— YAMAHAz Si Fa] YMF262 FM Operator Type L3 (OPL3) OPL FcR YAMAHA = OVERVIEW ‘The YMF262 (OPL3) was developed as a sound source LSI for computer and game equipment. ‘The YMF262 contains an FM sound source which may be controlled by software. In addition, five different rhythm sounds (bass drum, snare drum, tom tom, top cymbal and hi hat cymbal) are avail- able. The YMF262 is register compatible with the YM3812 (OPL2), with twice the number of signal sources, four new operator modes, selectable waveform and 4 channel output. = FEATURES © Registers are compatible with YM3812 (OPL2) FM sound source. © Up to six sounds can be used as four-operator melody sounds for variety. © 18 simultaneous melody sounds, or 15 melody sounds with five rhythm sounds (with two oper- ators) © Six four-operator melody sounds and six two-operator melody sounds, or six four-operator melody sounds, three two-operator melody sounds and five rhythm sounds (with four operators). Eight selectable waveforms. channel sound output. YMF262 compatible DAC (YACS12) is available. LFO for vibrato and tremolo effects. ‘Two programmable timers. Shorter register access time compared with YM3812 8V single supply silicon gate CMOS process. 24 Pin SOP Package (YMF262-M), 48 Pin SQFP Package (YMF262-5). ee ee 6 cles OPAL" is a trade mark of YAMAHA Corporation which represents a full register compatibili with YAMAHA YM3812 (OPL2) YAMAHA CORPORATION [___Yweze2 caTALOG (GRTALOG No, 4MF262A6 3994.11VAMIAGIA = BLOCK DIAGRAM YMF262 Date Bus ‘ining : Control Control a I Envelope _ Accumulator Generator (oP) a Accumulator | sb soo T - f 7 fo ster Phase Vibrato, oo ore Rewer EJ | Generator ft Amplitude (PG) Modulation = PIN OUT DIAGRAM of YMF262-M © YMF262-M. © YMF262-S. wl]! OC om oS egsssed S2eczz2%2 ino esr A = ic 000 0 ie one we) a snc we sure wey _ a oe YMF262-5 : wwe) cs 26 7% Test os tay 708 € oo os ust ot 03 vss oz 24°. SOP Top View Bin SQFP top view —-F vos FE oone Ea swrac unc) 335 swee0 seF inc) siamo) 3c) Ewe) For Ewe Eps EosYMF262 YAMAGA = PIN CONFIGURATION No. Tisor issgrr) YO | Pinname Funetion ieee | ea : Yoo ++5V supply 2 | 4 | op [are “Timer interupt request 3 | 48 Bw fac Initial clear _ 4 1 ree [Fao (CPU interface Address select input (sal |e iam far (CPU interface Address select input e | 4 1__|iwe CPU interface Write enable input ‘| 7 | 9 1__[ RD CPU interface Read enable input a [ou [ics CPU interface Chip select input 9 | 2 oO | test LSI test pin (normally NC) w | 3 | vo |p “CPU interface nies as ee | OMe | fT CPU interface ae ei vss Ground wm | 2 vo | b2 | CPU imerface Data bus 2m seroma ins) CPU interface ata bus 4 vo | pt CPU interface Data bus 25 vo | ps. CPUinertace ata bus : al [- 26 | vo | pe (CPU interface — Data bus —_ ieee | Oe FT [cpu intertace Data bus (MSB) 19 | 33 | smppp__| DAC imerface B and D channel sample/hold 20 | 35 © [| smpac | DAC imerface ‘A and C channel sample’hold FEE © | boas DAC interface ‘A and B channel serial data output 2 © | poco DAC interface (Cand D channel serial data output B 0 |osy DAC interface Data latch signal a [a [om Master clock input (14:32 MHz) Note : OD is open drain output pin. Fis pull up inpot pinYAMALIA YMF262 = FUNCTIONS 1. Master Clock oM Alll operations in the LSI are controlled by the 14.32 MHz master clock signal applied to the 6M pin. 2. CPU Interface /CS, /RD, /WR, AO, Al, DO-D7 Sound generation is controlled by writing data in these registers. Writing data to a register or reading the status from a register is accomplished through an 8 bit parallel CPU interface signal DO-D7 are a bidirectional data bus, and /CS, /RD, /WR, AO, and Al are data bus control signals, The data bus is controlled as follows: cs IRD WR AD AL (CPU Access Mode HX) XX ~~ X ‘| Inactive mode ) LH LL Lit | Address write mode LH LH X | Data write mode ete Cee eet ee 1 || statue teed cd X: Don't care Note: Operation in states other than those listed above is not guaranteed, (a) Inactive mode When /CS='H’, the data bus D0-D7 are in a high impedance state. (b) Address write mode ‘This mode is used to specify the write address. For register array 0, Al="L', For register array 1, Al="H”. The address of the data should be output on the data bus. After this cycle, data ‘may be written in data write mode after a minimum of $2 master clock cycles. (©) Data write mode Write data at the address specified previously. The data to be written should be output on the data bus. A wait of at least 32 master clock cycles is required before the next address write or data write. (@) Status read mode Read the status of the LSI. The status is output on the data bus.YMF262 YAMARA 3. DAC Interface DOAB, DOCD, dSY, SMPAC, SMPBD YMF262 generates 4 channel sounds, which are output from DOAB and DOCD. Data streams of A and B channel are output from pin DOAB and data streams of C and D channel are output from pin DOCD. These sound data are transmitted as 16-bit offset serial binary data stream. ‘These data streams are designed as input to the YAC512 D/A converter. The YMF262's sampling frequency is 49.7 kHz. As part of the YMF262/YAC512 interface, the YMF262 outputs three tim- ing signals (#SY, SMPBD, SMPAC). Fig 1 shows these timing. In this case, please take care that the assignment of YAC512 audio output channel is changed according to connection of sam- plefhold signal (See Exsample). sy TUM | peas OCC eee 1S) oa 03) (Cs) oe THS67 bocD. TTT TTT TT Trt rrr 1 (sa) oH (SB) (U8) 1 re) SMPBD 1 SMPAC Example 1 Matrix table of YMF262 register and YACS12 output channel | eS : DOABD. DOCH (DAC A = cm_| cHi_| cH cia | ¢ | cuB | O cic c cub J fa Matrix table of YMF262 register and YACS12 output channel jt DOAB (DAC 11 | DOCD (DAC 3) yet _ cm_| cH | cai | cue | CHA | O | m cus | o | L_|ow | cue | ot cup | i)YAMAGA YMF262 = REGISTER MAP ADDR | HEX) REGISTER ARRAY 0(A1="L" REGISTER ARRAY 1 (A1="H") p7|p6|ps|p4|p3a|p2|p1 > [pe z]p6|ps[p4]pa]o2|pi [po S01 LSI TEST LSI TEST TIMER1 | TIMER 2 RST ar |r st2| str T= — 7 | CONNECTION SEL accep NTS AM | VIB |EGT/KSR) MULT T-— AM |vIB|EGT/KSR MULT +——_+— +++ KSL TL F NUMBER(L) poy Kon] BLOCK | FNUM(H) KON] BLOCK — | FNUM(H) DaM|bvB)RyT) BD | sp |rom) Tc | HH cx | cuc | cup | cHa FB cnt ‘cHD| CHC| CHB CHA FB cnt 8F5 ws 4 ws. Note: All registers are cleared at reset.YMF262 YAMA = FM SIGNAL SOURCE ORGANIZATION / Channel signal ee | (eworoperator) | Channel signal 1 (four-operaton) 2] 3 | |S ea i] fe Tel Te fis] [uy fis] obese ba Slot 2 signal Jul faz] fue] far | Register settings for 29| 2a) 30] [ai] [2 the slot (AL='L}) 2c) jap| jaa} 34) 35) | 49) laa} |50| |s1) s2|_ | | jc) jan] |sa] |54 5s] leo} lea) rol ral rz] | | sc| eo] lz] |za| 7s | 89) 84,90, Jon) 92 ac} lao! jos| 04) Jos) 9) lleol lglg? ee} [eo] ra) |ra| [rs Register settings for Mas ae aT ks channel (two-operator, bo | pa | Ba | 85 | Be | BT | Bs | ale) ca | ca | ca | cs | ce | cz | ce | Register settings for a2 | ca | ca | cs ‘channel (four-operator, 1 | tfouraperator) |_Slot 1 signal | Slot 2 signal Register settings for the slot (Al Register settings for channel (two-operator, Al=H) Register settings for | channel (four-operator, | alsw 83 £0 £3 ao far [az | as | ag | as | as | a7 | as. so | 1 | 2 | co | cr | ca coe nat | Bo | a1 | 52 co} ci | c2YAMAGA YMF262 = REGISTERS (1) Description TIMER ‘Timer 1 preset value ‘Timer 1 is an 8 bit preset counter. This counter is every 80,8, and /IRQ is generated when the counter overflows. TIMER 1 is the preset value. When overflow occurs, this value is auto- ‘matically re-loaded into the counter. The time until /IRQ is generated (tov) is calculated as follows: tov{ms]=(255-N1)*0.08 NI=D7#2"-+D6*26+D5*25+ D4#24+D3*2+D2"22+D1#2+D0 TIMER 2: Timer 2 preset value ‘Timer 2 is an 8 bit preset counter. This counter is every 320,S, and /IRQ is generated when the counter overflows. TIMER 2 is the preset value. When overflow occurs, this value is auto- matically re-loaded into the counter. The time until /IRQ is generated (tov) is calculated as follows: tov{ms}=(255-N1)*0.32 NI=D7#2"+D6*26+D5*2°+D4*21+D3*2°+D2"2°+D1#2+D0 RST (IRQ RESET): _/IRQ reset Reset the /IRQ signal generated by timers 1 and 2. RS’ 1 sets /IRQ="H’, MT (MASK TIMER}): If MT! ‘Timer 1 mask "V',/IRQ is not generated when timer 1 overflows. MT2 (MASK TIMER2) If MT: imer 2 mask ‘1, /IRQ is not generated when timer 2 overflows. STI (START TIMER): Timer 1 control When ST1='1', timer 1 loads the preset value and starts counting. If ST] ' timer 1 is stopped. ST2 (START TIMER): Timer 2 control When ST2='1', timer 2 loads the preset value and starts counting. If ST2="0’, timer 2 is stopped. NTS (NOTE SEL): Keyboard split selection Selects the keyboard split method to determine the key scale number.YMF262 YAMA When NTS: a PNuMBERMGS =» [J ff =p rxumpen nd —[o[a[o[ate[ife[+lo]ajo]i |i |o[a When NTS=1 BLOCK Baa A 7 raumsen wes [ols }o[ato[itel+pe[ajepa of sooner ase Ce ia a afroalnea lions KeraedeNo. oli [a [stelefelr tote fofn}afapeis Don’t care AM (AMPLITUDE MODULATION): Tremolo on/off ‘Turns tremolo on for the corresponding slot when AM='1" The repetition rate is 3.7 Hz, and the depth is controlled by DAM. VIB (VIBRATO): Vibrato on/off Ei ‘Turns vibrato on for the corresponding slot when VIB="1 the depth is controlled by DVB. ‘The repetition rate is 6.1 Hz and T (ENVELOPE TYPE): Select sustain/decay EGT- EGT: ‘1’ selects sustained sound, and maintains the SUSTAIN LEVEL while KON is 1. " selects decay, and the RELEASE RATE takes effect even if KON is maintained at 1 oe ey OFF SS leron key onYAMAGA YMF262 KSR (KEY SCALE RAT! Select key scale RA’ With normal musical instruments, the attack/decay rate becomes faster as the pitch increases. ‘The key scale RATE controls simulation of this effect. An offset is added to the individual ATTACK, DECAY and RELEASE rates as follows: Actual rate=Rate value*4+Rof Rof is set as follows depending on the KSR setting: Key scale No. 1f2]s[4[s[6][7]8]°]]1|e)wluis Rot [SSR=O ° ata 1 2lels[slala KSR=1 1 34 [6 [e]7 [89 fio fir fiz fas fas [a5 MULT (MULTIPLE): Frequency data multiplier Sets the multiplier for the frequency data specified by BLOCK and F-NUMBER. This multi- plier is applied to the FM carrier and modulation frequencies. MULT ols [2]7s[4[s5]¢|7|s8]*]A|B]c|Dl|E|F Multiplier [12] 1 [2] 3 [a {s [6] 7[s[9 |10[ 10] 12 |i] is| a5 KSL (KEY SCALE LEVEI Key scale level selection ‘With musical instruments, volume decreases as pitch increases. LEVEL key scale values are used to simulate this effect: KSL 0 2 1 3 Attenuation 0 15dBloct_ | 8dBloct | 6dB/oct TL(TOTAL LEVEL): Modulation, volume setting Attenuation is performed according to the envelope generator output. The modulation or volume is controlled. Attenuati = 24*D5+12*D4+6*D3+3*D2+1.5*D1+0.75*D0 (dB) AR (ATTACK RATE): Attack rate setting Attack rate=2°*D7+2"D6+2*D5+D4 DR (DECAY RATE): Decay rate setting Decay rate=2*D3+22*D2+2*D1+D0 10YMF262 YAMAGA SL (SUSTAIN LEVEL): Sustained level setting Sustain level=24*D7+12#D6+6*D5+3*D4 When D7=D6=D5=D4=1, level=93dB RR (RELEASE RATE): Release rate setting Release rate=2°*D3+2*D2+2*D1+D0 FNUM (F-NUMBER) Scale data within the octave Gives pitch data along with BLOCK data, F-NUMBER=f*210/f6/28L0CK1 (f: frequency; fs: sampling frequency; fs=fM/288) KON (KEY-ON): _/Sound generation ON/OFF If KON='1', the channel generates sound. BLOCK: Octave data Generates octave data with F-NUMBER data. DAM (AMPLITUDE MODULATION DEPTH): Select amplitude modulation depth When DAM='1', 4.84B. When DAM="0', 148. DVB (VIBRATO DEPTH): When DVI ect vibrato depth "14 percent. When DVB: 7 percent. RYT (RHYTHM MODE): Select rhythm sound mode Channels 7-9 are used for rhythm sounds when RYT= BD (BASS DRUM), SD (SNARE DRUM), TOM (TOM TOM), TC(TOP CYMBAL), HH (HI-HAT): ON/OFF Sound output on/off switch for each sound. When any of these is set to 1, the corresponding sound is generated, Rhythm Sound | Slot Used 13, 16 17 15 18 “ HI-HAT nuVAMARA YMF262 FB (FEED BACK): Modulation depth for slot 1 FM feed back FB 0 1 2 3 4 Modulation oO | ene faa ereiaes |e = 2 | an OPL: OPL2 Operation selection If NEW='1, OPLS operation is selected and data is written when A1= 11’. To use OPL3 func- tions, write NEW="1" during initialization. CNT (CONNECTION): Operator connection ‘Two-operator mode uses the following connection: cxT="0 exT="1 —O-] oF ope feo our pe ft ope In four-operator mode, both CNT bits are used to specify the connection: Channel No. (four-operator} | __1 2 | 3] 4 5 6 CNT Address Co, ¢3 | ci, C4 | C2, 05 | Co, c8 | C1, C4 | C2, C5 AL Le H ‘The connection is as follows: 12YMF262 VAMATIA ENT(Ca) = "0", CNT(Ca+3) = "0 (dae PF ope oP3 ops four Pa pl Pa 0°, CNT(Cn43) = pa Ph oops ore ENTICH) = "1", CNT(CH +3) £2} op, ro os | ore O—— ovr Pa od ENT (Ca) = + NTH n+)YAMAWA YMF262 WS (WAVE SELEt "T),_ Select waveform Select the waveform used for carrier and modulation, CHA (CHANNEL A), CHB (CHANNEL B), CHC (CHANNEL ), CHD (CHANNEL D):_ Select put When any of these bits is set to 1, data is output to the corresponding channel. CHA and CHB are output from the DOAB pin, and CHC and CHD are output from the DOCD pin. CONNECTION SEL: Four-operator mode CONNECTION SEL DS ps | b2 | Di | bo | Four operator channel 6 4 3 2 1 ‘Two-operator channels used 215 [14 [ots | 36 | 25 | 14 14YMF262 VAMAGIA (2) Status Bit D1 [D6 | D5 [D4] D3] D2 [D1] Do Status irq/rri|r2) FTI (FLAG TIMERI): Timer overflow flag ‘This flag is set to 1 when timer 1 overflow occurs. ‘This flag is not reset unless RST is written. FT2 (FLAG TIMER2): Timer 2 overflow flag ‘This flag is set to 1 when timer 2 overflow occurs. ‘This flag is not reset unless RST is written, IRQ (INTERRUPT REQUEST): Interrupt request Set to 1 if FTI or FT2 is set. This flag is not reset unless RST is written. 15YAMAGA YMF262 = YMF262 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1, Absolute Maximum Ratings Tem ‘Symbol Rating [Unit Power supply voltage Von 03-70 7 Input voltage vi =0.3-Von+0.5 jov Operating temperature Top | 0-70 °c Storage temperature Tae | =50~125 °c 2. Recommended Operating Conditions Tem | Symbol [Minimum] ‘Typical [Maximum] Unit Power supply voltage von | 475 | 500 | 525 Vv Operating temperature Top o 25 70 °c 3. DC Chateristies (Conditior 70°C, Vop=5.020.25 V) Ttem Conditions Min. [ Typ. | Max. Power consumption ‘Vpp=5.0V 50 = __ | f=14.32MHe _ | Input highlevel voltage 1 vin | 22 v Input lowlevel voltage 2 vi | 08 v Input highlevel voltage 2 vine | *2 as v Input lowlevel voltage 2 2 10 v Input leakage current Vi=0~5V, *3 = 10 10 HA Input capacity : 10 pe ‘Output highlevel voltage Vou | Tou=—80,A von — 1.9] v Output lowlevel voltage Vou _| fo.=20mA 04 v Output capacity Co = 10 pF Output leakage current. | ‘to | Vis0~5V, 4 =10 io HA Pull up registance Ru 80 _ 400 | ka Note) *1: Applied to WR, IRD, (CS, AO, Al, DO~DT (when used as input pins) *2: Applied to oM, /IC *3: Applied to 6M, WR, RD, AO, Al, DO~D7 (When used as input pins) “4: When DO~D7 are in high impedance 16YMF262 YAMARA 4. AC Characteristies (Conditions; Ta=0~70°C, Vop=5.0+0.25 V) Tem ‘Symbol Min. [Typ | Max. [Unit “Master clock frequency tw | Fig Aa 10 1432 16 MHz Master clock duty D 40 | 50 60 % Reset pulse width tiow | Fig A2 00! 2 8 ‘Address setup time tas [Fig A3.4 10 ns Address hold time tan | Fig AS, 4 10 as Chip select write width tesw | Fig AS 100 ns Chip select read width | tesr_| Fig At 150 as Write pulse width tww | Fig AS 100 as Write data setup time twos | Fig a3 10 ns Write data hold time twon | Fig A. 20 ns Read pulse width taw | Fig Aa 150 ns Read data access time tace | Fig At 150 ns Read data hold time teon_| Fig A 10 ns 1: Master clock eyele 5. Timing Diagram (1) Input clock timing (2) Reset pulse aM 7YAMAGA YMF262 (3) Address/Data write ti ‘ing es A won os Yi Note: tesw, tww, and twoH are based on either CS or WR being driven to high level (A) Status read timing Note: tace is based on whichever of CS or RD goes to the low level last. tesw, tww, and twott are based on Pry either CS or WR bo~o7 GR fring drive to heh ae level. 18YMF262 = DIMENSIONS © YMF262-M —=-8.40+0.20 P1.27TyP a —++-0.40+0.10 11,800.40 YAMARA* YMF262-5 YAMARIA | 470.10 -0.1 (STAND OFF) f#—8.00 0.40 — 7.00 36 37 —_,——+} YMF262 030 a: T 4 4 -—7.00*0.30 —9.00+ 0.40. P-0.S0TYP 01.0) 0-108 Ll [aay FOAM __} “he -7OMaX. OY Ftd 8) FMS 50.15+0.05 (LEAD THICKNESS) AGENCY 3 £18(0R)0.125+ 0.05 } 050-020 ‘The specifications of this product are subject to improvement changes without prior notice, YAMAHA CORPORATION — Aadess inquiries: ‘Semi-conductor Sales Department IBiesd Orfiee 203, Matsnokim. Toyooks mur, ina un, Shunk ken 3801 lectonieEqupmen busines section ‘TeOSHRADOIN Pax 053962 5054 2s, Tokannes, Minato ks, Tokyo. ids Teoh sate-san, Fay 03-5488 $088 55125, Mim Sena, Chunk (ua Cy, Osaka 812 Shinai Pas Bde 4 Fel Or 282-7080. Fan 06252-5615 YAMAHA Systems Techlogy Too Contry Center Cour, Sat Joe, CA9S112 Pax aa.) ‘mosh Office USA. Offe ‘re. atheagr2300 ‘COPYING PRORIITED © 1968 YAMAHA CORPORATION OM Se Pad