7/8 Department of Education

National Capital Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

TLE-Home Economics
Beauty Care (Nail Care Services)
Module 3
Nail Structures and Shapes

Writer: Ninivitch Irene V. De Guzman

Cover Illustrator: Christopher E. Mercado

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nail structures and shapes. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

This module contains:

● Lesson 1 – Use of Nail Care Tools, Materials, and Equipment

● Lesson 2 – Maintain Nail Care Tools and Equipment
● Lesson 3 – Perform Basic Preventive and Corrective
● Lesson 4 – Nail Structure and Different Nail Shapes

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify nail structures and shapes,
2. perform nail trimmings to varied nail shapes; and
3. identify workplace hazards and risks.

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 What I Know

Identify the following statement. Write your answer on the blank.

1. ____________ the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent

skin, which is called the 'true cuticle', that is removed during the manicuring
process.
2. ____________ the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly
below the cuticle.
3. ____________ the pearly colored and crescent shaped is due to the cells being
pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula
because of this.
4. ____________ the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation
of the matrix.
5. _____________ the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension
of the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium.

Nail Structures and

Lesson 4
Shapes
Nails are a part of the skin and are made up of the same protein, keratin (KER-
a-tin), as skin and hair. It is composed of then hardest keratin. The technical term
for nail in onyx (ON-iks). The purpose of nails is to protect the ends of fingers and
toes and to help the fingers grasp small objects. Adult fingernails grow at an average
rate of 1/8 inch a month; toenails grow more easily. The characteristics of healthy
nails are smooth, shiny, and translucent pink. Its surface is smooth, curved, and
unspotted, without any hollows or wavy ridges.

Normally, nails replace themselves every four months and grow more quickly
in summer than in winter. The nail grows fastest on the middle finger and slowest
on the thumb.

What’s In
A healthy fingernail has the function of protecting the distal phalanx, the
fingertip, and the surrounding soft tissues from injuries. It also serves to enhance
precise delicate movements of the distal digits through counter-pressure exerted on
the pulp of the finger.

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 What’s New
What do you observe in the illustrations below? Write your observation on the
box beside it.

What is It

Basic Information About Nail

Nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers and toes. The main
purpose of the nail is to protect the fingers and toes; however, the fingernail also
assists with certain physical activities in daily life.

Below are the diagrams of the nail and its structure.

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Structures of Nail

1. Lunula - the pearly coloured and crescent shaped is due to the cells being
pushed closely together, the blood capillaries cannot be seen through the lunula
because of this.
2. Cuticle - the overlapping epidermis around the nail. It is the transparent skin,
which is called the 'true cuticle', that is removed during the manicuring process
3. Free edge -the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension
of the nail plate that overlaps the hyponychium
4. Matrix - the only living reproducing part of the nail. This is situated directly
below the cuticle. New cells form here and continually push towards to produce
the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood supply provides
the cells with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail will grow deformed.

Note: Be careful not to apply excessive pressure to this area during a manicure.

5. Nail bed - the part of the nail where the nail plate rests on, also a continuation
of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and nerves, having
numerous parallel ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges on the under
surface of the nail plate.
6. Nail walls - the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. They hold your
nail in place and protect the nail plate edges.
7. Nail Plate - is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This
is made up from dead cells and a minimum amount of moisture. The nail is
semi-transparent – allowing the color of blood supply of the dermis to show.

Shapes of Nail
The shape of the nail conforms to that of fingertips of an individual.

Squoval
Oval Nail Square Nail Round Nail Pointed Nail
Nail

Step 01:

Prepare the types of instruments for this task. Nail cutter, who has small or medium
slightly curved blades, which are suitable for trimming the fingernails. Nail cutters
with straight blades are suitable for use.

Step 02:
Before using your nail cutter, make sure that it is clean. Wash your nail cutter to
remove dust and germs, especially when you are sharing your nail cutter with
someone else. Dry thoroughly after washing it.

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Step 03:
Wash your hands. Wipe dry with any towel or tissue paper to remove extra water.
This process cleans your fingernails, and beside cleaning fingernails it also helps in
softening your nails and easier to cut them
Step 04:
You must cut your nails in a place where you can clearly see what you are doing.
Put a small container near you in which you can collect the nails.
Step 05:
Decide the shape of your nails. Decide which shape you want. After deciding, lift
the nail cutter and start cutting your nails.
Step 06:
Start cutting your nails starting from your little finger.
Step 07:

Click on the nail cutter that can cut through the nail. You can make at least two or
three cuts of a fingernail until everything is snug. Follow the curve of the nail to get
a clean cut. Check skin flaps after each cut and remove carefully.

Step 08:

Sit comfortably and crouch your knee side to easily reach up and see the nails
clearly. Be sure not to set up a deep razor to prevent scratches. Adjust the position
of razor if you feel any discomfort.

Step 09:

After cutting your nails, use a nail file to smooth any rough and odd surface of
newly trimmed nails. When you file, do it in on tilt – from the corner of the nail to
go down.

Step 10:

Apply some moisturizer on your hands to keep the cuticles moisturized and
smooth.

What’s More
Enumerate the following items listed below. In any order.

A. Structures of nails
1. 6.
2. 7.
3.
4.
5.

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B. Shapes of nails
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

1. Free edge is the part of the nail that can be filed and shaped. It is an extension
of the _____________ that overlaps the hyponychium.

2. ____________are the folds of skin that overlap the sides of the nail. It holds
your nail in place and protects the nail plate edges.

3. Nail bed is the part of the nail that the nail plate ______________ on, also a
continuation of the matrix. It is abundantly supplied with blood vessels and
nerves, having numerous parallel ridges which dovetail exactly with the ridges
on the under surface of the nail plate.

4. Matrix is the only living reproducing part of the nail, this is situated directly
below the ___________. New cells form here and continually push towards to
produce the nail plate. It also contains blood vessels and nerves. Blood
supply provides the cells with nourishment. If the matrix is damaged the nail
will grow deformed.

5. ____________is a visible nail that rests on the nail bed up to the free edge. This
is made up from dead cells and a minimum amount of moisture.

What I Can Do
Trim and shape your fingernails and rate yourself using the Scoring Rubrics.
Scoring Rubric

Criteria Weight

Demonstrated the proper way of trimming and shaping

20 pts.
fingernails with no supervision

Demonstrated the task with limited supervision 15pts.

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 Demonstrated the task with direct supervision 10 pts.

Failed to demonstrate the proper way of trimming and

5 pts.
shaping fingernails

Assessment

Label the different parts of the nail.

Identify the different shapes of nails.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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 Additional Activities

Online learners: Using the internet, search the structure of the nail and print it in
colored. Write also or label the parts of the nail to give more additional information
of the nail structure.

Offline Learners: Review the module/lesson about the structures of the nail and
the different shapes. Try to cut your own nails using the different shapes. After
applying it to yourself, get other members of the family as your patron and do the
same

Workplace and Risks

As a competent manicurist, your goal is to give the highest professional nail

care service to your client. Thus, all occupational health and safety procedures
should be always observed in a nail salon or even in your on-call services.

What’s In

Determine the type of hazard a manicurist is exposed to base on the description

given in each item. Give the correct answer for each number.
1. Pose threat to the health of living organism

L O I L B O C A I G

2.Forceful repetitive movements

S E R O I N M C O G

3.Substances used at work

C A M I C L E H

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4. Force exerted activity
A A N L U M

5. Twisted extension cord

G N I H A N D L

What’s New
What do you observe in the illustrations below? Identify what type of
hazards. Write your answer on the box below the picture.

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 What is It
Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a planned system of working to prevent
illness and injury at work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health
and safety procedures are the responsibility of all persons in the beauty service
industries. You must identify the hazards where you are working and evaluate how
dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.

Harm- is an adverse health effect on something or someone under certain conditions

at work.

Risk - the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an

adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your workplace
that have the potential to cause harm.

Common hazards in a beauty salon

There are many hazards present at a beauty salon that deserves your
attention. Use this guide as a starting point for conducting a risk assessment at your
facility to correct potential hazards and to keep your clients’ safety.

Types of Hazard
1. Electrical Many of the electrical appliances used
Hazard in the beauty salons can create serious
health and safety risks, particularly in
wet conditions. Damage to equipment
increases this risk. Electrical shock
can result in electrocution, burns, and
injuries from falls.

Ask a qualified electrician to check all

pieces of electrical equipment in the
workplace annually or as often as
possible.

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2. Chemical These are substances used and/or
Hazard produced at work that have the
potential to harm the health and safety
of people at work. Health effects of
some hazardous substances include
skin irritation, coughs, asthma,
sensitization, poisoning and cancer.

Good ventilation can get rid of the

fumes and chemical smell that builds
up in a salon. Use appropriate personal
protective clothing (PPE).
3. Fire Hazard As a beauty salon staff, you must be
aware of and trained in fire and
emergency evacuation procedures in
the workplace.

An emergency exit way will be the

easiest route by which all of the clients
and staff can leave the building or
salon safely.
4. Biological Biohazards also refer to biological
Hazards substances that pose a threat to the
health of living organisms, primarily
that of humans. Micro-organisms live
on skin, in food and dirt are easily
spread between clients and
manicurists/pedicurists and are easily
transferred by contact with unwashed
hands, soiled equipment or contact
with blood and body substances.
Nail technicians must assume that all
blood and other body substances are
potential sources of infection.
5. Ergonomics Manicurists/pedicurists use forceful
repetitive movements such as filing
and buffing nails and holding
uncomfortable positions for long
periods of time, thereby increasing risk
for musculoskeletal injuries.
Paying attention to how you perform
these tasks can prevent many injuries,
e.g. lower back, neck, wrist, and
shoulder pain.

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 What’s More
Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect. Write the answer on the space provided.

____ 1. In any occupation where there is exposure to blood and other bodily fluids,
there is always the potential for the transmission of blood borne allergy.

____ 2. Nail workers have an obligation to their client’s health and safety.

____ 3. PPE is used to protect workers from chemical hazards.

____ 4. Identifying workplace hazards means looking for those things at your
workplace that have the potential to cause them.

____ 5. MSDS provides information on how to handle, store, discard, and care for
potentially hazardous chemicals.

____ 6. To avoid injury and harm to the health of salon’s clients, it is important that
new or inexperienced workers be adequately trained in OHS.

____ 7. OHS is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you
work by recognizing and identifying hazards and risks in the nail salon.

____ 8. Damaged equipment may cause an accident or injury if it is not working

correctly.

____ 9. Ergonomic is to reduce stress and illuminate injuries and disorders

associated with the overuse of muscles, bad posture, and repeated tasks.

____ 10. Back injuries are most caused by wrong posture or position or can be
prevented.

What I Have Learned

It is important to know safety procedures for a beauty or hair salon.

Employers have a general duty to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their
employees, clients, visitors, and others who may be affected by salon activities.
Accident preventative measures are within the control of management.

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 What I Can Do

Look for hazards and risks that might be present in your house. Place a sticker
whenever you find possible hazards inside your house. Identify and give the possible
risks that might happen in your house.

Parts of the House Hazards Risks

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Assessment
Read the following statements and select and encircle the best answer.
1. It is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or will experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard
a. harm
b. risk
c. ergonomics
2. It is an adverse health effect on something or someone under certain conditions
at work.
a. harm
b. risk
c. ergonomics
3. It involves identifying the hazards present and then evaluating the risk, taking
into account the existing precautions.
a, risk assessment
b. training
c. experience

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4. It is important to give the health and safety experience to new or inexperienced
workers, including those that have been away from the workforce for some time
a. training
b. exposure
c. hygiene
5. It is a practice in some beauty salons that may affect the health of customers
and workers that may lead to exposure to biological hazards that cause infectious
diseases.
a. unsafe practices
b. fungi
c. activities

Additional Activities
Online Learners: Using the internet, search or google some examples of common
hazards that can be experienced at home while doing some home chores. Make a
list of some examples and explain how to prevent from it.

Offline Learners: Look for another book and get the difference of risk, harm and
workplace hazards. Be able to write it and understand the meaning. Draw or give
also at least one example of picture for each word.

Aside from what have just mentioned in the lesson, list some more potential
hazards and risks commonly found in the salon.

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.

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18 City of Good Character
What's More
What’s In
1.False
2.True 1. Biological
3.True
2. Ergonomics
Assessment 4.True
5.True 3. Chemical
1. Risk 6.True
2. Harm 7.True 4. Manual
3. Risk Assessment 8.True
9.False 5. Handling
4. Training
5. Unsafe Practice 10.True
Assessment What I Know
1. cuticle
1.1 2. matrix
3. lunula
1. free edge
4. nail bed
2. nail plate/nail body What's More
5. free edge
3. nail walls
4. lunula
5. eponychium/cuticle What I Have Learned
1. Nail plate 1. Free edge
1.2 2. Nail Walls 2. Nail body/nail plate
a. Stiletto/or pointed 3. Rest 3. lunula
b. Squoval 4. Cuticle 4. cuticle
c. Oval/Almond 5. Nail Plate 5. nail walls
d. Square 6. matrix nail bed
 References
Books

kreativestudios.com

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres\hhttp://www.google.com.ph/imgre

http://www.cbd.int/ibd/2008/Resources/teachers/appendix3.shtml\hwww.cbd.in
http://www.cbd.int/ibd/2008/Resources/teachers/appendix3.shtml
\h/ibd/2008/Resources/teachers/appendix3.shtm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_disease\hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_disease
http://www.beautyweb.com/ \hhttp://www.beautyweb.com

Online Sources

www.cdc.gov
hhtp.//www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/forms publications
http://www.deir.qld.gov.au/workplace/subjects/hairdressing/guide/hazards/elect
ric/index.htm
http://www.dh.sa.gov.au/
http://www.hsa.ie/eng/
http://www.nailsmag.com/article/1138/posture-primer
https://www.google.com/search?q=clipart+picture+of+beauty+care+nail+care+servi
ces&sxsrf=ALeKk038afFBCuhttps://www.google.com/search?q=clipart+picture+of+
beauty+care+nail+care+services&sxsrf=ALeKk038afFBCu-
BEAUTY CARE (NAIL CARE) SERVICES K to 12 Technology and Livelihood
Education 35
https://www.msccollege.edu/blogs/nails/manicure-pedicure-tools/
https://www.msccollege.edu/blogs/nails/manicure-pedicure-tools/
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00Huae5AZndvAgd5kNDrMqy5agRX
Q%3A1592185259528&source
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00Huae5AZndvAgd5kNDrMqy5agRX
Q%3A1592185259528&source

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 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ninivitch Irene V. De Guzman (PHS)

Editors:
Marites G. Cerojales (Subject Coordinator, PHS)
Nerissa E. Estrella (ASP II/OIC, MNHS)
Internal Reviewers: Joseph T. Santos (Education Program Supervisor-EPP/TLE)
Illustrator: Ninivitch Irene V. De Guzman (PHS)
Layout Artist: Khrycys G. Olairez (BNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Joseph T. Santos
Education Program Supervisor–EPP/TLE

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – Learning Resource Management and Development System

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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