07000313912 0 +0,0035985 3 70700142121 0 -0;00383637 1 +0,0126803 0 0700318278 2 +0;00334268 0 07001834911 +0;000112451 3 070000297228 3 +0:000269551 1 +0:00083265 2 +0:00155334 0 +0,000302683 0 0,0001843 0 -0;000425399 0 +0,0000869243 3 020004659 0 +0,0000554194 1 st () (/) Oy 6 Ro) SeTABLE 2 Polynomials for Reynolds number effect (above Ry = 2108) on Kp and Ko Ak = BKy = 0,000353485 ~0.00333758(Ap/Ag)I2 ~0.00478125(Ag/Ag)(P/D)I +0.000257792( Loghy~0.301)2(Ag/Ag)J? +0,0000643192(1o9%,-0.301) (2/0) 532 00000110636 (1ogR,-0.301)2(P/D) 82 ~0,0000276305 ( logRy=04301)2z(Ap/Ag)J2 +0.0000954( oghy~0.301)2(Ap/Ag) (P/D)T +0.0000032049( logR,~0.301)z2(Ag/Ag) (P/D) 37 ~0.000591412 +0.00696898(P/D) -0,00006666542(P/D)& 0.01608 18(Ag/Ay)2 0000938091 (1ogR_-0.301) (P/D) 0,00059593(1ogR,-0.301)(P/D)2 +0,0000782099(1ogR,=0.301)2(P/D)2 +0,0000052199(logR,=0.301)2(Ap/Ag)I2 -0,.00000088528( 1logR,-0.301)2z(Ag/Rg) (P/D)T +0,0000230171(1ogR,=0.301)2(P/D)® 000000184341 (1ogR,-0.301)22(2/D)6 -0.00400252(1ogR,~04301) (4p/Ro)? +#0-000220915(1ogR,-0.301)2(Ap/Ag) 2LIMITATIONS OF APPLICABILITY OF THE REGRESSION POLYNOMIALS ‘The derived regression polynomials can be used to evaluate the thrust and torque coefficients for acac7, ay 0.30 © Ag/Ag < 14.05 , (12) and 0.5 < P/D < 1.40 (3) However, at the extremes of the above ranges the results are not fully reliable. For instance the thrust coefficient % displays a local maximum for low values of J, high number of blades, low blade area ratio and high pitch- diameter ratio. This minor error is due to regression analysis. 96 open-water propeller characteristics curves are included in this re~ port. For each set of blades between 2 and 7, sixteen graphs have been plot- ted for blade area ratio varying between 0,30 and 1,05 in steps of 0.05 and pitch dianeter ratio varying between 0.50 and 1.40 in steps of 0.10. ‘These graphs have been plotted with the aid of the Michigan Computer Center plotting routines which are included in the public file *PLOTSYS [3]. REFERENCES + Oosterveld, M.W.C. and P, Van Oosanen, "Further Computer-Analyzed Data of ‘the Wageningen B-Screw Series," IV International Symposium on Ship Auto- mation, Genova, Italy, Nov. 1974, . Lerbs, H.W., "On the Effect of Scale and Roughness on Free Running Pro- pellers," Journal ASME, 1951. 3. 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Wt 08°, ove Ov OL 0S°0=0/d 00S°0 =0b/3U sadu18 2 YOs SY311Sd0¥d SATYSS-8 NAONINAIWN *S JuNdT4 a A i ong, ord (1435509 LSNYHL oo ozo os'0 AINSIIISS3 08"0 oo -u-(045309 3NOYOL ao 800 roo o0'0 gro ozo (43309 SONUACE Obl OL 0S°0=0/d 0SS°0 =00/3U S3gu1d8 2 YO4 SYST1Sd0Ud SSTYSS-8 NAONINFQUN *9 JYNgT4 08°0 09'0 ovo x org, oro ozo 00" (L14)44509 LSNYHL og’ AINSIII ASS og'0 oot -12-(044309 3NOYOL 20 e0'0 roo on"0 gr’ 0z'0 (744309 SINVAGY ef2t vy oO go e809 990 ovo Ov'l O1 0S°0=0/d 009°0 =0b/3U S30u18 2 YO4 SY3T1adOUd SATYAS-G NSONINSSWM *Z 3UN9TS os'0 or'0 ozo on (134309 LSNYHL os'0 oo! AQNATIISS3 “13+ozo (0%)43309 JNOYOL ao 80'0 ao ot) oo’ AE/AO= 0.650 0.50 TO 1.40 FOR 2 BLADES P/D: FIGURE 8. WAGENINGEN B-SERIES PROPELLERS 00" og'0 og" or'o ocd AINBTOISSS = (LW45309 LSNYHL -14- 00" . r 0 ADVANCE COEFF(J) b.00ozo (043309 3NOYOL v0 ao 80°0 ¥0°0 or'o 0.700 AE/AO: 0.50 TO 1.40 FOR 2 BLADES P/D: 066 °7 oss FIGURE 9. 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