Experimental Study of Contaminated Airfoil With Fowler Flap - PDF - Airfoil - Lift (Force)

2/26/22, 10:43 AM Experimental Study of Contaminated Airfoil With Fowler Flap | PDF | Airfoil | Lift (Force)
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Experimental Study of Contaminated Airfoil

With Fowler Flap
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: aerodynamics, ice accretion, icing )

The Subtle Art of HONDA1 Shoe Dog: A Addendum Never Split the F1 Season 20
the study was the fact that available stud
Not Giving a F*c… Memoir by the… February 2017 Difference:… Aerodynamic
supported the conclusion that the sensitivity
Aerodynamic characteristics of a low-speed
airfoils could strongly depend on th
airfoil section with Fowler flap were studied in
geometric shape and there was a lack
the low-speed wind tunnel. Consequences of
available information for new advanced airf
different kinds of contamination of airfoil were
similar to the studied case.
examined – insect contamination, leading-edge
ice accretions and ice accretion caused by
supercooled large droplets.
cD drag coefficient
cL lift coefficient
cm moment coefficient
A phenomenon of shape deformation and then
c p pressure coefficient
performance deterioration of an airfoil section
α angle of attack
caused by the flight in natural conditions is
αCLMAX „stall“ angle of attack
known from the beginning of the applied
aviation. Ice accretion, insect contamination etc.
and their different aspects have been observed,
examined and evaluated for decades. The An influence of the shape deformation
obvious importance for aircraft operations leading edge area on aerodyna
causes that the phenomenon and its characteristics could be important for all fli
consequences for aerodynamic performance regimes. As the contemporary advanced airf
have been continually studied. are developed for maximum efficiency
Thousands studies concerning the formation of specific regimes, they could, as the conseque
ice accretions and their influence on of “pushed” efficiency, be also very sensitiv
aerodynamic characteristics of an airfoil section shape accuracy. The extreme shape deformat
were carried out. The exhaustive studies of the that can occur as a consequence of extrem
ice accretion are for example [1] or [2] and adverse weather conditions has been long-te
many others, in the field of ice accretions studied, but in standard flight operations m
caused by large supercooled droplets for shape deformation by insect contaminat
example [3], [4], [5]. The VZLU institute during everyday operations is much m
performed the experimental studies with common. In the presented paper,
simulated ice accretions in wind tunnel, for consequences of the both kinds
example [6]. This study is focused on the contamination on aerodynamic performance
performance degradation of an advanced low– an airfoil with Fowler flap were studied. T
speed airfoil section with Fowler flap caused by examinations were carried out for the cruise,
insect contamination, by leading–edge ice take-off and the landing flap position. T
accretion and by ice accretions caused by configurations with ice accretion on flap lead
supercooled large droplets. The reasoning for
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


Z. PÁTEK, M. ZABLOU
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
edge are often omitted in evaluation, so the
attention was paid to them. The ice accretions
were simulated both on the leading edge of the
main airfoil and on the leading edge of the flap
or on the flap only.
The examined airfoil was designed for low–
speed general aviation aircraft, its relative Fig. 1c. Leading-edge ice accretion, land 
thickness was of 16 %. The Fowler flap chord configuration
was 30 % of the airfoil section chord. The take–
off setting of the flap was with 18 degrees The ice accretion created by the supercoo
The Subtle Art of HONDA1
deflection, the landing Shoe Dog: A
setting with 33 degrees large droplets was
Addendum shaped
Never Split according
the F1toSeason
the F 20
Not Giving adeflection.
F*c… Memoir by the… recommendations
February 2017 as an accretion Aerodynamic
Difference:… of forwa
The insect contamination was simulated by facing quadrantal cross-section. The height
means of small bulges of plastic deposited on the accretion was 2.25 % of the airfoil cho
the leading edge. The bulge dimensions and the The leading edge of the accretion w
density of bulges per meter corresponded to the positioned at 15 % of the airfoil chord where
typical summer insect contamination in the typical de-icing device is supposed to be
Central Europe. The density of bulges was 25 longer efficient (Fig.2).
per meter and the height of the bulgeYou're
was 2 Reading
mm. a Preview
The shape and position of leading-edge ice
accretion were determined byUpload your documents to download.
special-purpose
software developed by Hoření [7]. The software
computed development sequence of OR
“conventional” ice accretions, their comparisons
with experimental results showed a very good
Become a Scribd member for full access.
correspondence. The ice accretion formations
Your
0.15c
were established both on the main airfoilfirst
and30
ondays are free. c
the flap, for the cruise, the take–off and the
landing configurations at relevant characteristic
Continue for
angles of attack. The shapes of the accretions Free
Fig. 2. Supercooled large droplets ice accretio
are in Fig. 1.
4 Model and wind-tunnel
The model (Fig. 3) was in the form o
rectangular wing of 0.6 m chord and 1.2 m s
with the circular endplates of 1.08 m diame
The ice accretion models were produced
Fig. 1a. Leading-edge ice accretion, cruise
shaped plastic ledges bonded at the appropr
configuration
positions on the airfoil model.
The tests were performed in a low-speed w
tunnel at VZLU, Aeronautical Research
Test Institute in Prague. The wind tunnel u
was an atmospheric type with open test sect
of 3 meters diameter. The intensity
turbulence in the test section was 0.3 %,
irregularities in the velocity are 0.2 %. T
Fig. 1b. Leading-edge ice accretion, take-off
wind-tunnel mechanical balance in the thr
configuration
component mode was used for the forces
moments measurements. The uncertainties of
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CONTAMINATED AIRFOIL WITH FOWLER FLA
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were ± 0.01, of C D ± 0.000 1 and of C M ± 0.001. well as the value of αCLMAX angle and the d
The pressure distribution measurement was with coefficient. Increment in cD reached the ex
the uncertainty of c p ± 0.01 that could be important for the efficiency
operation economic.
5 Wind-Tunnel Testing
2
The wind–tunnel tests were performed for the
cruise, the take–off and the landing 1.5

configurations. The insect contamination was ]
1
1
[
positioned on the leading edge of the main L
C 0.5
airfoil. The leading edge ice accretion was
positioned both on the leading edge of the main 0
airfoil and of the flap or on the leading edge of -0.5
the flap only (this case was tested as the de- -5 0 5 10 15 20
icing devices are commonly positioned on the [ ° ] a
leading edge of the main airfoil only). The Clean airfoil Ice on L. E. Insect on L.E. Ice ridg
accretion due to the supercooled large droplets Fig. 3a. Lift curves for cruise configuration
was positioned on the upper surface at 15 % of
the airfoil chord. For all testing You're
cases,Reading
the a Preview 2
forces, moments and pressure distributions were
1.5
measured.
Upload your documents ] to download.
The following matrix contains all tested cases. 1
1
[
C, T-O and L mean the cruise, the take-off and L
the landing configurations respectively, Ma and OR

C 0.5
Fl mean the main airfoil and the flap 0
Become a Scribd
respectively, Is, Icl and Ics mean the insect member for full
-0.5
access. Your
first 30 days are free.
contamination, the leading-edge ice accretion 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
and the supercooled droplets ice accretion CD [ 1 ]
respectively. Clean airfoil Ice on L.E. Insect on L.E. Ice ridge

C T-O L Continue for Fig. Free3b. Polars for cruise configuration
Ma only Ics Ics Ics
0
Fl only Ic Ic Ic
Ma + Fl Is, Icl, Ics Is, Icl, Ics Is, Icl, Ics ] -0.05
1
[
m
C
Reynolds number of all tests was 1.65·106, -0.1
Mach number 0.15.

-0.15
-5 0 5 10 15 20
a [ ° ]
6 Results Clean airfoil Ice on L.E. Insect on L.E. Ice ridge
Fig. 3c. Moment curves for cruise configurati
6.1 Cruise
The leading-edge ice accretion deteriorated
The results for cL, cD and cm in the cruise aerodynamic characteristics as anticipated
configuration are presented in Fig. 3. It is means to the extent that could influence
visible that the mild insect roughness only efficiency but also safety of flight. T
deteriorated the maximum lift coefficient as maximum lift coefficient decreased from 1.64
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2/26/22, 10:43 AM Experimental Study of Contaminated Airfoil With Fowler Flap | PDF | Airfoil | Lift (Force)

Search Read free for 30 days