The Past Perfect

What do we mean by the Past Perfect?

!" # $%
+ )* ' (&' ..
,- . /0 1 , /0 2 3 4 $ 2
6 /, $% )5 ' &' .

9 : ;<= % '; > ?1 847 .

;<= @ %" ; > 1 % % ,- 2
; > 1 $% )5 A < . .
!# B C D 7 "% E 1 F = G
;H I ") ..

JI K1
How to form the Past Perfect

? 1 LHM N= O ") P 2 !$Q 1" $ R ; 0< % S M

Has/have+V-past participle

T I ;U ;H I ;H M V$.W F = % S M E G :

Had+ V-past participle

 > 2 had M: > ;7 7 ;H I /, .

% > G had X 7 <2 V Y O & R ")Z

She-he-it-you-they-we-I
LH I $ W ; > & W A D7 1 EG:

; B T IW
I had eaten the apple before I went to school yesterday.

6 A< . ?' , - V2 % 3 4 $
;<= @ %" $% 6 $% 7 - ; > 1 $% D : -
. > )5 ;H M V$. )5 - A !" - 2
6
O.K

A D7 = 1; B , - ; 1 != O 9 V2 ;[ 4
U 6 ; B \"-W ] S I ^ .
; B V2 /0> ; B D4) $0> O ?'$ I V 3 4 ? "- 2
_ X Q V2 ; 7 : \$` F = 6 ;H M 4M %.

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When to use the Past Perfect ?
<2 $% (K 1 7 = b` > = . G)
+ )* ' (&' ..
,- . /0 1 , /0 2 3 4 $ 2
6 !" ( )5 - d$R != O 9 c )5 ' &' )
 ; B D4) $0> O . V %e.

; 7 /Examples

My Parents had already eaten by the time I got home.

D# a 2 L ] O !" ?'$ $W ! 1 U

D : - 2: <2 % 41 ' ! V.

7 - :6 <2 % D# !=$O .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

I had finished my work before the captin came.

. X B ' ?0 U.

D : - 2: <2 % ?0 .

7 - :6 <2 % . X B .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

He had never seen a cigarette before.

' f= B $% % ` / .

D : - 2: <2 % f= B %` / L .

7 - :; B D4) O $0> $% 2 =$1" S.

\ "- 6 V$. V g > !" )5 - 2

 ; B h < L$ O 0 ' U ; B %.

He had already heard the story.

$ ;IU & < U .

D : - 2: <2 % ;IU & < L .

7 - :; B D4) O $0> $% 2 =$1" S.

\ "- 6 V$. V g > !" )5 - 2

; B h < L$ O 0 ' U ; B %.

He had called the doctor when I got there.

i %?M E b a <2 ' V 1 U .

D : - 2: <2 % E b a <2 L .

7 - :6 <2 % i % / . D$M .

V %e 1 , - V %3 4 $ .

;- ; 7 : V$.W V a W .

I $ . 6 B E. ; b' ! ; 1 d= $
6 ' ? ' X Q 1 a 2 ; bU d < WV
; - j"% 2.