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    23 views106 pages

    Exercitii Si Probleme de Algebra Liniara

    Uploaded by

    Florin Vlad

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Probleme cuprnse nsceastculegere ested lt nofiile de Bast le Algebr ini i le Geometrii ana i difrenfale Ele sunt meni ot ‘consul njlegerea mai pfu acer rau ale males, {a fur, probleme reaolvate sunt dle grat, pomind de i exe ‘mai simple In probleme mai dificil, iar robemsle prope su cap! Snilare ca cele reztvte, Tocma in scet mati ee eonsuie un pile det sprofinds nofmile teoredce dela curs, presume i do's exer alee erate: Lcrres se adessot cu prosidee stxdeailor din anal Inti din facuile dininsintle politic, pec utr eco nen Referent tipi: Pro. Gheorghe BABESCU [Deverierea CIP a ‘SURATON, ADINA |.___Exercifi si probleme de alge lines, geomseti fanatics si iferenils 7 asitanivc, Aine luton, lsistumiv.d. Olivia Bando. Ed. 2 rey. «"Tiogoas ir Potieiics, 2012, i Biiog: ISBN 978.606.54-549.6 ec Nationale a Romi 1 Bundi, Ova ‘Adina JURATONT Olivia BUNDAU EXERCITII SI PROBLEME DE ALGEBRA LINIARA GEOMETRIE ANALITICA SI DIFERENTIALA (Colca *STUDENT* EDITURA POLITEHNICA ‘TIMISOARA - 2012 Copyright © KatturaPoltehnia, 2012 ‘Toate dreprul sont reanevae edt. Nii opt in aeast cae poste 4 rprodust,steatt sap trasmsh prin inifernt ce form fd ued realabil srs l Edita Politehnica, EDITURA POLITEHNICA Bé, Republic m9 300159 Timigoara, Romain ‘Tea 0256/403.625, ‘Constr eitorik Protein, Sabin ]ONEL, ‘Redactor: Claudia MIBAL! Bun de ianpriat 24,1201 Coll de ipa 135, czu.31 ISBN 978-506-554.540-6 ‘Tipu execu sab comands. 74 |aTipogalla Universi Polteniea™ dn Tinigoar, Prefati Esl ntgrant latina ar eatin In progam de pope star ngie, lgbra sar gf enmeti ana 3 een su n- ‘paasble pete haga anetinilr msomatie ale vita epci. Matra ate stuctrat in op apt, prime patra ceupedise de roMeaticn alge are ic wrmitstle de geomet ulti sen: in. (Chitra agen exastlcleg de probleme, expan cu ge ia de fay, sufconteproblane reste sete init fandament tacrele pe eare 2 sori oli Be evident. Pare eaitoleuprnde, st robene recta, ct gl probleme propuse. Precis rapunsun Ia msonatis oblemalorpropuse ee llaatora poset de contol asp ea ‘Acca culegure de pach, oe adeeesh in principal, stdenilor din Savalas lit de la Faulaten de Constroci din ‘adr Universiti "Poltedhnin” din Tigeara. Desig, pont inti re ot el interes de apt dong! gorati preaaate h ‘Tigre, octmbae 2012 Actor Cuprins 1 Spat wectoriale, Base. Subspatitvectorale, LL Syl yore Bae 1LL1 Probie relate 112 Probleme prope 12. Sabepai sae 121 Probleme senate. 122. Probleme prope 2 Aplicaifnlare po spat vectorisle 21 Aplci tne. Noclenmagon, DAL Probie reachte 212 Probleme propuse 22 Disgonlzite rsormisor ore 221. Probleme eshte 222 Problime propa 2 Rorme btiniare, Forme pitratee 31 Fone bine LL Probleme rzoknte BEBERooe as@ aaaeeee 412 Probleme prope 32 Pare peace 321 Probleme uate 322 Problome popu Spat vectorial enciene 41 Spat eudldine Prods cla, nem stn, ung 411 Probleme nackte 4.12 Probleme pope 442 Bios orcaonmate 421. Probleme eshte 422 Problane pope DDroapta st plana i spatia S52 Drea plan in satis 1 Probleme emake 5:12 Probleme prope 52 Probleme de dans ogi 21 Probleme nacate 522 Prblane popu : lors, Cuadeice 81. Skea grea in spa 1 Probleme acts 6.12 Probleme pope 82 Cundiee 6:21 Probleme rants 6:22 Probleme pope ur ut ww Ro ua 11 a 10 1a 83 Generates suprafeelar 831 Peotone chats 532 Probleme propuse 7 Blemente de geometra diterentisl a cusbelor TA Cube plane 111 Probie rzckate 112 Problame propase 12. Curbem pata 721 Problaae rants 122 Probleme propa ® Blemente de goometsa diforentill «suprafefolor 81. Supraioe. Repeats. Plan tangent. Normal BLL Probleme nate 812 Problome propuse 82. Pring» dus lord andamentall ne uprlee 821 Prblamoresahate 8222 Probleme propuse Bibtiograe, 64 166 m a 1 1 mm 195 1s B88R8 Capitolul 1 Spatii vectoriale. Baze. Subspatii vectoriale. 11 Spatii vectoriale. Baze. 1.1.1 Probleme rézolvate LAL. Pema WOR AR x Re (P= (ation RITA) (im dare pa FDS (a tne gota toh) OR, VETER Seman ou sel pie °F = (01, 00,-0%) ER, EER" Va ER 10 Bees problae dale ata pom niet ett ‘Sse arate ok (RY, +) ote un ep veces pest corp R. Sofie. Se wesc ore (Bate grup comutti,adick persis "4 eta seoltv, comtatv, linen nei exe Dw (00,0), puso LE ERY ante = (23-24 oj) ER ‘in continuare om vein oeare a 5 € BY orice a a, 9ER, operas extra ".* saifceuritarl me 018-8) =a. (8e,B0r.B2n) = (88 tee 8 a (oA A)-® = (0+ Aes (048) (0+ Bey) (e584) + (BB fe) = (0-8) 4 (Bh 8) (EH) = ole tanset terse t (oles -bie) ales + usb +4)) (or, Famesy bam. ets bm) (er a2y 034) (om 0.045) = (0-3) +(0-Th |b) 1-3 (2439,t9) 2, nde 1 ase lament alate da R Dos (4 ete un spt etait pste coral R 1.1.2, Shoal care din write sata de vest nt ine dene esi sau independent sin cas de dependents, determina depends Tie. 1) f= (01 = (12, -8).e0= (1 e9= (2) CR, i (1,0)%= (1,-2.6 4-1) CR, 1) Ly = fo = (2.4, 8,2}00= 1,240, Doone (1,-8.0) RS, Wo (4 42K y= Ey aE HTC RA Le = (01 = 8X40 = 2: = ONE BHC Balt Sole 1) Mtoe 1) olen deta wore nin indpandonl (= spectiv dependent). Plea, .09 € Rou ont + xt + nhs = 0. Ob ‘sete ine onngen Deosreerngul matric! soit stm mugen ste 2, eau ite sie ale oul fr de cole bana, del be eat un stem de veo tutes dependent. Petru determina pendent ni, deter 0 2a, -+a:-+ 4a =0 unde anon suit sesunocate principal, ay < BE necuszateecndack Obtinem oy = a3, 09 = Boy, dc © ree de depanden nian este (ad de ~~ 20+) =0. Motoda & isi citi prctic paren tua ar independ (respect dependent) una tem de ato din Re ‘estrtor ttt Rib ascask mats A on ae dept exes, aplari ordefien eco 12 Bee polome de alte ir, gmat na ea ack anglers A tse aga x num de eet abun vector sunt liner independent asi ang matval A cate det de mamizal de woctor, sans vecter ont iar dependent Clem rangul mates aleuth peealoene ca eoordonaale vector sistem Ly. Ave 1 rongd=rang | 2 Deosree rang matic A eso aft de mmarul vcore dn sta, Wal =, re sitemeter dopendent. 0 ela de dependent Nor a determin ca mas 5 Din ceri prac, sem rongA= rang lor muse ectoeor di fy ene 3, reat of rang = 3 = [Ls aor sistmul ete nar edependent, 1) Pie ag € 8, § = TB cx am ea sty 0, Matrins sol 2a 40-0) =0 ait ay ttos tay =0 12a ister ogo aA soe {aj ~309=0 30 ato 119 rangal eal eu 2. Rel steal adie gf lt ain alae de ohn aga des Zee un seem nie dependent Set vsti, Bas B 2a +05 = a 1 +205 = oy ple a5 € R mecunost senda, obfinem oy = 00, eile de dependent nr ote dash de 9 — m+ =0. Jv) Fi 05,04 &R asl tnt oy + ons + ony + 48 = Oy Seinocuiet Boar vector ol A)eo(ss)en GG demo)“ Ustinnd proprietiile mater ne obine itera nar emogen ia stem updo aja sunt nesonoscute pln ey dio ana 20) +502 2a +40) =0 Ha tartay tase 0 Deoarce rangul mati esoda sistema mogen ete “4 rang wAmrang| 2 as ° aa a a ‘ga ex umirul de necancsete, reel sister xe comptiil determina anita don stn bans, oy = ap = oy = =O. Resale Lente un Seam ine independent, 1) Bie ai.anay © Rane 90; 05 99 = Oni Se fnlocseyefeezevetr, (X84 2K) + 0X8 =X 41) oy -X2#2NX 42) Oa MBs protege nts, gone anak aia = exdonend up patente aX, (estan ~ ax) + (295 ~ ant 2a) 4 fon +295) = Ore { s obkine ster ar mores Deoaresrangul metros sols Setemu omnia ae 3, egal mcd ie necvoerate, etc stem ee compat etrmins i smite dae sli banal a) 03 = op w= Pein weave, Ly ete on sre do ota se ndependet i) Pe cysoniay © ail incStoy tasm +a3% © Ox etalon Bere vector en(8 + 0X ~2) +09 -2N2-4 3K 41) as(2K" = 9442) = Day se zdoneast dup pate aX, (lay ~ a+ 25914 + (By +809 — fay) X+ [~20y +09 -+03) =D se bine steal nor ogo Hoyo +29 0 {+3 = oy =0 toy taste 0 Deosrove rng mato ari sista mogen ete 2, df de aman de necanceul, reel sistema ete compa nadeterminat sade ‘cli sana. Spal trae. ane, 8 Arua cnt te ela tol nl ayaa ©, sole ita mon, ste into ont asts = Omi pel wana Ly te un ten erect nar doped. Pont a determin ein de dependent eterno cue nebals ‘titemuliomogen, Rangs mati stems este 2 gn determinant griae pal ete Oy lacie ia ay = exe Decuaemat ssedar iw ranv tem fa a euntievag tat “22 F [= W440: Neusosstale oo nt necunosete { Ae + = 4 totes = ta Fi solar stem omagen ete (20,20), R). Ludnd = 1, se 02 Oy = 2 elaine dependents clr te ecto cte (213, 5 stone dark wmftounde stm de vector sun tne do ‘wrap vcr precise: 01 (2,4,2)-05 (20,109 = (44,1) CR (= (10,2). = 20,4 = (18, FR 4) Se ied dct aie veto w= (x42) € Rae poate expe exo combina init vector din Fi 020m €B al net = 00 05-0 reat (5,342) = (04,2) +09(2,0,-1) + 06,41) ili propriety vector (3/8, +, 2 obine tema eae 2a, + Dont day = day to=y tamed | 10 Bee proba dsb nar, gwar nail eri Deoarcr des) = 0 $ext un minor de cnn eid de eo, ; a] ifpacmamnens ste 3 reli rang = 2 4 9» rangi pin wrmare sie ete noi iba Existv= (10,0) caremase poate pina. ccmbiae na ‘estar in, dc mu eet geraondonersc ncn vee poste exprima cu o combate lark ecto dn i) Se veil dad oes wet » = (9,2) € R? se pete exprima ca 0 ‘ombianie aor «vst la, Fre ayanay €R ste inc monte ty, tea (2042) = 01,02) +042,0,-1] +a(1,21) ‘Vutiindpropritilsptiul torial (R2/R, 4), ain sitemal no snogen no tanto aay 205-0409 2 Dene Sl £m elt mp emi and eon taney cer v= (xyz) & RP existe ay fk ‘ey Sa ay = y atte Sette tooo nel wer dea ieg pee | Soap etc. Basa, " 3401 Seconda star wet din RE AC Beto =(-1,20,0=0,29)00= (0,42). 1) Si arte ok B formes o bask in B 5) Si oe dotrmine cooronatal vctoat » = (2 csr bas, Sols.) Sista de vector Beste baa dak xe nr dependent item de genre Pew siudil liner independons se flee criteria practic pete ‘dl Inia ndependenel (rapectv dependents) ml sistem de vecar evi acest cl rangul mat! sett pe cola ex cordeaatele vector sistamul B 2) ele ta 110 aan oan Deowres rang mati 4 et pl ex mumfral veces din 8, en cb 2B eve un sistem lin independent, ncontinarese studs doc Dee stem de generator ach rc vitor = (2,42) € Re pute exrimacao combina ins vector ain B. Fle ay,0n 0 € Rated ncht v= a + ty + ay, eet rong = rong = (m2) = an-1,20) + 090,2,8) +200, Vilna proses patios veto (RYB-,-), se obine stern onegen 2a 4 2op berm oy-toy= = 18 Bese gl pobeme de lee as, gem nati rel Deoursie det(4) #0 recut citer ete compat deters fad ‘moda lal Cramer s Sse ule sterulul. Agar, pnt orc ear ve (sin) ERP extn oy = 242,09 = 264 y—2, 05 = 60-9442 ste ctv = a, y+ oreo Hea ute de gneatr etcu 4) Pentru v= (1,-1.2) nobfin ay = 2, — 3 a5 = —11, codon vinbosnB gly fn bass B sre v = 2 +3 ~ ttn Aeted. Aritai oh unteardeseteme de vector sunt tne geri mats ‘se de tees de abou easel ie ecare dn acs bon, pecum gmces eee de a bass By In as a oy = (8,1) = (02,109 = (2,-1.0), Bam (w= tetas 24 Uy Unty oe) Satie. Deore 2,85 conn wn mid vst egal cn densi subpafls RE, esuciont arti ok. B, Hy sunt sete ise indepen dene, Pee scossta om fel exter paci, a pin vcr din Cela dou tame in taza canoe 10-2 Ton={ a2}, Too “110 Be= (= (44-2. = (49.195 1 (a... (Cum dea, = -9 4 0, dtfasy = —26 4 0 rer ck reneTaa.=3 rangny See ea mumiel vector din By, eaves cl dus stone de vector aut lini independant pla wnaoe unt been, ‘Spl male. Bae » ‘Gum vector tans By sunt expat in fone de vector base) By tine direct matscn de eee de a, eB, anne 120 Tame] 1.1 o-11 4h cartes Taya, = Tas 80m Tha 1 APE) $i ae erate cE urmtenrl seme de vétor sunt baze In B2, sepectv BL], nde Si = for = (2.01) 08» (0,-1.0) 29 = (3, “DP CRE, Sy (0 2X8, 2X4 yay AFH) CRIA 1) Si we determine enordonstle vectra u = (1,68) in basa Sg cordon vector v = -2X7 +X ~2n ben Si Sot, 1) Deoaes 8S confn un nami de veto egal cu diene sbepsilal #2, repectiv RlX] eflet ak ara ob. si S) sunt ese Hine independent. Pentru S, vom fl eters race, dik stim, ‘atin ore caine rector din site pl cloane: 204 aslo a3 jot (Cum det Ay = 6 0, ren ck rngAind eal cu mum vector din dec ee un stam de vet ic dependent. Patra stall sstemul 5, vem fla desis. 20 i probleme dent inate als denial Fle ayaney € Rast net ae, +298 + 09k = Oey Selnloulse vest (2X? ~ 3X) +X 1) + (—27-4 4) = Gees ‘ ordonesrt dup patel Ii Xs obj tel nie emogen aoe =0 toy toy=0 oatdey=0 eoarerrengl tse asciat stenulal mogea ete 3, ol eu ual do meonocute, rei item eaten stem de vst liar indepen Pein urmare SS unt bao In B,rspectv RX). 1) Petr a determina conrdoatnle un ver intB vm fll dou eto: ‘ete 1. oles forms luo = Tasole, = Toate, lols = 7,0 respects Prin uaa w= dus + 9up +099 = — By ‘Melo 1 Exprimtm dest do etn respect ele dou bse 58; ropestiv 5. Fin ay, an 0 tespetiv Bi, BB coordoatle Iw rspectiy Spo vectra Bae, a 9 i, wepesiy Sy One amon siseme de eu Dotin=t2 — [ 28,-Aa 2 no Bere-8 | 384 =0 an Pet aya 2 = 1 rsp = =1, = Fle By = {(@,28}(-1, 1a), (4,0, 0) 9) Skee sate ck petra ace a €R, By fermesr o berks 5) Si se diteroe matae eter de eben By fa bse. Bs i) Deerminat bara B indo mations de wecze ban bana =. 210 BeteTaae | 3-21 o-11 |v) Determinaibsa BY pnd of mason de treae dela bass Ba baa 100 BreteTon=| 8-2 1 1a Sabie §) Eien arin essere de vet Ula indepen ent, Deoaroceditrminantal eso mati deter abuse canis late 8, ete 4a¢0 Pst oie € R ate yongTh.a, = Sete egal mami de vector din item est Bete un ssa ina ndopendet, dito Bain B ) Cate dout tse, esac By se obj id Yl nepativ 9s Ati wor Bre (= (2,3) = (1-12 = 10-1} 22g problene de ste ata, grossa anal Seni hahaa = (0,3), Matis de teers dea Be ste dll de ormsla Taya = Tas Tat, = Tal Tin bog) fra0) (yaa pad|feaol-lag a paras lesa} \aia 1) le on} vs bend BC mate den de a 210 231) sae oad By labesa B eta uy = Be 844 +009 = (7,3), Diem = (2.42), my =a -tan = (0-10) Iv) Baca By ee By = (by = (28)b = (1,-1.2) = (1 alt ors mati Ty, Aven vne(t ae Datei Spi cr, ae 2 ae 1p 1 3, = ti T= gE =(0 ap ye |=tow op 38 Prowaind ce hn rr ua = (hai gu (2m, 1.0 (88 1 Seon tele : MXR 2 XP 2K = aX? 8). ‘Shee devermin a € Rast $8 un Som ine dependent gh = xpi unl in yet aa de alt Sole St xe na pendent dick exit © combina ii ral 0. + 05 +05 = Once of covilni ut mal eh eo a+ Xa, ~ 2a) + (8, ~ ay) =. Acs condi conduc se iis omages ton =0 12a 0, fiy=0 ae eek adit al ithe xa tan decd oa. 120 yo -6 de unde reel c= —1. Peta acca al dn veto in 5 Fone Gesshti stein ole rela sama d mab super a= —1 Pests ay = 1 re 551, alos ty 20 A Bere pooner, game ataltcenald 1.1.9. 63 ge detenine mates de ier de a basa Ba {X 342,274,041) CRN] ‘banca B= {X°, 2,1} Ry] ye ere ooronatele vector {= 10%? 0 +1 aba 8 Sole. Deore matin de tre de la basa exnonck Bl basa B re-to ste Tag | 3 0 2 | rem of matrices detec de a bana Ba zai ‘bara csnelel', ate dat de avert i Ta, det ons ys apis Tap= Tes | 7) apis 3/13 sna sis gta ie 0,04 ovordoatlevrtoruls fia bace B. Aven TOK? = BX 1 = af = 342) + 8-749) 4918 4, de unde pin deticaren coccinea stoma e-p=10 Botte}, combjaa=6, at D487 =1 Prin omar f poate 8 une’ LOX? 8X 41 50944 9) 460K 4. base 9 se fons 1.1.10, Matus do tse de a ba 2 la been “HG Spt vari Bae s oi Tae | 12-2 baa Se determine basa Sei, Determinm ma iivetes matte Toy, Dest “3p ap Tro-Tiln=| 420 ae |, =o ip in duck noth ou uuu) veto baz, beam ay, a.( 2 werdutinndee| a], oe ° 1g Jae det 11.2 Probleme propuse 1.4.1, Fie V un epaiovstrial ral. Defnim pe ¥2= V x V otrucurt ‘comple ate una: (0,1) 09) = 05.495), Yt) (a) © VA, Inmuie cu ser: (4), = (04bye), Yo €C, 9) © "A, ‘Sarna eX V2 formosa un spain vot, mum complenifeaal hi ¥ 2 Be poblene, 1.2.12. Fle A o multe onowe nevi g V un spi vstra, Notim (lf A+ V} saline foetlor deft pe A cu valor in V ‘efam ele dou opera pi: le ind, rome anal dns (Fraley = se) 40a EA, Yee VA, Woe; (ofa) =a. ah; Woe A VS EVA Si se arate mules V4 forest on sais vectorial 4LALIS. Sie precio cre dn urmitaerelediteme e vector sot Unie sadependante 95,=(-12).03)) oR 8) 5, ={0,0,-2),(-2,0,(8.%-1) CB, £8) So {38 a 4-27 HAN = 15-7 AKL) CRA, ms=j[o].[ |.

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