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Objectives:
1. Define a matrix.
2. Add, subtract and multiply matrices.
3. Solve problems involving equivalent matrices.
4. Identify a singular matrix as a matrix with a determinant of zero.
5. Calculate the inverse of 2×2 matrix.
Order of a Matrix
2 4 -3 -4 5 1 -2
E= F= G= H= 2 6 I=
3 9 1 -3 -3
-2 -3
This is only possible when the matrices are of the same size.
e) A + B f) D + H g) C + F h) G + I
i) (E + G) + I j) E + (G + I)
……………………………………………… …………………………………………………
k) Is matrix addition commutative? Give reason for your answer: ……………………
v) E - I vi) E + I – G
…………………………………………… …………………………………………………..
Scalar multiplication
4 0 1 -1 0 1 6
1 3
1. Find: (a) 2W = b) 3Y + Z d) 4Z – W
2 4
Equivalent Matrices
2 3 5 = 2 3 z-4
2x 1 4 8 1 4
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Activity4: (Equivalent matrices)
…………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………
0 h 1 2 k 14 2x 5 4 1
c) h - = d) = 5
i -3 3 j 5 -12 z-3 y2 -1 20
……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………..
Matrix Multiplication
NB**: To multiply matrices, you have to multiply the rows of the first matrix by the columns of the
second matrix (ie. Row by Column).
1 3
Examples: 1. 3 2 5 2. 3 2 -3 -1 3. 3 2 4
-2 2 -2
4 1
4 5 5 6 5 -3 0
4 5
2 2
4 4
2 3 1 5 -3 -1 -3
A= B= C= D= E= 4 5
4 0 7 -2 5 6 2
d) AB e) ED f) DE
3. Calculate:
a) BC b) CB
..................................................................... .................................................................
c) (AB)C d) A(BC)
a) Commutative? ………………….
Reason?........................................................................................................................................
b) Associative? …………………….
Reason? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
𝑎 𝑏
In general, the determinant of a matrix [ ] is given by : ad - bc.
𝑐 𝑑
Activity6: (Matrix determinant)
2 4 -9 2 -4 5 5 -4
2 10 3 1 -5 3
-2 -3
……………………….…………………………………………………………………………..
Example: Find the values of x, given that the matrices below are singular.
1) x 9 2) 10 2x 3) 3 2 4) x 9
2 6 3 3 x+2 4 4 x
5 4
5) If is a singular matrix, calculate the value of m:
m-1 6
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4 7 -2 4
Example: Find the Adjoint for: (a) (b)
2 3 -1 6
……………………………………………… ……………………………………………
Finding the Inverse of a 2×2 Matrix
1
INVERSE = 𝐷𝑒𝑡. [𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡]
4 2
Example: Find the inverse, A-1, of the matrix: A=
-5 3
………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………..
4 2
Example: Find the inverse, A-1, of the matrix: A=
-5 3
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1 0
d) Show by calculation that the product of A-1A = ( )
0 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
1 4
2. Find the inverse of the matrix
2 1
…………………………………………….………………………………………………………
ii) Hence, determine the value for a, b, c, and d in the matrix equation:
1 4 a b = 4 13
2 1 c d 8 5
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
NB1* Singular matrix has a determinant of zero and therefore has no inverse.
1 0
NB2* A matrix multiplied by its inverse equals the Unit Matrix/Identity Matrix
0 1
The Unit Matrix has the effect of 1 in multiplication.
-1 5 0 1
…………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..
Accelerated Class MATRICES WORKSHEET (Part 2)
Objectives:
Write the pair of equations as a matrix equation. i.e AB = C where, A, B and C are matrices
𝑥
Find the inverse of A and multiply it by C. i.e. B = A-1C where B is the unknown matrix (𝑦)
(c) 4x + 2y = 10 (d) 8x + 3y = 2
-6x - 2y = 18 5x + 4y = -3
Application of Matrices - Matrices can be used to solve real-life problems.
Activity10: (Matrix application)
1. In a competition, 3 points are awarded for winning a match, 0 points if the match was lost, and 1
point for a draw.
The results of seven matches played by 3 teams, J, K and L are:
Team J won 3, lost 1, and drew 3; Team K won 2, lost 4 and drew 1; Team L won 3, lost 2, and
drew 2.
i) Write a column matrix to represent the points awarded for win, lose and draw. Name the
matrix P:
…………………………………………………………………..........…………………….
ii) Write a 3×3 matrix, R, to represent the results of the matches played by the three teams
(arranged in rows for each team)
…………………………………………….………………………………………………
iii) Write down a matrix product which can be used to find the number of points each team
was awarded at the end of the competition.
………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Using your matrix product, calculate the total points awarded to each team.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The table shows the types and number of drinks which Mary and Jane buy each week.
ii) Given that the cost of Malt is $2.00, Soda is $1.50 and Sorrel $3.00, write a column
matrix Q to represent the cost of the drinks:
……………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
iv) What information is given by EACH number in the resulting matrix?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….