(A) ARITHMETIC MEAN / OR MEAN, Hp XX s-on-X, Ae n Values of variate x then their AM. ¥ is defined as x, are values of veriate with frequencies ff, fy.f, then thelr AM. is given by Raat 2S ene S RS tht th i PROPERTIES OF ARITHMETIC MEAN : 0 Sumof deviation of variate from their AM. is always zero that is © (x; ~%) = 0 ()_ Sumof square of deviation of variate from their A.M. is minimum that is E(x, -% is minimum (ii) _ If X is mean of variate x then AM. of (x,+2)= x +2 AM. of f,.x,= 2.x AM. of (ax,+b) =ax +0 MERITS OF ARITHMETIC MEAN : w) Itis rigidly defined. (i) _ tis based on all the observation taken Itis calculated with reasonable ease. Itis least affected by fluctuations in sampling Itis based on each observation and so itis a b Itis relatively reliable Mathematical analysis of mean is possible. DEMERITS OF ARITHMETIC MEAN : itis severely affected by the extreme values () —Itcannot be represented in the actual data since ‘Observed value. tii) Itcannot be computed unless all the items are known. etter representative of the data the mean does not coincide with any of theFind the mean wage from the following data Wage (in Rs): 00 620 860 900 920 9801000 No. of workers nee 6) 25°" 20" 10 5 Let the assumed mean be A = 900 and h = 20, Caloulation of Mean Wage(inRs) x No. of workersf, d= x A= x 900 fu 00 Fi =100 5 35 820 14 80 ~4 “86 860 19 40 = ~8 900 25 ° ° 0 920 20 20 1 20 980 10 80 4 49 1000 5 100 5 2 N=E4=100 Shue : SC e ; N= 100, ¥ fu, = ~44, A= 900 and h = 20 i = fe.) Mean= X =A+h(qEhu) a kan = ~44 Solu > X = 900+ 20x 77> = 900-8.8= 891.2 i Hence, mean wage = Rs. 891.2 (8) GEOMETRIC MEAN : TIX. Xp Xy Xa n positive values of variat GEG Kx x) te then their geometric mean Gis given bY SG =n Sos a Sea'D FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION - ‘cumulative frequency (sum of all frequencies). Let it be Nthen (N+1)", (=) term (when n odd) ) (when n is even) JItis easy to compute and understand. tis well defined an ideal average should be ‘itcan also be computed in case of frequency distribution with open ended classes, Itisnot affected by extreme values. Itcan be determined graphically. tis proper average for qualitative data where items are not measured but are scored. For computing median data needs to be arranged in ascending or descending order Itis not based on all the observations of the data, Itcannot be given further algebraic treatment. (i) tis affected by fluctuations of sampling. W)itis not accurate when the data is not large. " (ui)Insome cases median is determined approximately as the mid-point of two observations ‘Whereas for mean this does not happen. Find the median of observations 4, 6, 9, 4, 2, 8, 10 Values in ascending order are 2, 4, 4,6, 8,9, 10 1 here n DE ag 780 “5 WET enN Here,N=120 = 5 =60 N We find that the cummulative frequency just greater than > i.e., 601s 65 and the valueofx corresponding 0 65is 5. Therefore, Median = 5. (c) Harmonic Mean : Hf XX - aF@ NNoN-Zero Values of variate then their harmonic mean His defined as (Il) MODE : Ifa frequency distribution the mode is the value of that variate which have the maximum frequency Molt (A) FOR UNGROUPED DISTRIBUTION : The value of variate which has maximum frequency (B) FOR UNGROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION : The value of that variate which have maximum frequency, Relationship between mean, median and mode. < @) _Insymmetric distribution, mean = mode = median (i) Inskew (moderately asymmetncal) distribution median divides mean and mode internally in 1. 2 ratio. 2(Mean) + (Mode) : > median = — meme Pal Resonance”oe Ebay authed Meas ee In some cases, ‘are called bimodal Ifa dstibuton nes more nan mode of data 2, 4, 6, 8, 8 ‘data 2, 4, 6, 8, 8, 12, pecurs maximum number of mes 26 shed OF DISPERSION : of deviation of its value about their Recs ira venues heir central values. itgives an idea of scatterdness of different ce between greatest values & least values of variates of a distribution are called the range of differenceofextremevalues_ L-S Also coefficient of range = ~~ sumofextremevalues~ L+S largest value and S = smallest value DEVIATION : .viation of variate from their statistical Prdeviation of a distribution is, the mean of absolute value of de (median, mean or mode). sany statistical average then meat .n deviation about Ais defined as Six-Al N _ Calculate mean deviation at Data in ascending order is _ Median = at th value = 6" value = 9 “1 rowing data 3, 9,5, 3, 12, 10, 18,4, 7, 19,24 it median for the foll 33 18, 19, 21 3, 3, 4, 5. 7,9: 10) 12 deviation about medianSNe Plea Bcc Itis the mean of squares of deviation of variate from their mean. It is denoted by o* or vars), The ‘Square root of the variance are called the standard deviation. It is denoted by « or S.D. ‘$0 standard deviation= + variance Example 9. Find the mean and variance of first n natural numbers. eM Ye e288 ad ——— a CSETon) 50 shave © f(x,— K)*= 754 = AS rb -¥F] - 2 «1500 D.= \Var(x) = 75.08 = 3.88 Iculate the mean and standard deviation for the following data: : jupto (inRs.) | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 75 | 90 | 105 [120 Ghworkers [12 | 30 | 65 | 107 | 187 | 202 | 222 | 230] fe frequency distribution. So first we will prepare the frequency distribution ) Weare given the cummulativ: "_asgiven below Cummiative | Mid | Frequency | = esl ainieetoh ze eee frequency _|vates |, a 30 | 22.6 18 Seenee PEE | 65 37.8 35 On 1 |s25) 2 | ol 75 157 | 67.5 60 | 202 82.5 45 z nS 222 97.5 20 # ane 112.5 8 jut 2783Arithmetic mean of continuous grouped date: "Take mid points of given classes as x, and use form Example 4. Find the mean of the following frequency distribution | given for discrete grouped data Gesneeeno ene 2-8 Hy Solution Be Ee ce Calculation of Mean ; x =25 7 |Class-interval Midsalues (x) Frequency sa 4 [o-10 5 7 4 fe —— [10-20 15 10 Eo a a "20-30 25 15 ° $ y 30-40 35 8 10 : a 40-50 45 20 2 Fa Nez zhee We have, A=25,h = 10, N= 50 and 31 fi. 4 Mean =A+n {t=K4 = mean=25+10% 4 a 253 Example 2. Find the mean marks f students trom the foloning cumulative frequency dtibulon M ; Marks Number of students Marks oe students Oand above % 60 and above 28 10 and above 7 70 and above 16 20 and above nr 80 and above 10 30 and above 65 90 and above 8 40 and above 55 100 and above ° 50 and above 48 Solution “Here we ave, the cumulative frequency dstrbution, So, fst we converttinto an ornate distribution. We observe that there are 80 sti 0 ludents getting marks greater than of equal Oat ‘Students have secured 10 and more marks. Therefore, the number of students getting ™: Oand 10 is 80 3 a Resonence’ , 4 IN 322009062 $£$___rerrrer980-90 90-100 pute arithmetic pile ‘mean by taking 56 as the assumed mean, Frequency ares (fi) 70 3 5 25 7 35 10 2 -20 ie 2 e os 18 ee 2 f= Sf, = 80, Du, =- 26, A= 55 andh= 10 cach (get 26 §5+10% > 86 - 3.25 = 51.75 Marks of continuous frequency distributio fof observation be N. Prepare the cumulative frequency table. Find the median classi-e N RWhich the observation whose cumulative frequency is equal to or just greater than les. (Meer fxn where i J value is given by the formula : Median total frequency = Ef, limit of median class quency of the median class Etinulative frequency of the class preceding the median class interval (width) of the median class /ANCED XI (MATHEMATIC:N N js26 and the corresponding classis 1 "_Thecummulative frequency just oreaterthan + Is 26 and the corresponding cassis 18.20, Thus 15-20 is the median class such that /= 15, f= 1, F = 11 andh=5 Median = ¢+ MODE : aes 215+ 15 Mode for continuous frequency distribution : First find the modal class i.e. the class which has maximum frequency. The modal class can bbe determined either by inspecting or with the help of grouping The mode is given by the formula fee tact Mode = ¢+ 5 Where & = lower limit of the modal class h= width of the modal class 1, = frequency of the modal class i Example 4, [ Frequency | 5 [7 | 9 7 Solution Here, the maximum fre } class. Wehave, f= 12,h=4,f=17, f,=9 and 4 = 12 f-fi__ Bahnh Mode = ¢ + xh 8 32 Mode = 12+ 75 x4= 124 = Reson e oO Ete aerate SSE ee a. = =12 + 10.66 = 32.66 = frequency of the class preceding modal ci frequency of the class succeeding modal Compute the mode forthe following frequency distribution Size of items [0-4 [4-8 [8-12] 12-16] [i620 [20-24 [3a 7a emo | 6 | 135 3 = 195 lass class 28-32 6 1 aa x4 quency is 17 and the corresponding class is 12-16 So 12-16 isthe modal‘deviation about the ‘median of the oe following frequency distribution: Widvalues Frequency —Cumuaive Frequency (c.f.) os att i= 14-278 ‘median class. F N/2-F Median = ¢+ "=x, where (= 12,n=6, f= 12,F= 18 Medan = 12+ 22-18 xen 12+ “28 «14 7% 2 eatin about median = + si. 14)=222 N 44 Find the mean deviation from the mean for the fo =6.318 lowing data Classes] 10-20 Bae io] W=50 0-60] e070] 70-0] Meee | | 4 foe itis Xe We prepare the table as follows : Computation of mean deviation from mean Mid-values | frequencies3D DEVIATION : d or conti ‘of the formulae discussed in di ‘Calculate the mean and standard deviation for ion: xd or contin wuency distribution : In a groupe ws Hoo etn aigeete frequency distribution can Be used, the following distribution Marks [20-30 [30-40 | 40-50 No.of Students | 3 6 13 50-60 [60-70 70-80] 80-90] 16 | 14 5 4 7 Calculation of Standard deviation Frequency] Mid—values at oe ‘ ; . oa 24 Be i 13 18 55 a i 14 65 : i 75 2 a 85 3 3 = xX=800+ 10g) = 55220 Hite Vers) = hu -(po4u | EE = 100/69 ~(g0/ | =222.9 Si War(X) = (222.9 = 14.94 Educating for better tomorow MN Sesonence- Se eT eesx 3 16 5 =DAsM0 uns YAw=78 ype =t60 a h=5,a=17.5) Ry =175+35=21 A=" 160 _(78 "| ile (2) 2 5,(17600 - 6084 BA =25|—770,110ot 110. 33440-9216 Sb 25( sito) 904 = FU x 100-3241 % Coefficient of variation= 3° x 100= 5; x 100= We observe thatthe average brusting pressure is higher for manufacturer B. So, bags manufacuagy 7: Bhave higher bursting pressure, The coefficient of variation is less for manufacturer A. So bage mandate byAhave more uniform pressure. Ee 8. 10, " 13, 14, | : Q MR Resonance ENE