Urban jungle 5) Listen to two people talking about where they live. Decide whether they live in a rural or urban area. Speaker 1: Speaker 2;__ (£825) Now listen again and make a note of “ye ee, the advantages and disadvantages of rural life tke. 4 » that the speakers mention, [Speaker | Advantages of rural life | BRED Uses dictionary to help you put the words in the box in the correct parts of the m CCU tem te ae Cet SSCL isan Eon S| Da . aren't Se ee etree tranquil frantic overdevelopment infrastructure _a sense of commu have dont have [APA Complete the passay #8 with words or phrases from the mind map. You may need of the words, One of the main disadvantages of rural lie in developed Countries is the sense ‘many people can feel. There isn’t a devel +0 people are very dependent on their cars to appreciate the benefits of the come and work in the! the* Of the city, Life may be* =. loped Bet around. Ic is often difficule Fural lifestyle, so it can be difficult to persuade doctors a However, people born and raised OF life and often feel overwhelmed by the in the countryside, but people lv SPECES that exist because things have remained relatnen, hundreds of yearsUrban jungle 1 ago. Our natural habitat was the savannah, where our This way of existence required frequent moving. only after the Agrarian Revolution, which appears to G9. Most people came to live in farmhouses, often grouped in villages. d ever cities. However, the percentage ofthe population that lived 2 erarian society, In Medieval Europe, some 90% of the population lived inthe Country. This pattern changed drastically after the Industrial Revolution, when, in less than two centuries, massive urbanisation took place, this massive exodus from the land to the city was not accompanied by negative attitudes to rural living, In fact, the reverse occurred. It would seem that the less rural life is practised, che more it is cherished and the greater the emphasis on the hazards of urban life. In the years following the Industrial Revolution, 2:new artistic theme cmerged: the theme of pastoral idyll, Lyrics, novels and paintings began soemphasise the beauty of nature and the virtues of rural life. A constant undertone in this theme is that rural living is more satisfying than life in the town, We are led to believe that, in the country, we can find the safe, simple serenity that is so desperately needed by the alienated city dweller. In reality, various studies on life satisfaction have revealed that there is no advantage to living in a rural setting. In developed countries, rural people tend to be just as satisfied with life as city people. Moreover, in the developing countries, rural elles are markedly less happy than city dwellers. The results of a survey conducted to find out where people would prefer to live given the choice showed that the pattern of preference is in fact the reverse of the parem of settlement. Rural living is preferred more in the most urbanised parts of the world, while urban living is seen as most desirable in the least urbanised parts. Write Yes Ifthe statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO. Ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN Ifitis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 1 Our original ancestors were unable to live in permanent villages, 2. The Agrarian Revolution occurred later in Europe than in other Parts of the world 3. The Industrial Revolution led to food shortages in urban areas. 4 When people stop living in rural areas, they idealise rural life. 5 Studies on life satisfaction support city dwellers’ beliefs about rural life, © Indeveloped countries, people living in urban areas are happier ‘than those living in rural areas. EB PaRABHRASE Highlight or underline words in che passage with similar meaning tothe following. Words and phrases. % characteristic (that isn't obvious) os became known peacefulness made not to feel a sense of belonging 10 noticeably wera= 13 Urban jungle 2) Complete the sentences with phrases from 4.1. ¥ 1 We need a stronger _________ to help keep the crime levels in our major cities down. 2 The city has far more ________ than rural areas, so young people don't get bored so easily. 3 Anefficent_________and frequent __________are both essential to maintaining sanitation in densely populated areas. 4 —_______ceates enormous problems for people travelling around the city at peak times. 5 Many people who move to the city from rural areas end up living in__.________ because of a shortage of housing. 6 Wis difficult to determine where the city ends because of the ) (E926) Listen to a talk about urbanisation and answer the questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. ‘A ‘megacity’ isa city with at lease how many people? How many people were living in Rome in the early Middle Ages? What percentage of the world's population was living in cities at the end of the twentieth century? How many cities had more than one million people in 2007? ‘According to the UN, what proportion of the population will be living in cities in 2030? What element of a megacity is it difficult to establish? According to the UN, where will two billion people be living in 20307 Noawevne 1) In Pare 1 of the Speaking test, you will be asked questions about things that are familiar to you. Look at the following questions and make a note of any new vocabulary from this unit you could use in your answers. Then answer the questions as fully as you can. How would you describe the city or town where you live? Do you prefer city life or country life? ‘Do you think your town or city has changed very much in the fast 20 years? (If so, in what way?) What changes would you like to see in the future? ‘What areas of your town or city would you recommend to visitors? (Why?) In your country, where can people go to escape from busy city areas? 1 2 3 4 5 6|| SPEAKING TEST - PART 1 | Read the questions. Which ones would probably NOT be asked in Part 1 of the Speaking test? © Part 1 questions focusion general familiar topies that reflect your 1 Do you live in a house or an apartment? everyday fe, rather than compen ar abstract questions 2 you could choose any country to visit, where would you go? 3. What are the main issues affecting life in your town? ‘4 What do you like about the area where you live? 5 How might overpopulation affect city life in the future? 6 How often do you use public transport in your town/city? 7 Why is it important to look after places of natural beauty? 8 Doyouolten visit parks in your townycity? Listen to three candidates answering three of the questions in exercise3. For each question, what does the candidate do wrong? ‘+ Newer memorise complete answers to questions before theeram Its normally ‘obvious to examiners. when» candidate doesthisanditimay affect your score: Aimnto show a variety of ver forms and grarmenar structures + but they must be correct you want a high score. \Vary your vocabulary. Use ‘3ynonyms and paraphrase to express your ideas using ditterent words, |_| SPEAKING TEST - PART 2 | [GIST Which Pare2taskeard isan aceurate example of what you would begven inthe VELTS test? A Describe a rural town that you plan tovvisit in the future You should say: + where the town is + when you would like to go + who you would go with and explain what you would like to do there. 8 c ee oe Describe this town ina rural area. Describea town in arural area that you plan to visit in the future. You should say: + howe far it is from your home + when you plan to go + why its important for people to spend time in places like this and explain what is being done to State whether you would like to go maintain itas an area of outstanding there and why. natural beauty. When answering the Part 2 question, you do Rot need to try and give ‘equal time toveach of thetour prompts. Some Listen to an answer to the task cardin exercise 5. Does the candidate cover all the prompts in equal detail? What effect would this have on his score? prompts wil be easier toexpandon than others.1, SPEAKING TEST - PART 3 | [OTIS Listen toa candidate giving good answers to Part3 questions. For each answer (1-5), ‘choose the corresponding question (A-E), and write the letter, te m4 2 3 4 5 {A If private cars were completely banned from the most overcrawded cities, what might happen? 8 How wasfamilylife different before transportlinks connected most towns and cities? Whichis preferable, living on the top floor of a studio apartment blockina city, or ina beautifulhouse in the middle of the countryside? D Why do people decide to move from the city to the countryside? £ How might overpopulation affect city life in the future? ‘Read questions A-E again and read the scripton page 208. What was each ‘question asking the candidate to do? Discuss witha partnerand choose from tthe list of ‘functions’ below. ‘Thinking about the function of the question being asked will help you i Makea prediction to develop your answer and decide fi Compare and contrast what language and structures iii Consider a hypothetical situation touse. iv Suggest causeand effect v_ Analyse past and present Read these comments on the candidate's performance. Write the correct marking criteria they correspond to: Fluency and Coherence (FC); Lexical Resource (LR); ‘Grammatical Range and Accuracy (GRA); Pronunciation (P). 1 Uses stress and intonation appropriately, e.g NOT just NAtionally, but INternationally. 2 Uses a good range of more advanced structures naturally, e.g..... ifyouwere just visiting the city, it probably wouldn't bother you ....| That might sound ridiculous now, butcities are likely to keep expanding at the rate they are currently 3 Speaks fluently with very rare hesitation or repetition. 4 Avoids making grammatical mistakes, 5 Uses varied vocabulary that is relevant to the topics discussed, 6 Develops the topics fully and appropriately; supplies answers of an appropriate length, 7 Every answer can be understood very easily. 8 Uses less comman vocabulary, including collocation and idiomatic phrases, e.g the bright lights ofthe big city| traditional family unit | it's too over the top for some ‘9 Uses appropriate phrases to introduce and connect ideas, e.g. Generally speaking, though ...| Having said that Joy Listen again tothe candidate and notice how she does these things. ta oeInthe Part section carer the candidate gave weak anawer which weld notscore Desi or GRA iced the sentencebeow: Why i thisincaret? esmon as ne wlth, weg. [E[aI) Inthe Pact section you tstene ton errs, the candidate gave strong answer which wou score well for GPA an included the erences elo. Complete the sentences with 1 teconeet earns pvars rom thebox Ren item and ened . people rehappytousebuses anaes iste frei cars if wit ° Fra prandpacerlthrkitwilbe even more serert. E take ercugh monn. detintely beon 9 tp oor mene. > Yeu gr oie and haves lay yo start eng tine to mone c (ha changes were gingto need more end morehomestor [I[a) took at exerci 12apninand answer the questions 1 hathappenstothe measingotsentence you we ce? 2 whathappensta the meaning thesemences Aan Cif you we hes? 3 Inwhien sentences the grammar ferent omthecthers) Why does the spear decide [ITA] ten seainand put cc aroundthe steed spalesineach sentence Ein ‘apg neurontin BEmt (BIS) User axananc pace saying eacnsentece wih he correct prorunaton, Dos Renee (ME Exam skits } [IE Tatton yuan jot. Tense sad net + yor cy. at ou atte ween? {inte towne ovlveln now wha ao lve anes? [ITI Heme tash2card Men practsemakin notestor one minut, nd deer our tongtrnte aparine: oushoul say. + were the cy was 1 Raw ong ed tere foe anenlan what youthed and dated about ng there Eg Mt deem at aeston wth pate. 1 Doyouti tat whe then 10 yeas web ty bude cies on tne sare! 2 wat wold happens onernment putin Rowan ewe wre towed hnciangene? 2 Tadnymany eon people mave ay toms townsto ig tie WhatefetEXAM SKILLS Use the information and language from this lesson to answer this Writing Task 1. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The line chart below shows the results ofa survey giving the reasons why people moved to the capital city ofa particular country. ‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words, Survey results: reasons for moving