o Matter is everything around

you
o Matter is anything made up of
atoms and molecules
o Anything that has mass and
takes up space.
 Atoms are pieces of matter
 You are made up of billions and
billions of atoms
 Atoms are the building blocks
 You need atoms to build molecules
 Molecules are atoms bonded
together
 Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
◦ Are also known as substances.

◦ Have a constant composition.

• Examples:
• H2O, O2 (no matter how they are
prepared, they will always have this
ratio of atoms)
 Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
◦ Elements contain only one single type
of atom (found on the Periodic Table of
Elements.)
◦ Simplest form of matter that has its
own unique set of properties.
◦ Cannot be separated by physical or
chemical changes.
Monatomic Diatomic
Element Element
 Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
◦ Two or more atoms that are CHEMICALLY
combined.
◦ Have their own unique properties that can differ
from the elements that make up that compound.

◦ Examples include:
 Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)
 Ammonia NH3

◦ Can be separated by a chemical change.

 Matter

Pure
Mixtures
Substances

Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Elements Compounds
Mixtures Mixtures
◦ Two or more substances that are
PHYSICALLY combined. (not bonded)

◦ Substances retain their own properties.

◦ Can be separated into components by

physical changes. (ex: filtering)
Particle
Diagram of
a Mixture
◦ An uneven mixture of particles
◦ Have visible differences

◦ Examples include:
 Sand and Water
 Oil and Water
 Salt & Pepper

◦ Are easily separated

by filtration.
◦ Have no visible differences until you reach the
atomic or molecular level.

◦ Also known as solutions

◦ Can be separated back into the pure

substances

◦ Examples include:
 Air
 Salt water
 Tap Water
 Metal Alloys (brass, sterling silver, or steel)
 Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of
particles so small they can not be seen
with a microscope

 The particles will never settle out to the

bottom

 Solutions stay mixed

 Solvent Solute

 The Solvent is the  The Solute is the part

part of the solution of the solution that
that does the gets dissolved
dissolving
 When a solid dissolves
 When a solid dissolves into a liquid the solid
into a liquid the liquid
is the solute
is the solvent
 In Salt water, the salt
 In salt water, the
water is the solvent is the solute
o Homogeneous

o medium-sized
particles

o particles don’t
settle

o EX: milk Colloid

o Heterogeneous

o large particles

o particles settle

o EX:fresh-squeezed
lemonade Yummy Lemonade or
Orange Juice with Pulp
o Light will scatter or o Particles in solution DO
bounce off of particles NOT pass the Tyndall
that are large enough Test
o The scattering of light o Colloids and particles in
by colloidal particles is suspension DO Pass the
the Tyndall Effect Tyndall test
o The Tyndall test is used
to distinguish between a
colloid from a solution

Do They or Don’t They

Tyndall Effect
pass the Tyndall Test???
Physical Properties Chemical Properties

 Color  pH (Acid or Base)

 Size  Reaction with oxygen
 Shape (flammability)
 Density  Reaction with water
 Melting Point  Reaction with metals
 Boiling Point

Physical Properties can be Chemical Properties tell

changed without changing you how a substance will
the identity of the react and undergo a
substances chemical change
 Physical Changes Chemical Changes

 Physical changes change  Chemical Changes are

a physical property reactions that form one or
more new substances

 The substance remains  Three common types of

the same substance
 Example: Cutting a
sandwich in half
changes are a change in
color, the production of gas
(fizzing) and a formation
of a precipitate(solid
separating from a liquid)

 Example: Rust on a bike

chain
 Change in color: What happens to a banana
over time?
 That is a which causes
the peel to turn colors
 What happens when you leave your bike out in
the rain for a long time?
 That is a
 A change in color is one indicator that a
chemical change has occurred and has produced
at least one new substance
 What happens when you add vinegar to
baking soda?
 This is because the baking soda is undergoing
a and producing a gas this
is why is bubbles
 When you bake a cake, a
takes place that causes the cake to rise because
of carbon dioxide (gas)expanding
 The Law of the Conservation of Mass is that
ALL matter present before a chemical change
EQUALS the mass of all the substances after
the change

 This is similar to another law that you learned

 Which one?
THE END!!!!