ICEM Surf 4.4.0 Iges

ICEM IGES Translator
Reference Manual
April 2004
© ICEM Ltd. 2004

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Contents
Contents
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Translating from IGES to ICEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.1 Processing IGES Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1 Translating the IGES Drawing Entity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Translating Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.3 Translating Drafting Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.1.4 Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Mapping IGES Entities to ICEM Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 Translating from ICEM to IGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.1 Processing DDN PART Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 DDN PART Release Revision Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Generating Header Information in the IGES File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4 Translating ICEM Part Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.5 Translating ICEM View Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6 Translating Dormant Entities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.7 ICEM Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.8 Mapping ICEM Entities to IGES Entities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4 Executing the IGES Translator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.1 IGES Translator and License File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2 Executing ICEM IGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3 ICEM IGES Command and Program Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.4 Multiple Translation Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.5 ICEM IGES Command Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.6 Executing the Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.7 Executing the Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.8 Useful Steps before and after a Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.8.1 Useful Steps for Executing the Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.8.2 Useful Steps for Executing the Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.9 Translator Execution with Shell Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4
Contents
5 IGES Directives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.1 Format of Directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.2 Dependent Entities and Directive Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.3 Selectable Verbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.4 Selectable Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.5 Selectable Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.6 Selectable Subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.7 Directive Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.7.1 $$ Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.7.2 *AV Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5.7.3 *BEGINAND Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.7.4 *CONVERT Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.7.4.1 *CONVERT, CHARACTER Directive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.7.4.2 *CONVERT Directive File Examples: IGES “%%” Characters . . . . . . . . 45
5.7.4.3 *CONVERT, CHARACTER=PROPORTIONAL Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.7.4.4 *CONVERT, NAME Directive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.7.4.5 *CONVERT Directives Relating to NURBS (B-spline) Geometry . . . . . . 48
5.7.4.6 *CONVERT, WILSON_FOWLER_SPLINE Directive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.7.4.7 *CONVERT, ASSOCIATIVITY Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.7.4.8 *CONVERT,COMPOSITE_CURVE Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.7.4.9 *CONVERT,COPIOUS_DATA_FORM_123 Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.7.5 *DEBUG Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.7.6 *DEFINE Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.7.6.1 *DEFINE,LEVEL Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7.6.2 *DEFINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.7.6.3 *DEFINE,TOLERANCE and *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE Directives . 52
5.7.6.4 *DEFINE,IGES_TRIMMED_SURFACES Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.7.6.5 *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.7.6.6 *DEFINE Directive Options for Postprocessing NURBS Geometry . . . . . 53
5.7.6.7 *DEFINE Values Created on ASCII Part File as Part Variables . . . . . . . 54
5.7.7 *DS Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.7.8 *ENDAND Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.7.9 *ENDSTS Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.7.10 *EXCLUDE (*SKIP) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.7.11 *IDENTIFY Directive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.7.12 *INCLUDE (*SELECT) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.7.13 *SCALE Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.7.14 *SELECT (*INCLUDE) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.7.15 *SETSTS Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5
Contents
5.7.16 *SKIP (*EXCLUDE) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 Translator Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.1 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.2 Directive Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.3 Directive Error and Warning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
7 Extended Entity Mapping Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

7.1 Transfer from IGES to ICEM ASCII Part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
7.2 Transfer from IGES to ICEM Surf DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.3 Transfer from ICEM ASCII Part to IGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.4 Transfer from ICEM Surf DB to IGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
6
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1 IGES Entities Translated to ICEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Table 2 ICEM Entities Translated to IGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Table 3 Error Codes for Batch Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 4 Selectable Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Table 5 Selectable Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Table 6 Selectable Subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 7 B2 (IGES) Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Table 8 G1 (IGES) subSet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 9 G2 (IGES) Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table 10 G3 (IGES) Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Table 11 B2 (ICEM) Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 12 G1 (ICEM) Subset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Table 15 Error, Information, and Warning Messages (Sorted by Error ID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Table 16 Directive Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Table 17 Directive Warning Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
The Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) establishes national, industry-wide standards for the
exchange of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) graphics data. These
specifications are maintained by the U.S. Product Data Association for ANSI, and are established by the
computer industry. The purpose of IGES is to transfer product definition data (such as drawings) between
different CAD/CAM systems.
IGES specifies a file structure format, language format, and means for representing geometrical, topologi-
cal, and nongeometric product data in these formats. The specification defines a system-independent for-
mat with standardized features and protocols for data exchange.
The fundamental unit of information in the file is an entity. An IGES file treats the product definition as a col-
lection of entities. Each IGES entity is represented in a neutral format, and corresponds to the same entity
in the native format of the source CAD/CAM system.
An entity can be geometric or nongeometric:
• Geometric entities represent the definition of the physical shape of the object. They include points,
curves, surfaces, and relations (collections of similarly structured entities).
• Nongeometric entities include the viewing perspective for the drawing notes, dimensions, properties (for
example, color), and groupings of entities.
The standard assigns a type number to each type of entity. Some entity types include a form number for
subclassifications.
The VDA/VDMA have defined IGES subsets (VDAIS), in order to be able to conduct CAD data exchange of
2-D and 3-D geometry and dimensioning in a simple way without losses. In addition, subsets are defined to
exchange free form geometry and trimmed surfaces on the base of B-splines.
The U.S. CALS (Computer-aided Acquisition and Logistic Support) standard based on the MIL-D-28000
definitions divides IGES entity types into classes.
8
2 Translating from IGES to ICEM
2 Translating from IGES to ICEM
The IGES postprocessor translates IGES data into DDN PART data. The IGES postprocessor reads ver-
sion 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0/5.1/5.2/5.3 IGES files.
2.1 Processing IGES Information
IGES files consist of three sections that contain information of major importance to the IGES postproces-
sor:
1. IGES Global Section contains system information associated with the IGES file, such as the name of the
sending system, the date and time of creation, the real number precision used by the sending system,
and so forth. The following global section information is passed to the DDN PART data:
• File processing control information (parameter and record delimiters)

• Units (inches, millimeters)
• File name (maps to the ICEM part name)
2. IGES Directory Entry Section has an index and attribute information for the IGES file. The following
information is passed to the DDN PART data:
• Line font (solid, dashed, phantom, centerline). Other fonts are mapped to solid.
• Level (If there is a reference to property entity type 406, form 1, only the first of possibly many level
numbers is used. This is because any DDN entity can be on only one level.)
• View (single, all, or selected views).
• Transformation matrix (forms 0 and 1 only).
• Entity status (blank; subordinate entity switch; hierarchy 406, form 10 not supported).
• Line color (colors 0-8; colors greater than 8 are mapped to color 0).
3. IGES Parameter Section contains the parameter data associated with an entity. When translating IGES
entities into ICEM entities, the IGES postprocessor maps the parameter data to the appropriate DDN
PART information.
2.1.1 Translating the IGES Drawing Entity
IGES drawings are translated to ICEM view layouts. View layouts are assigned names derived from the
IGES property entity 406 form 15. When this property does not exist in the IGES file, view layouts are
assigned names of the form IGES DRAWINGxx, where xx is a drawing number. The IGES property entities
406 form 16 and form 17 determines the drawing size or the drawing units, respectively.
An IGES drawing entity can specify the annotation that appears on the drawing. (Up to 10 views can be cre-
ated for this purpose.) When translating the drawing entity, the IGES postprocessor creates a view in which
the entities appear. All other IGES entities are blanked from these special drawing views.
9
2.1.2 Translating Units of Measure
NOTE
If you create new geometry using ICEM for the resulting DDN PART data, it shows up in the views created
for the drawing annotation. If new unwanted entities appear in the annotated view of the drawing, you may
need to blank them individually.
2.1.2 Translating Units of Measure
The IGES postprocessor supports units of measure in inches and millimeters only. IGES standards pack-
ages from other sources may create parts in other units of measure, such as feet or centimeters. If the
IGES postprocessor encounters an IGES file having a metric unit of measure, it generates the DDN PART
data using millimeters as the unit of measure. If the IGES file uses an English unit of measure, the post-
processor generates the DDN PART data using inches as the unit of measure. If the units of the original
IGES file are neither in inches nor millimeters, you will have to resize the part after reading the DDN PART
data into ICEM.
2.1.3 Translating Drafting Entities
ICEM has two drafting standards (ANSI and DIN) which will be set by the IGES translator. The execution
parameter "ds" controls the setting; the default setting is ANSI (ds=a). When ANSI drafting standard is
requested, the translator will map the IGES drafting entities into typical ICEM DDN drafting entities. If no
mapping is possible, the drafting entities will be represented as "drafting groups" in the ICEM part. With DIN
drafting specified, the translator will map all IGES drafting entities into ICEM drafting groups. ICEM DDN
has a drafting modal that enables DDN to convert drafting groups into typical ICEM drafting entities. The
modal is currently under the DDN menu "F.16.1.15.1", and the part must be stored in order to initiate the
conversion.
2.1.4 Tolerances
The ICEM IGES postprocessor uses the parameter 19 of the IGES Global Section (minimum user-intended
resolution, same point tolerance) to check coincidence of segment boundaries of B-spline curves and sur-
faces. If the gap between segments is larger than this parameter, a warning will be issued, but the entity is
transmitted. Also refer to the *DEFINE,TOLERANCE directive later in this manual.
2.2 Mapping IGES Entities to ICEM Entities
Table 2-1 shows the default translation mapping of the postprocessor. Use of the directive control feature
may alter what entities are translated and what the resulting entities are. This conversion table may change
if the DIN drafting standard is used.
Table 1 IGES Entities Translated to ICEM
Type IGES Entity Type ICEM Entity
0 Null entity Ignored
100 Circular arc 3 Circle
10
102 Composite curve 6 Composite curve

Point Not supported, but translated
as an independent point
Line 2 Line
Circular arc 3 Circle
Conic arc 4 Conic
Parametric spline:
- Forms 4, 5 (2-D) 5 Rotated cubic spline
- Forms 4, 5 (3-D) 9 3-D spline
- Forms 1, 2, 3, 6 9 3-D spline
Rational B-spline 31 NURBS curve
Connect point Not supported
104 Conic arc 4 Conic (1)

Derived from data
Parent was an ellipse
Parent was a hyperbola
Parent was a parabola
106 Copious data

Forms:
1 - 3 - Data points 1 Point (default)
10 Machining curve (directive option)
11 - 13 - Linear path 10 Machining curve
20, 21 - Centerline 38 Centerline
31 - section lines 39 Sectioning, material iron
32 - 36, 38 section lines 39 " , user-defined material
37 - section lines 39 " , material lead
40 - Witness line 15 Group, special form 34
63 - Simple closed planar curve 10 Machining curve
108 Plane (2)

0 - Unbounded plane 18 Plane
+1 - Bounded plane Trimmed surface
-1 - Hole in plane Plane (unbounded)
Bounded planes are translated into
trimmed surfaces (type 27) if refer-
enced by a single parent associativity
(type 402/9).
The parent entity has to be a bounded
plane (form +1).
110 Line 2 Line
112 Parametric spline

Forms:
1 - Linear 9 3-D spline
2 - Quadratic 9 3-D spline
3 - Cubic 9 3-D spline
4 - Wilson-Fowler (2-D) 5 Rotated cubic spline
4 - Wilson-Fowler (3-D) 9 3-D spline
5 - Modified Wilson-Fowler (2-D) 5 Rotated cubic spline
5 - Modified Wilson-Fowler (3-D) 9 3-D spline
6 - B-spline 9 3-D spline
114 Parametric spline surface 26 Maps to one or more NURBS surfaces.
116 Point 1 Point
11
118 Ruled surface 21 Ruled/developable surface

Point 1 Point
Line 2 Line
Conic arc 4 Conic
120 Surface of revolution 19 Surface of revolution

Line 2 Line
Conic arc 4 Conic
Parametric spline 5 Rotated cubic spline or 3-D spline
Composite curve 9 Composite curve
Any curve entity to which a parametri- 31 Limited to supported curves in this table
zation has been assigned.
122 Tabulated cylinder 20 Tabulated cylinder or

Ruled surface, form 3 (10)
Line 2 Line
Conic arc 4 Conic
Parametric spline 5 Rotated cubic spline or
9 3-D spline
Composite curve 6 Composite curve
123 Direction Not supported
124 Transformation matrix TABLE 4 matrices (3)

Form 0, right-handed matrix To right-handed matrix.
Form 1, left-handed matrix To right-handed matrix.
Both the referenced data and matrix are
restated into the right-handed system.
Not supported
Forms 10, 11, 12
125 Flash Not supported
126 Rational B-spline curve 31 NURBS curve
128 Rational B-spline surface 26 NURBS surface
130 Offset curve Not supported
132 Connect point Not supported
134 Node Not supported
136 Finite element Not supported
138 Nodal displacement and rotation Not supported
140 Offset surface 28 Offset surface
141 Boundary 55 Loop
142 Curve on parametric surface 55 Loop
143 Bounded surface 27 Trimmed surface
144 Trimmed surface 27 Trimmed surface
146 Nodal results Not supported
12
148 Element results Not supported
150 Block Not supported
152 Right angular wedge Not supported
154 Right circular cylinder Not supported
156 Right circular cone frustum Not supported
158 Sphere Not supported
160 Torus Not supported
162 Solid of revolution Not supported
164 Solid of linear extrusion Not supported
168 Ellipsoid Not supported
180 Boolean tree Not supported
182 Selected component (CSG) Not supported
184 Solid assembly Not supported
186 Manifold solid B-rep Not supported
190 Plane surface Not supported
192 Right circular cylindrical surface Not supported
194 Right circular conical surface Not supported
196 Spherical surface Not supported
198 Toroidal surface Not supported
202 Angular dimension (4) 36 Angular dimension

Standard angular dimension,
form 1,
Shouldered angular dimension,
form 2 or
15 Group, special form 36
204 Curve dimension Not supported
206 Diameter dimension (4) 35 Diameter dimension

Standard diameter dimension,
form 0,
Shouldered diameter dimension,
form 1 or
208 Flag note 15 Group, special form 38
210 General label 15 Group, special form 35
212 General note (4) 37 General note

Standard note or
Fonts 1, 1001, 1002, 1003 Supported
Font 0 and all others Converted to font 1
213 New General note Not supported
13
214 Leader (arrow) 15 Group, special form 33
216 Linear dimension (4) 32 Linear dimension

Standard linear dimension
for horizontal and vertical
orientations, form 0 or
218 Ordinate dimension 15 Group, special form 40
220 Point dimension 15 Group, special form 41
222 Radius dimension (4) 33 Radius dimension

Standard radius dimension,
form 0 or
228 General symbol 15 Group, special form 44
230 Sectioned area 39 Section lining (5)
302 Associativity definition Not supported
304 Line font definition Not supported
306 MACRO definition Not supported
308 Subfigure definition Supported (6)
310 Text font definition Not supported
312 Text display template Not supported
314 Color definition Not supported
316 Units data Not supported
320 Network subfigure definition Supported (6)
322 Attribute table definition Not supported
402 Associativity instance (9)

Forms:
1, 7, 14, 15 - Group 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
3 - Views visible Supported for selective
view blanking.
4 - Views visible, color, Supported for selective
line weight view blanking. Color, line font,
and weight ignored.
9 - Single parent associativity For planes: see plane entity
15/44 For any other entity: standard group, form
1, or set
13 - Dimensioned geometry 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
16 - Planar associativity 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
404 Drawing 50 Systems view layout, form 2 (7)
14
406 Property Not supported, with noted

exceptions:
Forms:
1 - Definition levels Level for DDN entities translated
from any IGES entity with this
property. (Only first level number
is used.)
15 - Name Layout name (maximum of
32 characters)
16 - Drawing size Layout size (restated for units)
17 - Drawing units Layout unit (if layout unit of measure differs
from the part's unit of measure, annotation
is restated. Unit strings that describe the
part's unit of measure are honored.)
408 Singular subfigure instance All orientation and scaling is honored. (6)
410 View TABLE 4 views (8)
412 Rectangular array subfigure instance 12 Rectangular array subfigure
414 Circular array subfigure instance 13 Circular array
416 External reference Not supported
418 Nodal load/constraint Not supported
420 Network subfigure instance All orientation and scaling is honored. (6)
422 Attribute table instance Not supported
430 Solid instance Not supported
502 Vertex Not supported
504 Edge Not supported
508 Loop Not supported
510 Face Not supported
514 Shell Not supported
600- User-specified MACRO instance Not supported

699
10000- User-specified MACRO instance Not supported

9999
NOTE
1. The entity is reviewed and classified into one of the following forms: ellipse, hyberbola, or parabola, or
the entity is rejected in accordance with recommended practice. Note that the former parent status is
ignored.
2. The clipping planes of an IGES drawing entity are not translated to planes in the DDN PART data.
However, they are used to formulate the DDN PART view layout entity.
3. Use in the IGES file determines final translator usage. For example, if the matrix describes an orienta-
tion of an IGES entity that maps to an ICEM model space entity, the IGES entity is restated to eliminate
the matrix. IGES planar entities (conics, for example) may be restated to reduce the number of matri-
ces that are needed to describe the entities. A maximum of 65535 matrices can be passed to ICEM.
15
4. To maximize the number of IGES dimensions converted to functional dimensions, the IGES arrow-
heads should have a length to width ratio of three to one. Any text string character count should also
not exceed 249 characters. Text lines should have uniform downspace at the beginning of each line.
Most CAD/CAM systems and their IGES preprocessors should be able to write IGES files that conform
to these specifications.
5. When translating an ICEM section lining generated from an IGES entity type 230 back into IGES
again, this part must first be stored through ICEM. This updates copious data to display sectioning.
Materials not known in ICEM will be mapped to iron.
6. ICEM IGES supports an absolute maximum of 64 subfigure levels. Each level may contain many sub-
figure instances, each with its own relative level count. The Network Subfigure is translated as a regu-
lar Singular Subfigure. (Connect Point entity references are ignored and there is no independent-axis
scaling.)
7. ICEM IGES supports up to 10 IGES drawings with directly associated annotation data within an IGES
file. No limit is set for the number of drawings supported without annotation. At most, 80 views are
allowed to compose a layout. View count is limited to the TABLE 4 restrictions described in note 8. All
IGES drawing entity annotation data is mapped to one of the views 9 through 19 initially reserved for
one of the first 10 drawings with annotation. The IGES standard indicates only positive drawing-coordi-
nates are allowed. If a layout is indicated as translated, it may be necessary to stretch the view borders
while maintaining view origin placement and without resizing the layout.
8. A maximum of 420 views can be passed to ICEM including those created to support annotation for
IGES drawings. If a view is referenced by an IGES drawing entity and has no associated clipping
planes, the view is assigned a set of clipping planes.
9. If a group has more subentities than DDN allows (currently 240), the group is divided into several inde-
pendent groups.
10. If a tabulated cylinder is the underlying surface of a trimmed surface, the tabulated cylinder will be
translated to a ruled surface, form 3 which will subsequently be translated in DDN into a ruled surface,
form 1. This is to ensure the uv-space parameters of the surface fall into a range of 0.0 to 1.0.
16
3 Translating from ICEM to IGES
3 Translating from ICEM to IGES
The IGES preprocessor translates DDN PART data to an IGES file. The IGES preprocessor writes ANSI
version 5.3 IGES files.
3.1 Processing DDN PART Information
During translation, entities are processed sequentially from the beginning to the end of the file, except for
the following entity types: groups, composite curves, associativities, and annotations. For these entity
types, the parent entity is translated before the subentities are translated. Only DDN Parts in ASCII format
are translated. It may be necessary to convert the binary format part into ASCII using ICEM DDN.
3.2 DDN PART Release Revision Level
Each specific version of the IGES preprocessor is able to translate DDN Parts of the same version. The
version of the translator is indicated in the product identifier and on the translation list file. To guarantee
proper translation, the DDN Part release revision level and the translator version should match. If a pre-
processor cannot translate a DDN Part due to a version difference, the translation is not started and a mes-
sage is output onto the translation list file. The user is requested either to use the proper translator version
or to update the part to the proper version using ICEM DDN.
3.3 Generating Header Information in the IGES File
The IGES definition requires information such as part name and generation date of the IGES file being writ-
ten into the IGES file (Global Section). But it may be necessary to pass more information such as:
• number and generation date of part

• name of company and department
• name and telephone number of designer, and so forth
as a Header (transmission header).
This kind of information can be written in rather free form into the IGES file Start Section.
ICEM IGES allows several ways (which can be combined) to write header information into the IGES file
start section:
• H-parameter of preprocessor (argument is a file name)

• Block within *SETSTS-/ *ENDSTS directive (set start section)
• File name parameter of *SETSTS directive
When applying several of the ways above, the order of the information inserted into the start section will be
the following:
1. Information from the file specified by the H-parameter
17
3.4 Translating ICEM Part Instances
2. Information from the block within the *SETSTS/ *ENDSTS directive

3. Information supplied by the file defined by the *SETSTS directive.
Some institutions, like the VDA, have defined a suggested (standardized) form of the header, in this case
called VDAIS header, to be used by their members.
Before executing the ICEM IGES preprocessor, the header, as a file, has to be completed (that is, using an
editor).
The first line of the VDAIS header "VDAIS VERSION/LEIST:" (VDAIS Version/Performance Level) will be
completed by ICEM IGES, when the appropriate subset is selected by a directive (see *SELECT,SUB direc-
tive). If this line does not exist in the header file, ICEM IGES will automatically insert such a line into the
IGES file start section, when the appropriate directive(s) is/are included in the directive file.
Below, the VDAIS header is listed:
************************************************************************
VDAIS VERSION/LEIST:
--------------SENDER DETAILS--------------------------------------------
SENDING FIRM :
CONTACT PERSON :
-TELEPHONE :
-ADDRESS :
GENERATING SYSTEM :
GENERATION DATE :
SENDING FILENAME :
--------------PART DETAILS---------------------------------------------
PROJECT :
OBJECT TITLE :
VARIANT :
CONFIDENTIALITY :
VALID FROM (DATE) :
--------------RECEIVER DETAILS-----------------------------------------
RECEIVING FIRM :
RECEIVER NAME/DEPT.:
************************************************************************
3.4 Translating ICEM Part Instances
When preparing an ICEM part that contains part instance or local instance entities for the IGES translation,
this part should be "unlinked" using DDN to obtain a complete part for the translation. The unlink feature in
DDN resolves all instances (references) to other parts/masters and merges them into the part to be trans-
lated. It may be necessary to do the unlink with a copy of the original part in order to save the structure of
instancing.
18
3.5 Translating ICEM View Layouts
When translating a part from ICEM, the IGES preprocessor translates only the last view layout used. The
IGES preprocessor lists the name of the translated layout. If you wish another view layout to be translated,
you must enter ICEM DDN, display the desired layout and store the part. See also further notes at the end
of this chapter about this entity.
3.6 Translating Dormant Entities
Deleted entities that were used to construct an entity are retained in the ICEM data base as dormant enti-
ties, which are inaccessible. When a part is unblanked during translation, previously deleted entities may
reappear in the translated files. If this happens, the unwanted entities must be deleted again.
3.7 ICEM Symbols
The IGES preprocessor maps ICEM symbols to the appropriate IGES symbols. ICEM symbols with no
IGES counterpart are translated as blanks. The following ICEM symbols are not supported:
Conical taper
Flat taper
3.8 Mapping ICEM Entities to IGES Entities
The table below shows the default translation mapping of the preprocessor. Use of the directive feature may
materially alter what entities are translated and what the resulting entities are.
Table 2 ICEM Entities Translated to IGES
Type ICEM Entity Type IGES Entity
1 Point 116 Point
2 Line 110 Line
3 Circle 100 Circular arc
4 Conic 104
Forms:
1 - Offset conic Not supported
2 - Ellipse Ellipse
3 - Parabola Parabola
4 - Hyperbola Hyperbola
Detail magnified: Not supported
8 - Offset conic
9 - Ellipse
10 - Parabola
11 - Hyperbola
19
5 Rotated cubic spline (also called

2-D or Wilson-Fowler spline)
Forms:
1 - 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
2 - Offset 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
2 - Trimmed offset 2-D spline Not supported; convert entity to
2-D spline (or 3-D spline or B-spline
curve) first using ICEM DDN.
10 - Nonregenerative 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
3 - Detail magnify Not supported
6 Composite curve
Form 1 - general composite curve 102 Composite curve
Subcurves: Subcurves:
Line Line
Arc Arc
ConicRotated cubic spline Conic
3-D spline Parametric spline curve
Parametric spline curve
7 Vector 102 Composite curve, consisting of

6 lines (IGES entity type 110)
8 Point set
If a member of a 402 Associativity, form 7, consisting of lines (IGES
drafting group (6) entity type 110)
If not a member of a 102 Composite curve, consisting of lines (IGES
drafting group entity type 110)
9 3-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 3
10 Machining curve The supporting type 14 entities

are translated as:
106 Copious data, forms 11, 12, 13 (form 13
excluded if curve used for surface definition)
11 String 102 Composite curve

Subentities: Subentities:
Lines Lines
Arcs Arcs
12 Rectangular array 412 Rectangular array

subfigure instance
Base entities:
Group If the base entity has been translated, it is
Point used. It must be processed prior to processing
Line IGES entity type 412.
Arc
Array
13 Circular array 414 Circular array subfigure instance

Base entities:
Point used. It must be processed prior to processing
Line IGES entity type 414.
Arc
Array
20
14 Copious data
Forms:
0 - Standard 106 Copious data, specific form
depends on use.
1 - N/C toolpath copious Not supported
2 - N/C tool image copious Not supported
3 or 4 - B-spline control points Translated along with
type 26 or 31 entities.
9 - Drafting copious data Not applicable
15 Group (4)
Forms:
1-Standard 402 Associativity, form 7,
plus the component entities
2-Balloon (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,
(equivalent to type 72) plus the component entities
3-Surface texture symbol 402 Associativity, form 7,
4-Datum target (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,
5-Polyline 402 Associativity, form 7,
6-Welding symbol 402 Associativity, form 7,
7-Drafting leader 402 Associativity, form 7,
8-Cutting plane line 402 Associativity, form 7,
22-Trimmed linear dimension (equiva- 216 Linear dimension (trimming of dimension lines
lent to type 62) not captured; trimming of witness lines is cap-
tured)
30-Feature frame 402 Associativity, form 7,
32 212 General note
33 214 Leader (arrow)
34 106 Witness line
35 210 General label
36 202 Angular dimension
37 206 Diameter dimension
38 208 Flag note
39 216 Linear dimension
40 218 Ordinate dimension
15 Group (4)
Forms:
41 220 Point dimension
42 222 Radius dimension
44 228 General symbol
16 Variable tables Not supported
17 Surface curve – The “underlying” curve referenced by an ICEM

Type 17 entity is translated to a support curve
for an IGES type 142 (curve on parametric sur-
face) or 141 (boundary).
18 Plane 108 Plane, form 1

106 Copious data, form 12
21
19 Surface of revolution 110 Line to define the axis of rotation

120 Surface of revolution
Base curves:
Any valid single curve Any curve listed as translating in this table.
20 Tabulated cylinder 122 Tabulated cylinder

Base curves:
21 Ruled/developable surface 118 Ruled surface (3)

Base curves:
Any valid single curve or point Any curve listed as translating in this table.
One of the two base curves can be a point.
22 Curve mesh surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS sur-

face first, using ICEM.
23 Fillet surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS sur-

25 Surface curve surface – The “underlying” surface referenced by an

ICEM Type 25 entity is translated to the surface
that is trimmed (bounded) by an IGES type 144
(trimmed surface) or 143 (bounded surface).
See ICEM Type 27.
26 NURBS surface
Subtypes:
Bi-cubic nonrational 114 Parametric spline surface
(directive option)
All forms 128 Rational B-spline surface
27 Trimmed surface 144 Trimmed surface (default) or

143 Bounded surface (directive option)
29 Composite surface Component surfaces are translated; you can

convert entity to a NURBS surface using ICEM.
30 Curve-driven surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS sur-

31 NURBS curve
Cubic nonrational 112 Parametric spline curve
(directive option)
All forms 126 Rational B-spline curve
32 Linear dimension
Forms:
0 - Standard linear dimension 216 Linear dimension
2 - ANSI rectangular 216 Linear dimension
coordinate dimension
2 - DIN coordinate dimension 218 Ordinate dimension
33 Radius dimension 222 Radius dimension
34 Label/taper/chamfer dimension
Forms:
0 , 1- Standard label 210 General label
3 - Conical taper dimension Not supported
4 - Flat taper dimension Not supported
5 - Chamfer dimension 210 General label
22
35 Diameter dimension 206 Diameter dimension
36 Angular dimension
Forms:
0, 1 - Standard angular dimension 202 Angular dimension
2 - Shouldered angular dimension 202 Angular dimension
3 - Arc length dimension Not supported
4 - Shouldered arc length dimension Not supported
37 General note
Forms:
1 - Standard note 212 General note
2 - Note parallel to line 212 General note
3 - Note parallel to arc Not supported
38 Centerline
Forms:
1 - Through a set of points 106 Copious data,
2 - Through a set of arcs form 20 or 21
and bolt circles Not supported
3 - Detail magnified centerline Not supported
39 Section lining (1) 106 Copious data

Forms:
0-63 Mapped to forms 31-38
40 Special symbols (4)

Forms:
0-Feature frame/reference symbol/bal- 402 Associativity, form 7, plus the component enti-
loon (DIN only) (feature frame is a sub- ties
entity of a type 70 entity; reference
symbol is equivalent to type 75; bal-
loon is equivalent to type 72)
1-Feature frame (ANSI only) (subentity
of a type 70 entity) 402 Associativity, form 7,
2-Datum feature (ANSI only) (equiva- plus the component entities
lent to type 76) 402 Associativity, form 7,
3-Composite feature frame (ANSI plus the component entities
only) (subentity of a type 70 entity) 402 Associativity, form 7,
41 Template Not supported
42 Part instance Not supported. Use the ICEM DDN unlink fea-
ture to merge instanced parts into the part to
be translated.
43 Work axis Not supported
44 Set Associativity, form 7, plus the component enti-

ties
45 Systems GPG, inserts, and N/C Not supported

modals
46 Toolpaths Not supported
47 Composite toolpath Not supported
48 Toolpath GPG Not supported
49 Tool Not supported
23
50 Systems (2) 404 Drawing

410 View-view scale is determined
from layout
108 View clipping planes are derived
from the layout (Z-clipping
is ignored)
406 Associativity Forms:
15 - User-defined
layout name only is used
16 - Size is from layout
17 - Drawing unit of measure
(same as DDN PART)
All others Not supported
51 CSG node, B-Rep (Reference) Not supported
52 Primitives Not supported
55 Loop 142 Curve on parametric surface or

141 Boundary
58 Metacurve 102 Composite curve
60 Data point set Not supported
61 Data structure Not supported
62 Trimmed linear dimension (5) 216 Linear dimension (trimming of dimension lines
(equivalent to type 15, form 22) not captured; trimming of witness lines is cap-
tured)
70 Feature frame (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

(equivalent to type 15, form 30) plus the component entities
72 Balloon (5) equivalent to: type 15, form 402 Associativity, form 7,
2 (ANSI only) type 40, plus the component entities
form 0 (DIN)
73 Surface texture symbol (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

74 Datum target (5) (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

75 Reference symbol (5) (DIN only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

76 Datum feature (5) (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

77 Polyline (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

78 Welding symbol (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

79 Drafting leader (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

80 Cutting plane line (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

24
86- 87 Local Instance Master Not supported.

Local Instance Use the ICEM DDN unlink feature to merge
local instances into the part to be translated.
NOTE
1. The section lining entity is queried for form number only and then the supporting copious data is trans-
lated.
2. For a DDN PART having multiple view layouts, only the most recently defined layout is translated.
When the format view is contained in the ICEM view layout (for example, the drawing frame around the
views), it determines the physical size represented by IGES entity type 406 form 16. Otherwise, each
view's lower left-hand and upper right-hand corners, as placed on the layout, are used to define the
shape and size of the rectangle that encloses the IGES drawing. The view layout is like a paper sheet
on which the drawing is composed.
3. The DDN part containing a ruled surface form 3 must be updated in ICEM and filed so that the ruled
surface form 3 can be translated into a ruled surface form 1.
4. Entities with type 15, form 2-30, and some of the entities with type 40 on the ASCII part file will have a
different entity type number within the ICEM DDN program. These entities are cross-referenced to their
ICEM DDN entity type number where appropriate.
5. Entities with this type number within the ICEM DDN program will have a different entity type number on
the ASCII part file. The equivalent ASCII part entity number is shown.
6. An entity is a member of a drafting group if it belongs to a type 15, form 2-30 group.
25
4 Executing the IGES Translator
4 Executing the IGES Translator
4.1 IGES Translator and License File
An ASCII license file is provided to each customer and must be installed correctly before the ICEM IGES
translator can execute. If the license file is not installed, cannot be accessed, or contains incorrect license
information, the translator issues an error message to the translation list file and stops executing.
The license file limits the number of simultaneous users of ICEM IGES (network licensing).
The ICEM application installer will install the license file and set up an environment variable containing the
path to it. This variable also describes the path to the commands (starting procedures) to execute ICEM
IGES. The environment variable containing the path is named ICEM_ACN. Without variable ICEM_ACN,
the ICEM IGES translator cannot find the license file.
4.2 Executing ICEM IGES
ICEM IGES can be executed by typing in commands with parameters. The commands are executable pro-
cedures, which reside in directory trees together with the other ICEM applications. Each application has its
own directory. Paths to these directories are to be established during installation.
4.3 ICEM IGES Command and Program Names
The following are the standard UNIX names for IGES commands, executable procedures (script files) and
programs being used in the ICEM IGES environment. The command for the IGES preprocessor (translation
from ICEM to IGES) is iges_pre. The command for the IGES postprocessor (translation from IGES to
ICEM) is iges_post. The commands reference executable procedures.
Procedure iges_pre calls the preprocessor executable program igespre_exec, and procedure iges_post
calls the postprocessor executable program igespost_exec.
Upon request by the user, these names may be changed — that is, to identify a new version independently
from an installation process. In this case, it is the user's responsibility to define paths to the procedures and
programs. Under such circumstances, it is possible to execute the translator programs (..._exec) directly as
a command without the procedures. However, it is emphasized here that the procedures precheck parame-
ters and delete scratch files.
Procedures are not used for Windows platforms. The executable program names are entered directly.
These names are iges_pre.exe and iges_post.exe.
4.4 Multiple Translation Sessions
For ICEM IGES versions 3.4.00 and earlier, if one translation run is executing in a directory, no other trans-
lation should be started there. The reason for this is that the translator used scratch data files in the current
directory.
26
4.5 ICEM IGES Command Parameters
Beginning with version 3.4.01 any number of IGES translations can concurrently execute in the same direc-
tory. The reason is that now the "Process ID" for each translation is used to make the scratch file names
unique to that process.
In addition, the IGES translation scratch files are created in a new default location. Previously, they were
always put in the directory that was current at the time the translation started. Now the default location is
the /tmp directory on the UNIX machine where the translation is executing, or for Windows, a specified sim-
ilar location on the drive where the ICEM IGES executable resides. There are 2 reasons for this.
• Reads/writes to the local /tmp directory are often more efficient than reads/writes to a directory
accessed via a central file server.
• Often the /tmp directory is given a large amount of available space. This is important for translating
large files.
For Windows, the temporary scratch file location is the value of the temp environment variable if it exists. If
not, the value of the tmp environment variable is used. If neither one of these variables is set, the \tmp
directory is used.
The UNIX default /tmp for scratch files can be changed by setting the TMPDIR environment variable. For
example, the directory for temporary scratch files may be set to the current working directory by any one of
the following statements:
setenv TMPDIR ./
or
setenv TMPDIR .
or
setenv TMPDIR ‘pwd‘

The default location can be reset by either of the following:
unsetenv TMPDIR
or
setenv TMPDIR /tmp

If an ICEM IGES translation is executing on one machine in a network, say on mach1, and the directory
being specified for scratch files is on another machine in the network, say on mach2, then the fully qualified
address must be used, e.g.,
setenv TMPDIR /mach2/d2/usr/people/abc
4.5 ICEM IGES Command Parameters
The objects ICEM Part and IGES file are referenced as file names by the parameters in the execution com-
mands. This is also the case for the translation listing and the directives file. To obtain the corresponding
ICEM Part file name or IGES file name, it may be necessary to list the contents of a directory with the "ls"
27
4.6 Executing the Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES)
(UNIX) command, that is, "ls parts". The file names may contain directory names separated by a "/" (slash).
The arguments of the parameters can be (partially) variables such as $HOME. Make sure that names of
ICEM Part files do not exceed 14 characters (excluding directory names).
The commands must be typed in a single line, followed by a carriage return. A command can be broken up
into several lines by ending each line with a "\" (backslash) followed by a carriage return.
The ICEM Introduction and System Controls Reference Manual describes file and path name conventions
used in all ICEM applications. These conventions apply to the file parameters of iges_pre and iges_post. In
particular, no upper case alphabetic characters should be used in any portion of a path name or any file
name used as a parameter.
4.6 Executing the Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES)
The command and its parameters to execute the preprocessor are:
iges_pre
i=part_file o=iges_file d=directives_file l=list_file av=no
sd=max_sig_digits name=new_part_name h=header_file
Description of parameters:
i
Input file (ICEM Part file). The ICEM Part file must be in ASCII format.
o
Output file (IGES file).
d
Directive file. If not specified, it is assumed no directives are to be applied.
l
List file; contains the listing/report of the translation.
av
'additional views' parameter; directs the preprocessor to translate all views (av=yes) of the ICEM Part
onto the IGES file or to translate only the view belonging to the translated view layout (av=no). If "av"
is not specified, "av=no" is assumed (default setting).
sd
Maximum 'significant digits' parameter; directs the preprocessor to output floating point numbers to
the IGES file using no more than a specified number of significant digits. Default is “sd=10”. Range is
from 10 to 15. Smaller choice is better for file size considerations, and larger gives better accuracy.
28
4.7 Executing the Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM)
name
'new name of part in IGES file' parameter; if specified, the part name in the IGES file's global section
will receive this name instead of the original ICEM Part name. The latter is the case when this param-
eter is not specified. Names containing blanks must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks
(' or ").
h
Header file. The contents of this file is copied into the IGES file start section.
Typical command:
iges_pre
i=parts/construct_11bx o=iges/construct_11 l=list1 \
name='new name' sd=13
4.7 Executing the Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM)
The command and its parameters to execute the postprocessor are:
iges_post
i=iges_file o=part_file d=directives_file l=list_file
name=new_part_name sheet=sheet_nr ds=a
Description of parameters:
i
Input file (IGES file).
o
Output file (ICEM Part file).
d
Directive file. If not specified, it is assumed no directives are to be applied.
l
List file; contains the listing/report of the translation.
name
'new name of part' parameter; if specified, the part name will be set to this name instead of the name
contained in the IGES file's global section. The latter is the case when this parameter is not speci-
fied. Names containing blanks must be enclosed in single or double quotation marks (' or ").
29
4.8 Useful Steps before and after a Translation
sheet
'sheet number of part' parameter; if specified, the sheet number of the generated part will be set to
this number. If this parameter is not specified, the sheet number is set to 1.
ds
'drafting standard' parameter; it directs the postprocessor to generate the ICEM Part in the specified
drafting standard. "ds=a" will generate an ICEM Part in ANSI standard — this is also the case, when
this parameter is not specified (default). "ds=d" will generate an ICEM Part in DIN standard.
Typical command:
iges_post
i=iges/foreign_part_2 o=parts/foreign_part_2 l=list_post_2 \
name=foreign_part sheet=2 ds=d
4.8 Useful Steps before and after a Translation
4.8.1 Useful Steps for Executing the Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES)
• Planning a larger amount of CAD/CAM data to be exchanged, a test data exchange of an ICEM Part file
containing the entity types to be exchanged is recommended to be prepared to determine the reaction
of the receiving CAD/CAM system. Construction modals and entity conversions in ICEM DDN and direc-
tives in ICEM IGES will allow adapting to particularities of the receiving (third party) CAD/CAM system.
• Only the last ICEM DDN view layout displayed will be translated; a multiple view display is a view layout.
The format view (that is, as a drawing frame) can be used to define the IGES drawing size.
• The ICEM Part release revision level must coincide with the processor; if not, use ICEM DDN or ICEM
PT/UP (ICEM Part translator) to update the part to the correct level. A message on the translation list file
will indicate a wrong release level.
• The ICEM Part must be in ASCII format; if not, use ICEM DDN or ICEM PT to convert it.
• Find the file name of the ICEM Part to be translated: List the directory 'parts' ("ls parts"), compare the
obtained list of file names with the part name (that is, part name 'BUMPER' will correspond to file name
'bumper_11gpluc').
• The ICEM Part and the directives file must be accessible/readable from the current working directory.
• The target directory for the IGES file and list file must be in 'write mode'.
• The translation list file should be viewed.
4.8.2 Useful Steps for Executing the Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM)
• The IGES file to be translated should have the following attributes: It must be available and accessible
(read mode allowed) on your computer system. It may have any file name supported by the operating
system, except that no upper case alphabetic characters should be used. It must be in 80 characters per
record (may be checked with any editor).
30
4.9 Translator Execution with Shell Scripts
• The directives file must be accessible/readable from the current working directory.
• The directory 'parts' for the ICEM part to be generated and the directory for the translation list file must
be in 'write mode'.
• The translation list file should be viewed.
• To retrieve the generated part in ICEM DDN the following actions may be considered:
– The generated part must be introduced to DDN (updated): menu F.6.1.8.Y. Alternatively, at the CRE-
ATE/RETRIEVE PART prompt, select the Options tablet square (or CTRL-Z-O or right mouse button)
and then 3.UPDATE WORKING PART LIBRARY.
– The view layout (if one contained in part) should be displayed: menu F.8.7.Y.
Additionally, the following may be considered:
– Auto max/min (Z.11).

– Display list of views and display view by view. Unblank all.
If you have purchased the IGES Direct Interface from ICEM Technologies or one of its vendors, you can
execute the translator with the shell scripts:
IpartaToIges and IgesToIparta
Table 3 Error Codes for Batch Processing
Code Message Description
0 IGESUC Exit Success.
100 IGELIC License not granted.
101 IGEHEA Error during access of header file.
102 IGEDFT MXPDFT out of range in iupdft.
103 IGEMXR Overflow in conversion real <-> string.
104 IGEMXI Overflow in conversion integer <-> string.
105 IGETMF Too many files open overflow.
106 IGEGIE GOTOER called internal error.
107 IGEKSE Keyword = value expected.
108 IGEUKW Unknown keyword passed to program.
109 IGENEP Processor terminated: no entities processed.
110 IGEIER Internal error.
111 IGECWD Could not write the ddn part file.
112 IGECRD Could not read the ddn part file.
113 IGEIPD Invalid parameter delimiter definition.
31
Code Message Description
114 IGEILD Invalid line delimiter definition.
115 IGEINS Invalid number of start section cards.
116 IGEING Invalid number of global section cards.
117 IGEIND Invalid number of DE section cards.
118 IGEINP Invalid number of PD section cards.
119 IGEIAV Invalid all views ptr.
120 IGEISD Invalid max. significant digits parameter.
121 IGEIFC Id = filename cannot be used with DD parameter.
122 IGEIFS Id = filename is same as another file parameter.
123 IGEIRN Invalid release / revision number.
124 IGECOF Cannot open file.
125 IGEREA Error during read of file.
32
5 IGES Directives
5 IGES Directives
The directive control of the IGES translators is a feature that enables you to control the translation process.
By providing directives, you can include or exclude entities for translation, redefine entity levels, and control
other aspects of the IGES translation.
To use the directive control feature, you must include the specified directives in a file, referred to as the
directive file, that you create using a text editor. Directives you specify in the directive file and error mes-
sages related to those directives are listed in a log file (error/log file). If you do not specify any directive file
for a processor run, one of the following messages will be printed:
NO DIRECTIVE FILE
DIRECTIVE FILE EMPTY
5.1 Format of Directives
Directives have the following format:
*VERB,OBJECT(SUBTYPE)=PARAMETER_1,PARAMETER_2,PARAMETER_n
Directives have the following characteristics:
• All directives start with an asterisk (*); except comments, which start with $$.
• For certain directives, the terms OBJECT, SUBTYPE, and PARAMETER may be optional or not applica-
ble.
• A directive can consist of up to 80 characters.
• The symbol >>> between parameters means "until" when specifying a range. For example: 3>>>8 is a
shorthand way of expressing the parameter list 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
• Names containing blanks must be enclosed in quotation marks (").
• Directives can be written using uppercase or lowercase characters. Verbs and objects can be abbrevi-
ated. Verbs can be shortened to a minimum of two characters; objects can be shortened to a minimum
of one character. For example:
*EXCLUDE,LEVEL=100
can be shortened to any of the following:
*EXCLUD,LEV=100
*EXCL,LE=100
*EX,L=100
*ex,l=100
Abbreviated terms must be unique; if they are not, the user is requested to add characters until the
uniqueness is established.
33
5.2 Dependent Entities and Directive Control
5.2 Dependent Entities and Directive Control
Dependent entities such as subordinate entities belonging to a group or a composite curve can be
addressed only in connection with their parent entity. For example, a circle forming part of a composite
curve is not translated if circles alone are specified as entities to be translated. This circle is included in the
translation process only if composite curves are also specified. The same is true for dependent auxiliary
dimensioning lines within a dimension.
5.3 Selectable Verbs
The selectable verbs are listed below.
Table 4 Selectable Verbs
Verb Description
*INCLUDE Includes entities for the translation.
*SELECT Includes entities for the translation.
*EXCLUDE Excludes entities from the translation.
*SKIP Excludes entities from the translation.
*CONVERT Converts entities to an alternate type.
*DEFINE Define a tolerance, an alternate parameterization, a NURBS translation

option, change to “world” units, or redefine a level.
*IDENTIFY Translates some entities differently than usual.
*SCALE Scales entities regarding view scale.
*BEGINAND Begins an AND block.
*ENDAND Terminates an AND block.
*SETSTS Marks the beginning of text for the start section.
*ENDSTS Marks the end of text for the start section.
*AV Sets the Additional View parameter.
*DS Sets the Drafting Standard parameter.
$$ Identifies a comment.
*DEBUG Writes information to be used to debug corrupt files.
5.4 Selectable Objects
The selectable objects are listed below.
34
5.5 Selectable Parameters
Table 5 Selectable Objects
Object Description
(note 1) Entity number(s)
LEVEL Level number
PEN Pen number
BLANK Blanked entities
UNBLANK Unblanked entities
NAME Entity name
SUBSET Entity subsets
NURBS_CURVE Nonuniform rational B-spline curve
NURBS_SURFACE Nonuniform rational B-spline surface
LIST List/error list/log
ATTRIBUTES Entity attributes
TEXTS Text/entity type note
ARROWS Arrow/entity type leader
LOOP_TOLERANCE Tolerance (3D) for loops (trim curves in the uv-space of surfaces)
TOLERANCE General (3D) tolerance; except for loops
UNIT_TRIM_REV Specify whether to change unitized parameters to natural parameters for

IGES trimmed surfaces of revolution.
CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS Specify whether to change IGES model space units to “real world” units
using Global parameter 13.
TRIMMED_NURBS_SURFACE Trimmed surface with base/underlying surface of type nonuniform rational B-

spline
CHARACTER Character, text
DE (note 2) IGES entity "Directory Entry" numbers
NOTES:
1. No object keyword is used. See examples under the *INCLUDE directive later in this chapter.
2. All valid directory entry numbers are greater than zero and odd. Some knowledge of IGES file format is
needed to make use of the DE object.
5.5 Selectable Parameters
Depending on the objects, the following parameters can be used:
• YES or NO
• 1 or 0
35
5.6 Selectable Subsets
• MIN and/or MAX

For their application, refer to the detailed description of each directive.
The following subsets can be selected:
Table 6 Selectable Subsets
B2 (dimensioning, views, planes, view-visible, drawing/layout)
G1 (basic geometry)
G2 (basic geometry 2-D and 3-D)
G3 (basic geometry 2-D and 3-D, ruled surfaces)
The B2 (IGES) subset comprises the following entities:
Table 7 B2 (IGES) Subset
B2 (IGES) Entity Type/Form
Matrix 124
View 410
View-visible 402/7
Drawing 404
Section 106/31
Witness line 106/40
Angular dimension 202
Diameter dimension 206
General label 210
General note 212
Leader/arrow 214/1, 4, 9, 10
Linear dimension 216
Ordinate dimension 218
Point dimension 220
Radius dimension 222
The G1 (IGES) subset comprises the following entities:
36
Table 8 G1 (IGES) subSet
G1 (IGES) Entity Type/Form
Circular arc 100
Composite curve 102
Conic 104/0, 1, 2, 3
Coordinate pair 106/1
Coordinate pair vertices 106/11
Line 110
Parametric spline curve (linear,
quadratic, cubic, Wilson-Fowler,
modified Wilson-Fowler, B-spline) 112/0
Point 116
Group 402/7
Matrix 124
View 410
View-visible 402/3
Drawing 404
Table 9 G2 (IGES) Subset
Circular arc 100
Composite curve 102
Conic 104/0, 1, 2, 3
Line 110
Point 116
Group 402/7
Matrix 124
View 410
37
View-visible 402/3
Drawing 404
Coordinate triple 106/2
Coordinate triple vertices 106/12
Table 10 G3 (IGES) Subset
Circular arc 100
Composite curve 102
Conic 104/0, 1, 2, 3
Line 110
Point 116
Group 402/7
Matrix 124
View 410
View-visible 402/3
Drawing 404
Coordinate triple 106/2
Coordinate triple vertices 106/12
Coordinate sextuple 106/3
Coordinate sextuple vertices 106/13
Plane 108
Parametric spline surface 114
Ruled surface 118/1
Surface of revolution 120
Tabulated cylinder 122
The B2 (ICEM) subset comprises the following entities:
38
Table 11 B2 (ICEM) Subset
B2 (ICEM) Entity Type/Form
Linear dimension 32
Circular/radius dimension 33
General label 34
Diameter dimension 35
Angular dimension 36
General note 37
Section lining 39
True position symbol 40
View layout (drawing) 50/2
Matrix TAB 4 data
View TAB 4 data
The G1 (ICEM) subset comprises the following entities:
Table 12 G1 (ICEM) Subset
G1 (ICEM) Entity Type/Form
Point 1
Line 2
Circle 3
Conic 4
2-D Spline 5
Composite curve 6
3-D spline 9
Group 15
Set 44
Matrix TAB 4 data
View TAB 4 data
39
Point 1
Line 2
Circle 3
Conic 4
2-D spline 5
Composite curve 6
3-D spline 9
Group 15
Set 44
Matrix TAB 4 data
View TAB 4 data
Point set 8
Copious data 14
NURBS curve 31
Point 1
Line 2
Circle 3
Conic 4
2-D spline 5
Composite curve 6
3-D spline 9
Group 15
Set 44
Matrix TAB 4 data
View TAB 4 data
Point set 8
40
5.7 Directive Descriptions
Copious data 14
Plane 18
Surface of revolution 19
Tabulated cylinder 20
Ruled/developable surface 21
NURBS curve 31
NURBS surface 26
NOTE:
With the selected subsets, nonrational NURBS curves and NURBS surfaces of a degree lower than 4 are
automatically converted to IGES cubic parametrics (entity types 112/114) unless specified otherwise (for
example, *CONV,NURBS_C=NONE). All other NURBS are not translated for these subsets.
5.7 Directive Descriptions
The following paragraphs describe the directives:
5.7.1 $$ Directive
This directive is the only directive not starting with an asterisk. It marks the corresponding line as a com-
ment, which can contain any text you want to specify.
Examples:
$$ ---------------------------
$$ Directives file: DIRFILE1
$$ 10.01.1991
$$ ICEM ---> IGES
$$ John SMITH
$$ ---------------------------
$$ Select all lines
*SELECT, 110
$$ Select all entities having pen 3 through 6
*SELECT, PEN=3>>>6
$$ I want to exclude levels 10 through 12 and level 15
*skip, level=10>>>12,15
$$ --------------------------
$$ no more directives
$$ --------------------------
5.7.2 *AV Directive
The *AV directive controls the set of views to be translated by the IGES preprocessor. The default is speci-
fied as a parameter on the iges_pre command.
41
5.7.3 *BEGINAND Directive
Examples:
*AV=0 Translates only those views that are associated with a view layout (drawing).
*AV=1 Translates all views, including those not associated with any view layout.
5.7.3 *BEGINAND Directive
This directive opens up an AND block. The AND block serves the purpose of combining a list of directives
so that all selection conditions specified in these directives are fulfilled simultaneously. Notice, however,
that some directives do not make sense in connection with certain other directives. The following general
rules hold:
• Several parameters for an object (in the same line) are implicitly linked by OR (as in general with the
*BEGINAND directive), while directives in subsequent lines in between an AND block are implicitly
linked by AND.
• Within an AND block, use only one selection mode (SELECT or SKIP); that is, the *SELECT or *SKIP
directive encountered first in the directive file determines the selection mode for the translation of the
entire AND block.
The *ENDAND directive terminates the AND block initiated by the *BEGINAND directive. If you do not spec-
ify this directive after entering a *BEGINAND directive, the AND block includes all subsequent directives
through to the end of the directive file. Examples:
*SELECT,1 Specifies the SELECT mode and selects entity type 1.
*BEGINAND Starts an AND block.
*SEL,2 Selects entity type 2.
*SEL,PEN=1 Selects pen 1.
*SEL,LEV=0 Selects level 0.
*ENDAND Ends the AND block.
All entities that are entity type 2 and have pen 1 and level 0 are selected for translation.
*SELECT,1 Specifies the SELECT mode and selects entity type 1.
*BEGINAND Starts an AND block.
*SELECT,4,5,6 Selects entities 4, 5, or 6.
*SELECT,PEN=7,8 Selects pen 7 or 8.
*SEL,L=9>>>12,5 Selects level 5, 9, 10, 11, or 12.
*ENDAND Ends the AND block.
42
5.7.4 *CONVERT Directive
The *CONVERT directive directs the translator to convert entity types or just attributes of an entity type, by
the object specified. The translator can be directed to transmit the name of the entity, to convert characters
in a string/note entity or to convert the Wilson-Fowler spline (2-D) into a cubic 3-D spline. The postproces-
sor can be directed to convert associativities into ICEM groups and/or ICEM sets. Also, the preprocessor
can be directed to convert ICEM NURBS curves and surfaces to IGES cubic parametric curves and sur-
faces, and to convert base (to be trimmed) surfaces of type NURBS into a format required by VDAIS (VDA
IGES subset).
The *CONVERT directive may be combined with the following objects:
CHARACTER To address characters in general notes, labels and in some

instances in texts of dimensions. This enables the user to 'cor-
rect' internal character representations of CAD/CAM systems
being directly output onto the IGES file. An example may be
the 'German Umlaut' (vowel change) character "A" ( = "Ae", A
with 2 dots on top) being encountered (wrongly) as "?A" on
the IGES file. Also, the postprocessor can be directed to gen-
erated texts in DDN as proportional text (variable spacing).
NAME To address the transmittal of the name of the entities.
NURBS_CURVE To address NURBS curves.
NURBS_SURFACE To address NURBS surfaces.
TRIMMED_NURBS_SURFACE or TRNS To address trimmed surfaces when the underlying surface is

type NURBS.
WILSON_FOWLER To address the Wilson-Fowler (2D) spline.
ASSOCIATIVITY To address associativities in the postprocessor.
COMPOSITE_CURVE To address composite curves in the postprocessor.
COPIOUS_DATA_FORM_123 To address copious data, form 1-3, in the postprocessor.
5.7.4.1 *CONVERT, CHARACTER Directive
The *CONVERT directive with the object CHARACTER will direct the translator to convert a character or a
sequence of 2 characters to another character or a sequence of characters. It can be used with the pre-
and the postprocessor. Up to 20 *CONVERT, CHARACTER directives can be included in the directive file.
The object CHARACTER will address the following parameter sequence (4 parameters), which must all be
specified (no defaults); additionally, the object CHARACTER may address the parameter PROPOR-
TIONAL, which is explained further below:
iges_font,iges_character,ddn_character_setname,ddn_character
The sequence of the parameters remains the same for pre- and postprocessing: the first two parameters
are always concerned with the IGES file, the last two parameters are always concerned with the ICEM part
file. The contents of the parameters is not validated by the translator. ’iges_font' can be set to any of the fol-
lowing:
43
ALL All IGES fonts will be included in the character conversion when the following parameter
(iges_character) matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the currently translated
string. This parameter is not valid for the preprocessor.
1 Only IGES font 1 will be included in the character conversion when the following parameter
(iges_character) matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the currently translated
string. During preprocessing this font will be generated on the IGES file, when the last two
parameters find a match in the ICEM part.
1001 Only IGES font 1001 will be included in the character conversion when the following
parameter (iges_character) matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the cur-
rently translated string. During preprocessing this font will be generated on the IGES file,
when the last two parameters find a match in the ICEM part.
when the last two parameters find a match in the ICEM part.
when the last two parameters find a match in the ICEM part. When VDAIS is selected, the
font 1003 will not be generated.
'iges_character' specifies the character or character sequence to be converted. The parameter is to be

specified in hexadecimal. During preprocessing, this will be the character (sequence) being generated on
the IGES file when the last two parameters find a match on the ICEM part.
'ddn_character_setname' specifies the character setname which will be assigned to a DDN string, when
the first two parameters find a match in an IGES note (postprocessing). During preprocessing, this param-
eter will be used as a match criterion, to decide whether a character conversion has to be performed or not.
'ddn_character_setname' can be set to any of the following:
ALL All ICEM DDN character setnames will be included in the character conversion when the
following parameter (ddn_character) matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the
currently translated string. This parameter is not valid for the postprocessor.
0000 Only the ICEM DDN character setname "0000" (DIN, generally generated by ICEM IGES)
will be included in the character conversion when the following parameter (ddn_character)
matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the currently translated string (preproc-
essing). During postprocessing this character setname will be generated on the ICEM part
file, when the first two parameters find a match on the IGES file.
CS02 Only the ICEM DDN character setname "CS02" (DIN, generally generated by ICEM DDN)
will be included in the character conversion when the following parameter (ddn_character)
matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the currently translated string (preproc-
essing). During postprocessing this character setname will be generated on the ICEM part
file, when the first two parameters find a match on the IGES file.
CS0B Only the ICEM DDN character setname "CS0B" (ANSI, generally generated by ICEM
DDN) will be included in the character conversion when the following parameter
(ddn_character) matches with a character (sequence) anywhere in the currently translated
string (preprocessing). During postprocessing this character setname will be generated on
the ICEM part file, when the first two parameters find a match on the IGES file.
44
CS01 Only the ICEM DDN character setname "CS01" will be included in the character conver-
sion when the following parameter (ddn_character) matches with a character (sequence)
anywhere in the currently translated string (preprocessing). During postprocessing this
character setname will be generated on the ICEM part file, when the first two parameters
find a match on the IGES file.
CS03 Please refer to the above explanation of character setname "CS01".
Examples:
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=1,2441,0000,5C41
Postprocessor (IGES to ICEM): All character sequences "?A" of font 1 within any string on the IGES file will
be converted to the character sequence "\A" (German vowel change character A) with character setname
"0000" on the ICEM part file.
Preprocessor (ICEM to IGES): All character sequences "\A" (German vowel change character A) with char-
acter setname "0000" within any string on the ICEM part file will be converted to the character sequence
"?A" with font 1 on the IGES file. If necessary, additional strings (with different fonts) will be created.
*CONV,CHAR=1,2F30,CS0B,5B59
The postprocessor will convert all character sequences of hexadecimal 2F30 (character "/0") of font 1 on
the IGES file into the character sequence 5B59 ("[Y") with character setname "CS0B". The character
sequence "[Y" represents the symbol diameter in DDN with the ANSI drafting standard.
*CONV,CHAR=1,2F30,0000,24
The postprocessor will convert all character sequences of hexadecimal 2F30 (character "/0") of font 1 on
the IGES file into the character 24 ("$") with character setname "0000". The character "$" represents the
symbol diameter in DDN with the DIN drafting standard.
5.7.4.2 *CONVERT Directive File Examples: IGES “%%” Characters
The following is a complete directives file to use if translation of an IGES file to an ANSI part shows unsus-
pected double-percent “%%” text strings.
$$ This is an ICEM iges_post directives file for ANSI.

$$ Usage :
$$ iges_post i=.... ds=a d=this_directives_file
$$
$$ Three-character sequences which are intended to mean
$$ special symbols (like %%P for plus/minus, or %%d for
$$ the degree symbol) are non-standard for IGES files.
$$
$$ When they are used, by certain obsolete translators,
$$ directive conversions must be supplied to tell the
$$ ICEM post-processor how to translate them into DDN.
$$
$$ The 2-digit codes below are all ASCII hexadecimal.
$$
45
$$ %C ---> [Y = Diameter
$$ %c ---> [Y = Diameter
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2543,CS0B,5B59
$$
$$ %D ---> [Z = Degree
$$ %d ---> [Z = Degree
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2544,CS0B,5B5A
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2564,CS0B,5B5A
$$
$$ %P ---> [D = Plus/Minus
$$ %p ---> [D = Plus/Minus
$$
$$ Each % character becomes space (blank),
$$ except in the combinations shown above.
$$ % ---> Space
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,25,CS0B,20
$$ End(ANSI)
The following is a complete directives file to use if translation of an IGES file to a DIN part shows unsus-
pected double-percent “%%” text strings.
$$ This is an ICEM iges_post directives file for DIN.

$$ Usage :
$$ iges_post i=.... ds=d d=this_directives_file
$$
$$ Three-character sequences which are intended to mean
$$ special symbols (like %%P for plus/minus, or %%d for
$$ the degree symbol) are non-standard for IGES files.
$$
$$ When they are used, by certain obsolete translators,
$$ directive conversions must be supplied to tell the
$$ ICEM post-processor how to translate them into DDN.
$$
$$ The 2-digit codes below are all ASCII hexadecimal.
$$
$$ %C ---> Diameter
$$ %c ---> Diameter
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2543,0000,24
$$
$$ %D ---> Degree
$$ %d ---> Degree
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2544,0000,5F
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=ALL,2564,0000,5F
$$
$$ %P ---> Plus/Minus
$$ %p ---> Plus/Minus
$$
$$ Each % character becomes space (blank),
$$ except in the combinations shown above.
46
$$ % ---> Space
$$ End(DIN)
5.7.4.3 *CONVERT, CHARACTER=PROPORTIONAL Directive
The parameter PROPORTIONAL of the *CONVERT,CHARACTER directive directs the postprocessor to

assign the attribute proportional (variable spacing) to all ICEM DDN texts being generated.
Example:
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=PROPORTIONAL or as an abbreviation:
*CONV,CHAR=PROP
5.7.4.4 *CONVERT, NAME Directive
The object NAME of the *CONVERT directive directs the translator whether to (and how to) transmit the
name of the currently translated entity.
The preprocessor transmits the 70-character ICEM entity name of the currently translated entity into the 8-
character name field (field 18, Entity Label field) of the IGES file's DE section. The last 62 characters of the
ICEM entity's name are stripped off. The parameters YES and LABEL/SUBSCRIPT cause the same action
for the preprocessor.
The postprocessor transmits the 8-character IGES entity name to the 70-character ICEM entity name
(label), using two different optional methods.
• If YES is the parameter, 62 blank characters are added at the end. A check is made to ensure a unique
name on the ICEM part. If necessary, a unique number is added to the end of the name. If this name
exists already on the ICEM part, the currently translated entity receives no name.
• If LABEL/SUBSCRIPT is the parameter, the IGES entity Label Subscript Number (DE section field 19) is
added to the end of the name. For instance, SURFACE in field 18, together with either 1234 or 5 in field
19, would result in ICEM names SURFACE1234 or SURFACE5, respectively.
The object NAME may address the following parameters:
YES The name of the entities is transmitted. For the postprocessor, the entity's DE name
(label) field is used by itself if it is unique in the file. If no parameter is specified, this
has the same meaning as YES.
LABEL/SUBSCRIPT The name of the entities is transmitted. For the preprocessor, this has the same
effect as YES. For the postprocessor, the entity's DE name (label) field is used in
conjunction with the entity's DE subscript number field to produce unique ICEM
names. This is the preferred option when the input IGES file has entity-type default
names assigned to the entities (for example, all circles are named CIRCLE).
NO The name of the entities is not transmitted. This is the translator's default.
Examples:
*CONVERT,NAME=YES same as *CONVERT,NAME

*CONVERT,NAME=LABEL same as *CONV,NAME=LABEL/SUBSCRIPT
47
5.7.4.5 *CONVERT Directives Relating to NURBS (B-spline) Geometry
The objects NURBS_CURVE and NURBS_SURFACE of the *CONVERT directive may address the follow-
ing parameters:
NONE ICEM NURBS are translated to IGES rational B-splines (unless a *SKIP or *SELECT
directive prevents translation).
EXACT ICEM NURBS that are nonrational and of a degree lower than 4 are converted to IGES
cubic parametric elements. All NURBS not meeting these attributes are translated to
IGES rational B-splines.
The objects TRIMMED_NURBS_SURFACE and TRNS address the following parameter:
VDAIS or VDA The ICEM trimming curves (both 2-D parameter space and 3-D) represented by the
ICEM entity loop (type 55) are converted into IGES composite curves with B-splines
as subcurves according to VDAIS.
Examples:
*CONVERT,NURBS_CURVE=NONE The IGES preprocessor translates ICEM NURBS curves into

IGES rational B-splines.
*CONVERT,NURBS_SURFACE=EXACT The IGES preprocessor converts only NURBS surfaces with

the attributes Nonrational and Degree Less Than 4 to para-
metric cubic surfaces. All other types of NURBS surfaces are
translated into IGES rational B-spline surfaces.
*CONVERT,TRNS=VDA The IGES preprocessor translates ICEM trimming curves of

type 55 into IGES composite curves with B-splines as sub-
curves according to VDAIS.
NOTE:
1. The *SELECT,SUBSET=Gx (x = 2 or 3) automatically implies the conversion of NURBS for the pre-
processor (see previous Selectable Subsets section). NURBS with the attributes Rational and Degree
Greater Than 3 are skipped. However, conversion *CONVERT,NURBS_CURVE=NONE or *CON-
VERT,NURBS_SURFACE=NONE.
2. VDAIS (VDA IGES subset) is an IGES subset defined by the VDA (Association of German Automobile
Industry) to restrict certain types of IGES entities for practical use.
5.7.4.6 *CONVERT, WILSON_FOWLER_SPLINE Directive
The object WILSON_FOWLER_SPLINE of the *CONVERT directive addresses the parameter:
48
CUBIC_SPLINE The translator will convert splines of type "Wilson-Fowler" (2-D splines) to cubic
splines (3-D splines) with a depth of 0. For the postprocessing, this may improve accu-
racy. It also has been noticed that some third party CAD/CAM systems are not able to
handle the IGES Wilson-Fowler spline. For those systems the ICEM IGES translator is
able to generate only cubic splines on the IGES file.
Example:
*CONVERT,WILSON_FOWLER_SPLINE=CUBIC_SPLINE
5.7.4.7 *CONVERT, ASSOCIATIVITY Directive
The object ASSOCIATIVITY of the *CONVERT directive specifies how IGES type 402, forms 1, 7, 9 (except
planes), and 13 through 16, entities are to be translated. It addresses the following parameters:
GROUP Translates these associativities into ICEM type 15, form 1

groups. Entity types not allowed in ICEM groups and entities
belonging to more than seven associativities are excluded
from a group.
SET Translates these associativities into ICEM type 44 sets. Enti-

ties belonging to more than one associativity are included in
only one set.
COMBINATION Translates these associativities into ICEM type 15, form 1

groups unless (1) they have more than 240 members, or (2)
they contain an entity type(s) that is not allowed in ICEM
groups. In the latter two cases, they are translated into type
44 sets. This is the default.
Example:
*CONVERT,ASSOCIATIVITY=SET
5.7.4.8 *CONVERT,COMPOSITE_CURVE Directive
The object COMPOSITE_CURVE of the *CONVERT directive specifies how IGES type 102 Composite
Curve entities are to be translated. It addresses the following parameters:
COMPOSITE To translate an IGES Composite Curve to an ICEM Compos-

ite Curve. If this is not possible, the IGES Composite Curve
is not translated at all. This is the default.
METACURVE To translate an IGES Composite Curve to an ICEM Meta-

curve.
Example:
*CONVERT,COMPOSITE_CURVE=METACURVE
49
5.7.5 *DEBUG Directive
5.7.4.9 *CONVERT,COPIOUS_DATA_FORM_123 Directive
The object COPIOUS_DATA_FORM_123 of the *CONVERT directive specifies how IGES type 106, form 1,
2 or 3 entities are to be translated. It addresses the following parameters:
POINT To translate each IGES Copious Data entity form 1, 2, or 3

into ICEM DDN Point entities. This is the default.
CURVE To translate each IGES Copious Data entity form 1, 2, or 3

into an ICEM DDN Machining Curve entity. This is the way
the similar form 11, 12, or 13 IGES Copious Data entities are
translated.
Examples:
*CONVERT,COPIOUS_DATA_FORM_123=CURVE
*Con,Cop=Cur
5.7.5 *DEBUG Directive
The *DEBUG directive generates information which can be used to debug corrupt data files or an unsatis-
factory translation. The use of the *DEBUG directive should be restricted to the use of debugging only,
because it increases the translation time significantly. The debug information can be used to identify entities
causing a translation problem. The identified entities can be removed from the data file - by editing or by
using the *SKIP directive.
The *DEBUG directive may combined with the following objects:
ATTRIBUTES The postprocessor will generate the IGES file Directory Entry card number as an attribute
name for the corresponding ICEM entity. This creates a relation between the IGES and the
generated ICEM entities.
The object ATTRIBUTES is ignored by the preprocessor.
LIST The translation list file will contain information about the entity currently being translated.
Examples:
*DEBUG,ATTRIBUTES
*DEBUG,LIST
5.7.6 *DEFINE Directive
You can use this directive to redefine the level of the entities you selected. You specify a range of levels,
which then change to the new level you specified.
You can also use this directive to:
• Define tolerances used during translation of trimmed surfaces from IGES to ICEM DDN.
• Specify whether to translate ICEM DDN trimmed surfaces (type 27) to IGES type 144 or type 143 enti-
ties.
50
• Define tolerance and other related options for translating NURBS (B-spline) curves and surfaces to
ICEM DDN.
• Change incorrect parameterization of trimmed surfaces of revolution from unitized to natural.
• Specify whether to change IGES model space units to real world units.
5.7.6.1 *DEFINE,LEVEL Directive
The syntax for the *DEFINE,LEVEL directive deviates from the general syntax of the other directives. The
*DEFINE,LEVEL directive follows the format:
*DEFINE,LEVEL=parameter1,parameter2,parametern=new level
Examples:
*DEF,LEVEL=0=12 All selected entities having level 0 are changed to level 12.
*DEF,LEVEL=1,5>>>7,9=10 All selected entities having level 1, 5, 6, 7, or 9 are changed

to level 10.
*DEF,LEVEL=MIN>>>MAX=123 All selected entities receive level 123, no matter what their
level was.
5.7.6.2 *DEFINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS Directive
The *DEFINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS directive is used to specify whether IGES file Global param-
eter 13 should have any effect on translation to DDN. This model space scale is the ratio of model space to
real world space. For example, 0.125 indicates a ratio of 1 model space unit to 8 real world units. The
default is to translate the IGES data model into DDN unchanged.
The *DEFINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS directive allows you to specify either of the following param-
eters:
-1.0 Negative one is the default setting, which is the same as not using this directive at all. It indi-
cates that no model space scale change should occur based on the 13th Global parameter
value.
NOTE
This default is the recommended option, since most IGES files that use a scale different from 1.0 seem to
include it for informational purposes, and not with the intent to have an effect on translation.
1.0 Positive 1.0 indicates that the model space scale value in the Global section of the IGES file should
be interpreted as specifying a change to be applied to the IGES entity data as it is translated to
DDN.
51
5.7.6.3 *DEFINE,TOLERANCE and *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE Directives
The *DEFINE,TOLERANCE directive lets you define a 3D tolerance used for point coincidence and conti-
guity checking of standard geometry and B-splines. An example is the tolerance used to determine whether
an ellipse will be defined as closed (full 360 degrees) or open. If the *DEFINE,TOLERANCE is not speci-
fied, the corresponding tolerance is defaulted to parameter #19 in the Global section, minimum resolution. If
Global #19 is not between the values 1.0 and 1.e-12 then the default value of 1.e-4 is used.
The *DEFINE,TOLERANCE may be used to specify a larger general tolerance if the post-processor dis-
plays the following message (about B-splines) on the translation list file.
WARNING 386 ADJACENT SEGMENTS HAVE A LARGER DISTANCE THAN

PARAM. 19 OF GLOBAL SECT.
The *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directive lets you define a 3D tolerance used for the check on contigu-
ity and closeness of loops. Loops are trimming curves in the uv-space of surfaces. The parameter of the
*DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directive is used to determine whether a loop is closed and contiguous. If
not closed, a trimmed surface (also called "face") cannot be generated. If the
*DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directive is not specified, the corresponding tolerance is defaulted to 1.e-1.
The *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directive may be used to specify a larger trimming loop "gap" tolerance
if ICEM DDN prompts "CONVERSION PROBLEMS DETECTED" and displays either of the following mes-
sages when the ASCII part file is first brought in as the working part.
BOUNDARY LOOP IS NOT CONTIGUOUS

BOUNDARY LOOP IS NOT CLOSED
Both *DEFINE,TOLERANCE and *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directives allow you to specify the follow-
ing parameters:
IGES The value for the addressed tolerance is obtained from the IGES file Global section
parameter 19, the minimum user-intended resolution.
x.xxx The value for the addressed tolerance is set to the number x.xxx. The format of the
number x.xxx may be one of the following: integer, real, exponential with or without
decimal point. The number x.xxx has no unit; the unit is obtained from the IGES file
Global section parameter 14, unit flag. The contents of the unit flag is listed on the
translation list file.
5.7.6.4 *DEFINE,IGES_TRIMMED_SURFACES Directive
The *DEFINE,IGES_TRIMMED_SURFACES directive is used to specify which IGES entity type is written
when translating ICEM DDN type 27 trimmed surface entities. The options are to use IGES type 144 enti-
ties, or the newer type 143 entities.
The *DEFINE,IGES_TRIMMED_SURFACES directive allows you to specify either of the following parame-
ters:
144 Translate DDN type 27 trimmed surface entities to the IGES "Trimmed (Parametric)
Surface" type 144 entities, and the DDN type 55 loop entities to the IGES "Curve on
Parametric Surface" type 142 entities. This is the default setting.
52
143 Translate DDN type 27 trimmed surface entities to the IGES "Bounded Surface" type
143 entities, and the DDN type 55 loop entities to the IGES "Boundary" type 141 enti-
ties.
Examples:
*DEFINE,IGES_TRIMMED_SURFACES=143
*Def,IGES=143
5.7.6.5 *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV Directive
The *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV directive is used to indicate whether the parameterization of trimmed sur-
faces of revolution will be converted from unitized (this is non-standard on IGES files) to the correct natural
representation of the surface. (There is no provision to go from natural to unitized, as this is non-standard.)
The conversion is applied to each 2D trimming curve in the parameter space (domain) of a Surface of Rev-
olution (Type 120) which is trimmed by a Trimmed Surface (Type 144) or Bounded Surface (Type 143) on
the IGES file. The curves are converted so that a curve point (u, v) in the unit square (u and v between 0
and 1) is transformed to a point with coordinates in u and v ranges as described in the IGES Specification.
The *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV directive should be used for translating IGES files whose trimmed sur-
faces of revolution are all written incorrectly with their 2D trimming curves mapped into the unit square. Use
this directive with parameter 1.0 if you suspect such a problem. Also, try using this directive if post-process-
ing without it has produced trimmed surfaces of revolution in DDN that you think are incorrect. If unitized
parameter space data was the problem, then this directive will fix it. Another symptom that this problem may
produce is the ICEM DDN prompt "CONVERSION PROBLEMS DETECTED" and the message "INVALID
2D CURVE DATA" when the ASCII part file is first brought in as the working part.
The *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV directive allows you to specify either of the following parameters:
-1.0 Negative one is the default setting which is the same as not using this directive at all. It
indicates that no change in parameterization should occur. This default is the recom-
mended option, because of several improvements to processing by DDN of incorrect
Trimmed Surface data.
1.0 Positive 1.0 indicates that unitized parameters of trimmed surfaces of revolution will be
converted to the natural representation of the surface.
5.7.6.6 *DEFINE Directive Options for Postprocessing NURBS Geometry
The following *DEFINE options allow you to control translation of B-spline (NURBS) curve and surface
geometry from IGES to ICEM DDN:
• BSP_RED_TOL (Usage: *define,BSP_RED_TOL=n.nn)

This directive option activates the NURBS segment reduction feature by which the IGES Postprocessor
removes breakpoints from NURBS curve and surface geometry. This directive places an upper bound
on the deviation between the original and the reduced geometry.
• MAX_BSP_SEG (Usage: *define,MAX_BSP_SEG=nn)
53
This directive option also activates the NURBS segment reduction feature. The directive forces reduc-
tion of NURBS curve and surface geometry to the specified number of segments. This directive over-
rides the BSP_RED_TOL directive (if specified), but a warning is output if the tolerance is violated.
• BSS_ALLOW_SING (Usage: *define,BSS_ALLOW_SING=1 or –1)
This directive allows the IGES Postprocessor to output NURBS surfaces that have singularities due to
coincident control points. The default of –1 causes such singular surfaces to be skipped.
• CREATE_310_PART (Usage: *define,CREATE_310_PART=1 or –1)
This directive allows the 3.2 (or higher) IGES Postprocessor to create a 3.1 compatible ASCII part file.
The NURBS segment reduction is used to ensure that NURBS geometry conforms to DDN 3.1 limits on
numbers of segments and control points. The default of –1 causes a part of the current (3.2 or higher)
release level to be produced.
• CONVERT_TSF_TO_BSP (Usage: *define,CONVERT_TSF_TO_BSP=1,2,3 or –1)
When this directive is used with parameter value 1, all 3-D boundary curves of DDN trimmed surfaces
are converted to NURBS.
When this directive is used with parameter value 2, the underlying surface of DDN trimmed surfaces is
converted to NURBS.
When this directive is used with parameter value 3, both conversions (boundary curves and underlying
surfaces) are carried out.
When this directive is used with parameter value –1, no conversions are done. The parameter –1 (no
conversion) is the default.
NOTE
Either defaulting of this directive option, or using it, creates a part variable CVT_TS defined in the
ASCII part file. This value is used by ICEM DDN when the part is first brought in as the working part.
5.7.6.7 *DEFINE Values Created on ASCII Part File as Part Variables
The values for the tolerances and parameterization indicator (either defaulted or specified by directive) are
written to the ASCII part file by the postprocessor as values of the variables TOL_3D, TOL_19, and
REV_01. The CONVERT_TSF_TO_BSP parameter is written to the ASCII part file as the value of the part
variable CVT_TS.
These values appear as a Type 16 Part Variables entity as follows:
16 1 1 9 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 4
TOL_3D
TOL_19
REV_01
CVT_TS
5 6 a.aaa b.bbb cc dd
A typical last line would be:
5 6 0.0123456789 0.0111111111 -1 2
54
5.7.7 *DS Directive
The LOOP_TOLERANCE and TOL_3D correspond to a.aaa, the TOLERANCE and TOL_19 correspond to
b.bbb, the UNIT_TRIM_REV and REV_01 correspond to cc, and the CONVERT_TSF_TO_BSP and
CVT_TS correspond to dd. The TOL_19 value shows the value actually used during the postprocessor run.
The other three values are used by ICEM DDN when the ASCII part is first brought in as the working part.
The ASCII part file may be edited to change these three values, or the postprocessor may be re-run with
other directive options/values specified.
Examples:
*DEFINE,TOLERANCE=.2
*DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE=IGES
*define,loop_tol=1
*define,tol=1.e-3
*DEF,LOO=1E-2
*DEFINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD_UNITS=-1
*define,unit_trim_rev=-1.0
*DEFINE,UNI=1.0
*Define,Bsp_Red_Tol=0.123456789
*Define,Max_Bsp_Seg=39
*DEF,MAX=39
*Define,Bss_Allow_S=-1
*Define,Create_310_=+1
*Define,Convert_Tsf=2
NOTE
The five NURBS translation control options can be abbreviated to a minimum of 3 characters. The same is
true for tolerance, loop_tolerance, unit_trim_rev, and change_to_world_units.
5.7.7 *DS Directive
The *DS directive controls the drafting standard that the IGES postprocessor should use. This directive
may be specified only once. The default is specified as a parameter on the IGES_POST command.
Examples:
*DS=A Indicates ANSI drafting/dimensioning standard.
*DS=D Indicates DIN drafting/dimensioning standard.
5.7.8 *ENDAND Directive
This directive terminates the AND block initiated by the *BEGINAND directive. If you do not specify this
directive after entering a *BEGINAND directive, the AND block includes all subsequent directives through to
the end of the directive file.
For more details, please refer to the *BEGINAND directive.
55
5.7.9 *ENDSTS Directive
5.7.9 *ENDSTS Directive
This directive marks the end of a block containing information to be written into the start section of the IGES
file. If this directive is omitted, all directives subsequently specified through to the end of the directive file will
be read as text to be written into the start section.
For more details, please refer to the *SETSTS directive.
5.7.10 *EXCLUDE (*SKIP) Directive
The *EXCLUDE directive excludes the specified entities from the translation. Entities you do not specify
with the *EXCLUDE directive are selected for translation. If the directive file does not contain any
*EXCLUDE directive, all entities are selected for the translation process. Once an *EXCLUDE directive
encountered in the directive file, any (following) *INCLUDE directive does not make sense, because exclud-
ing certain entities from the translation process, automatically means including all others.
The *EXCLUDE directive can be combined with the following objects:
• IGES entity numbers

• ICEM entity numbers
• IGES Directory Entry (DE) numbers
• Level
• Subset of entity numbers
• Names
• Pen
• Blanked/unblanked status
NOTE
The entity types Drawing, View, Matrix, and View-visible (402, 3) are always translated.
Examples:
*EXCLUDE,106(1) Only Copious Data Form 1 from the IGES file are NOT trans-
lated; all other entity types are translated.
*EXCLUDE,2 Only (straight) lines from ICEM (the DDN PART data) are
NOT translated; all other entity types are translated.
*SKIP, BLANK Exclude blanked entities.
*EXCLUDE,DE=321 Exclude the IGES entity with DE 321, if it is an independent

parent entity, along with any dependent entities.
*EXCLUDE,DE=100>>>505 Exclude all IGES parent entities with DE numbers between

100 and 505, inclusive, along with all of their dependent enti-
ties.
56
5.7.11 *IDENTIFY Directive
5.7.11 *IDENTIFY Directive
The *IDENTIFY directive directs the postprocessor to translate some entity types differently than usual. The
entity type addressed is specified by the directive's object. The objects of this directive do not refer to any
parameter. The *IDENTIFY directive is only applicable to the postprocessor and has been mainly designed
to support the ICEM Parametric Modeler (IPM), but can also be applied to influence the translation of any
other IGES file if appropriate. The following entity types/objects can be specified:
ALTERNATE_PART_NAME To address the alternate part name (3rd parameter of the

IGES file's global section). This part name is used for the
name in the ICEM part file instead of parameter 12 of the
IGES file's global section.
IPM_PLANE To address the Z-coordinate of the plane entity. Specifying

the *IDENTIFY directive with this object directs the postproc-
essor to negate the Z-coordinate of all plane entities –
besides the ones used for view clipping.
IPM_BOUNDED_PLANE To address the visibility of bounded planes and the depend-

ency of its members. Specifying this object causes the post-
processor to set the visibility of all bounded planes to the vis-
ibility of the outer boundary curve and to translate the outer
boundary curve only in conjunction with the bounded plane.
IPM_TRIMMED_SURFACE To address the inclusion of trimmed surfaces into the transla-

tion process independently of whether they are unreferenced
and dependent or not, and to address the visibility of
trimmed surfaces and the dependency of the base (to be
trimmed) surface. Specifying this object, causes the post-
processor to include all trimmed surfaces into the translation
process as soon as they are encountered on the IGES file,
also, the visibility as taken from the base surface and the
base surface is translated only in conjunction with the
trimmed surface.
5.7.12 *INCLUDE (*SELECT) Directive
The *INCLUDE directive includes the specified entities in the translation process. If you do not specify any
*INCLUDE directive, all entities are selected for translation. You can combine the *INCLUDE directive with
the same objects as the *EXCLUDE directive. Once an *INCLUDE directive has been encountered in the
directive file, any (following) *EXCLUDE directive does not make sense, because including certain entities
into the translation process, automatically means excluding all others.
Example:
*include,de=55,123 Include the 2 entities having directory entries 55 and 123

(provided they are parent entities), along with their depend-
ent entities.
*INCLUDE,LEVEL=22 Include entities on level 22.
57
5.7.13 *SCALE Directive
5.7.13 *SCALE Directive
The *SCALE directive scales arrows (leader arrow heads) and texts from model space into drawing space
(preprocessor) or from drawing space into model space (postprocessor). In ICEM texts and arrows are
defined in model space; they are related to a view and change their displayed size with the scale of the
related view. There are CAD systems which relate the arrows and texts (and annotation in general) to the
view layout (drawing) – when the scale (size) of a view is changed, all annotation retains its size. A prereq-
uisite for the functioning of this directive is that the ICEM part contains a view layout or the IGES file con-
tains the corresponding drawing entity. The *SCALE directive can be applied to the pre- and postprocessor.
The *SCALE directive can be combined with the following objects:
ARROWS To address leader arrow heads.
TEXTS To address texts, that is, general notes, dimension texts.
The above objects, ARROWS and TEXTS, may address the following parameters:
YES The object is scaled from model space to drawing space (preprocessor), or from
drawing space to model space (postprocessor) by the view scale.
NO No scaling is performed. This is the default function of the IGES translator.
Examples:
*SCALE,ARROWS=YE All leader arrow heads are scaled into the appropriate model space or drawing
S space.
*SCALE,TEXTS=YES All texts are scaled into the appropriate model space or drawing space.
*SCALE,TEXTS=NO No scaling for texts is performed.
5.7.14 *SELECT (*INCLUDE) Directive
The *SELECT directive has the same functionality as the *INCLUDE directive (selecting/ including entities
in the translation process). For more details, refer to the *INCLUDE directive.
5.7.15 *SETSTS Directive
This directive marks the start of information to be written into the start section of the IGES file. The text for
the start section must not exceed 100 lines. As an additional option, you can specify the name of a file. This
file is written into the start section, following the text specified after the *SETSTS directive.
The VDAIS header can be merged into the IGES file using this directive. To enter header information into
the IGES file start section, it is also referred to the H-parameter of the ICEM IGES preprocessor execution
command.
58
5.7.16 *SKIP (*EXCLUDE) Directive
The *ENDSTS directive marks the end of a block started by the *SETSTS directive. If this directive is omit-
ted, all directives subsequently specified through to the end of the directive file will be read as text to be
written into the start section.
Examples:
*SETSTS
Insert your lines of text to be written into the start section of

the IGES file.
*ENDSTS
*SETSTS=$HOME/header_file
Insert additional lines of text to be written into the start section of

the IGES file.
*ENDSTS
5.7.16 *SKIP (*EXCLUDE) Directive
The *SKIP directive has the same functionality as the *EXCLUDE directive (excluding/skipping entities from
the translation process). Please refer to the *EXCLUDE directive for more details.
59
6 Translator Output
6 Translator Output
The IGES translator produces a list file that contains information about error messages. The IGES transla-
tor also writes a summary table at the end of the file. An example list file produced by an IGES translation
follows.
*******************************************************
**** ****
* ICEM IGES *
* 3.4 *
* *
* IGES TO ICEM DDN PART TRANSLATOR *
* COPYRIGHT ICEM TECHNOLOGIES *
* 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, *
* 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, *
* 1998 *
**** ****
*******************************************************
PARTNAME:
IGES PART
TRANSLATION DATE: 1998/12/12 TIME: 12:34:56
*******************************************************
*******************************************************
*** DIRECTIVES: ***
*******************************************************
$$ SELECT ONLY B-SPLINE CURVES AND SURFACES
$$ FOR THIS TRANSLATION.
*SELECT,126
*SELECT,128
*******************************************************
*** END OF DIRECTIVES ***
*******************************************************
IGES MESSAGE 278

ANSI DRAFTING STANDARD REQUESTED/DEFINED
*******************************************************
COUNTS OF TRANSLATED ENTITY TYPES
-------------------------------------------------------
IGES ENTITIES READ
...........................*...........................
NAME (TYPE) : COUNT * NAME (TYPE) : COUNT
...........................*...........................
CONIC ARC (104) : 1 * LINE (110) : 1
PAR SPL CV (112) : 6 * TRF MATRIX (124) : 2
R B-SPL CV (126) : 54 * R B-SPL SF (128) : 24
-------------------------------------------------------
SUM OF IGES ENTITIES READ: 88
=======================================================
ICEM DDN ENTITIES GENERATED
...........................*...........................
NAME (TYPE) : COUNT * NAME (TYPE) : COUNT
...........................*...........................
60
6 Translator Output
COP DATA ( 14) : 78 * VARIABLE ( 16) : 1

NURBS SURF ( 26) : 24 * NURBS CURV ( 31) : 54
-------------------------------------------------------
SUM OF ICEM DDN ENTITIES GENERATED: 157
=======================================================
*******************************************************
Informative and error messages for the IGES preprocessor have the following general format:
[FATAL ERROR]
IGES [WARNING ] xxx
[MESSAGE ]
Error message statement
DDN PART ENTITY SEQUENCE NUMBER yyy; ENTITY TYPE zzz
Parameter Description
xxx Message number
yyy Entity sequence number
zzz Entity type number
The informative and error messages for the IGES postprocessor have the following general format:
[FATAL ERROR]
IGES [WARNING ]xxx
[MESSAGE ]
Error message statement
[START CARD NUMBER aaa ]

[GLOBAL CARD NUMBER bbb; PARAMETER fff ]
[DIRECTORY ENTRY CARD NUMBER ccc; FIELD dd ]
[PARAMETER DATA CARD NUMBER eee; PARAMETER fff]
[TERMINATE CARD ]
Parameter Description
xxx Message number
aaa Start card number
bbb Global card number
ccc Directory entry card number
dd Field number
eee Parameter data card number
fff Parameter number
61
6.1 Error Messages
6.1 Error Messages
Table 6-1 describes the DDN PART-to-IGES and IGES-to-DDN PART error, information, and warning mes-
sages.
Table 15 Error, Information, and Warning Messages (Sorted by Error ID)
Class1 Error Message Description

ID2
W 1 NO VALID ENTITIES FOR GROUP OR There are no valid entities in the group or
COMPOSITE CURVE composite curve being processed.
W 2 ILLEGAL ICEM DDN ENTITY NUMBER The ICEM entity number is either out of
the legal range (1 to 50), or is one of the
reserved entity types.
W 4 EXCESS DATA ON PARAMETER DATA Too many parameters are specified for an
CARD entity in the IGES file.
W 5 UNITS FLAG UNSUPPORTED OR The units supported are 1 = inches and 2

INVALID; WILL USE FLAG 1 (INCHES) = millimeters.
W 6 INVALID PARAMETER IN GENERAL The general note parameter to which the

NOTE message points is out of range.
W 7 TEXT STRING CHARACTER COUNT IS The number of characters in an IGES text

LARGER THAN EXPECTED string is more than the count given for the
string. The full string is used. EXAMPLE:
A count of 4 given for 5HGRUEN.
W 8 INVALID TRANSFORMATION MATRIX Only transformation matrices of form 0

FORM NUMBER are translated.
W 11 BAD GLOBAL DATA A data field in the global card is either

missing or of the wrong type.
I 12 TEMPLATE NOT IMPLEMENTED Template ICEM-to-IGES mapping is not

translated.
I 13 COMPOSITE TOOL PATH NOT IMPLE- Composite toolpath ICEM-to-IGES map-

MENTED ping is not translated.
I 14 CURVE MESH SURFACE NOT IMPLE- Curve mesh ICEM-to-IGES mapping is

MENTED not translated.
I 15 FILLET SURFACE NOT IMPLEMENTED Fillet surface ICEM-to-IGES mapping is

not translated.
I 16 N/C UTILITY ENTITY NOT IMPLE- N/C utility entity ICEM-to-IGES mapping
MENTED is not translated.
F 17 INVALID PARAMETER DELIMITER DEF- The data in the parameter delimiter field
INITION either is not a character string or is more
than one character long.
F 18 INVALID LINE DELIMITER DEFINITION The data in the line delimiter field either is
not a character string or is more than one
character long.
I 21 COMPOSITE SURFACE NOT DEFINED The member surfaces of the DDN com-
BY IGES; SUBSURFACES TRANS- posite surface are translated to IGES as
LATED AS BLANKED blanked entities.
62
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 22 CURVE DRIVEN SURFACE NOT IMPLE- Curve driven surface ICEM-to-IGES map-
F 23 SYSTEM ERROR; INVALID SEQUENCE An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
NUMBER lators. Consult your site analyst.
W 24 INVALID UNIT FLAG IN GLOBAL SEC- The units flag is not valid; inches will be
TION; WILL USE INCHES used.
I 25 LEADER COUNT EXCEEDS MAXIMUM The IGES translators impose a maximum

of 20 leader arrows for a dimension entity.
W 26 INVALID NUMBER OF LEADERS The number of leaders is invalid for the

dimension entity currently being proc-
essed.
W 27 INVALID GENERATRIX TYPE FOR SUR- The curve type to be revolved must be
FACE OF REVOLUTION either line, arc, conic, spline, composite
curve of these, or linear-path copious
data (forms 11, 12, and 63).
W 28 INVALID DIRECTRIX TYPE FOR TABU- The directrix type for a tabulated cylinder
LATED CYLINDER must be either line, arc, conic, spline,
composite curve of these, or linear-path
copious data (forms 11, 12, and 63).
W 29 INVALID NUMBER OF GLOBAL SEC- The number of parameters in the global

TION PARAMETERS section of the IGES file does not meet the
IGES specifications.
W 30 NO FILE NAME IN GLOBAL SECTION; The IGES translators use parameter 4 of

PART NAME DEFAULTED TO IGES the IGES global section to create the part
name recognized by ICEM.
W 31 ICEM DDN VECTOR ENTITY TRANS- The ICEM vector entity is translated to
LATED TO COMPOSITE CURVE the IGES composite curve entity.
I 32 POINT TO POINT MACHINING NOT Point to point machining ICEM-to-IGES

IMPLEMENTED mapping is not translated.
I 33 LATHE PROFILE/POCKET/ 3-AXIS/5- Lathe profile/pocket/3-axis/5-axis end

AXIS END CUTTING NOT IMPLE- cutting ICEM-to-IGES mapping is not
MENTED translated.
I 34 TOOL NOT IMPLEMENTED Tool ICEM-to-IGES mapping is not trans-

lated.
W 35 ILLEGAL IGES ENTITY NUMBER An entity number was found on the IGES
file for which no valid IGES entity exists.
W 36 MACHINING CURVE TRANSLATED TO The ICEM machining curve entity is

COPIOUS DATA translated to the IGES copious data
entity.
W 37 SECTION LINING MATERIAL WAS The ICEM sectioning material is not

MAPPED TO COPIOUS DATA FORM 31 known in IGES.
(IRON)
W 38 OUT OF VIRTUAL MEMORY. SET NOT Out of memory. Cannot translate the set.
TRANSLATED.
I 40 SYSTEM ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED System entity ICEM-to-IGES mapping is

not translated.
63
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 42 INVALID DIRECTORY ENTRY POINTER An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
lators (possibly an IGES file error). Con-
sult your site analyst.
I 45 INVALID TRANSFORMATION MATRIX The transformation matrix of an entity in a

FOR ENTITY IN DRAWING drawing is invalid.
F 46 INVALID RELEASE/REVISION NUMBER The IGES version 3.0 translators process

only DDN PART data created by ICEM
Version 2.1 and later.
W 47 INVALID SPECIAL GROUP SYNTAX The ICEM-to-IGES translator encoun-

tered invalid syntax for the special form
group. Consult your site analyst.
W 48 INVALID NUMBER OF DATA POINTS IN The number of data points in a witness

WITNESS LINE line must be an odd number. This number
must be twice the number of witness line
segments, plus one.
I 49 NUMBER OF WITNESS LINE SEG- The IGES translator imposes a maximum

MENTS EXCEEDS MAX OF 64 of 64 segments (63 line breaks) for an
IGES witness line entity.
W 50 INVALID SPECIAL GROUP FORM The ICEM-to-IGES translator encoun-

NUMBER tered a nonexistent special form group
number on the DDN PART data. Consult
your site analyst.
I 51 ASSOCIATIVITY DEFINITION NOT Associativity definition IGES-to-ICEM

I 52 LINE FONT NOT IMPLEMENTED Line font definition IGES-to-ICEM map-

(ALTERNATE FONT USED) ping is not translated.
I 53 MACRO DEFINITION NOT IMPLE- Macro definition IGES-to-ICEM mapping

MENTED is not translated.
I 54 SUBFIGURE CANNOT BE SUBORDI- A subfigure may be subordinate only to

NATE EXCEPT TO ANOTHER SUBFIG- another subfigure when mapping IGES to
URE ICEM.
I 55 TEXT FONT DEFINITION NOT IMPLE- Text font definition IGES-to-ICEM map-
W 56 DEPENDENT ENTITY FLAGGED AS An entity used as a dependent entity is

INDEPENDENT flagged as an independent entity.
W 57 INVALID LEADER ARROW FORM The valid IGES leader arrow form num-
NUMBER bers are 1 through 11.
I 58 PROPERTY NOT IMPLEMENTED Property IGES-to-ICEM mapping is not

translated.
W 59 ONLY 1 LEVEL NUMBER CAN BE USED The first of multiple levels in this property
FROM AN IGES DEFINITION LEVELS (Type 406, Form 1) is used as the DDN
PROPERTY level for every entity referencing this prop-
erty.
W 60 INVALID COPIOUS DATA INTERPRETA- The copious data interpretation flag must
TION FLAG be 1, 2, or 3.
64
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 61 MACRO INSTANCE NOT IMPLE- MACRO instance IGES-to-ICEM map-

W 62 ICEM DDN POINT SET ENTITY TRANS- The ICEM point set entity is translated to
LATED TO COMPOSITE CURVE the IGES composite curve entity.
W 63 ICEM DDN STRING ENTITY TRANS- The ICEM string entity is translated to the
LATED TO COMPOSITE CURVE IGES composite curve entity.
W 64 UNABLE TO DETERMINE THE CONIC The conic form is not an ellipse, parabola
FORM TYPE or hyperbola.
W 65 ASSOCIATIVITY INSTANCE FORM NOT Only associativity instance forms 1, 3, 4,

IMPLEMENTED 6, 7, and 9 can be processed.
W 69 STRING ENTITY CLUSTER COUNT If a string entity from ICEM has more than
TRUNCATED TO 256 256 clusters, only the first 256 are proc-
essed.
F 71 AN ERROR OCCURRED OPENING FILE An error occurred opening the file named
- in the list file's next line.
F 72 AN ERROR OCCURRED READING FILE An error occurred reading the file named
- in the list file's next line.
F 75 GOTOER CALLED An internal error exists in the IGES trans-

lators. Consult your site analyst.
F 76 INTERNAL SYSTEM ERROR INVALID An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
INDEX ON DDN PART FILE lators. Consult your site analyst.
F 77 INVALID TRANSFER COUNT An internal error exists in the IGES trans-

W 81 INVALID NUMBER OF START SECTION The actual number of start section cards
CARDS does not match the number reported on
the terminate card.
W 82 INVALID NUMBER OF GLOBAL SEC- The actual number of global section

TION CARDS cards does not match the number
reported on the terminate card.
W 83 INVALID NUMBER OF DE SECTION The actual number of directory entry sec-

CARDS tion cards does not match the number
W 84 INVALID NUMBER OF PD SECTION The actual number of parameter data

CARDS section cards does not match the number
F 85 MISSING OR INVALID TERMINATE SEC- The last card of an IGES file must be a
TION terminate section card.
W 86 PARAMETER DATA CRACKING ERROR An unrecognizable field or an invalid field

value was encountered in the parameter
data section of the IGES file.
W 88 CENTERLINE TRANSLATED TO COPI- The ICEM centerline entity is translated

OUS DATA to the IGES copious data entity.
F 89 SYSTEM ERROR; INVALID ICEM DDN An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
VIEW POINTER lators. Consult your site analyst.
65
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 91 ILLEGAL COPIOUS DATA FORM NOT The IGES translators translate all legal
IMPLEMENTED forms of the IGES copious data entity.
W 92 VECTOR FOUND WITH A MAGNITUDE A zero-length vector was encountered

OF ZERO during the IGES translation.
F 93 UNIT NUMBER ???? This message accompanies other mes-

sages. The specified file has an error.
W 94 NUMBER OF POINTS DEFINING The maximum number of points is 100 for

SPLINE EXCEEDS MAX a 2-D spline and 55 for a 3-D spline.
W 95 COMPOSITE CURVE MEMBERSHIP The IGES translators impose a maximum

TRUNCATED TO 100 of 100 members for a composite curve.
W 96 TWO CONSECUTIVE POINTS ON A Two consecutive points on a spline can-

SPLINE HAVE THE SAME COORDI- not be at the same location.
NATE
W 97 SPLINE TYPE IS OUT OF RANGE Invalid spline form.
W 98 REVERSED SUBENTITY; COMPOSITE The subcurve start and end points of the
CURVE TRANSLATED TO GROUP ICEM composite curve entity can be
reversed. IGES specifications do not per-
mit this reversal. ICEM composite curve
entities with one or more switched suben-
tities are translated to an IGES group, not
an IGES composite curve.
W 99 TOO MANY CHARACTERS IN NOTE; ICEM allows a maximum of 249 charac-

WILL TRUNCATE TO 249 CHARACTERS ters in a text string.
W 100 GENERAL NOTE FONT NOT SUP- The general note fonts supported are 1,
PORTED; WILL USE FONT 1001, 1002, and 1003. Any other font is
converted to font 1.
W 101 INVALID VIEW POINTER; ENTITY VISI- An entity in the IGES file points to an
BLE IN ALL VIEWS invalid view entity. The view entity pointer
is ignored and the entity becomes visible
in all views.
I 102 IGES VIEW XXX MAPPED TO ICEM The IGES view number xxx is mapped to
DDN VIEW YYY the ICEM view number yyy as a result of
the IGES translation.
W 103 CURVE NOT PERMITTED IN SUR- The allowable curve types in a surface
FACES entity are line, arc, conic, and spline.
W 104 ILLEGAL AXIS OF REVOLUTION The axis for a surface of revolution either
is not a line or is a line of zero length.
W 105 INVALID BASE ENTITY TYPE IN CIRCU- The base entity in a circular array must
LAR ARRAY be processed before the circular array.
W 106 INVALID BASE ENTITY TYPE IN REC- The base entity in a rectangular array
TANGULAR ARRAY must be processed before the rectangu-
lar array.
W 107 RULED SURFACE REPLACES DEVEL- The IGES translators convert a developa-
OPABLE SURFACE ble surface into a ruled surface.
I 108 INTERNAL SYSTEM ERROR An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
lators. Contact your site analyst.
66
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 109 INVALID CURVE TYPE FOR RULED The curve types used for ruled surface
SURFACE must be either line, arc, conic, spline,
composite curve of these, or linear-path
copious data (forms 11, 12, and 63).
W 110 INDEPENDENT PLANE ENTITY FORM – A form –1 plane entity is not translated
1 NOT TRANSLATED unless it is subordinate to an associativity
(type 402, form 9).
W 112 ZERO LENGTH DEFINING LINES FOR The lines defining an ICEM plane must
PLANE not both have zero length.
I 115 FINITE ELEMENT NOT IMPLEMENTED Finite element IGES-to-ICEM mapping is

not translated.
I 116 NODE NOT IMPLEMENTED Node IGES-to-ICEM mapping is not

translated.
W 117 OFFSET AND TRIMMED 2D SPLINE This form of the ICEM spline is not trans-
NOT IMPLEMENTED lated.
I 118 FLASH NOT IMPLEMENTED Flash IGES-to-ICEM mapping is not

translated.
W 122 ENTITY NOT TRANSLATED-INVALID An entity in the IGES file points to an

TRANSFORMATION MATRIX invalid transformation matrix. Neither the
entity nor the matrix is translated.
W 123 SPLINE KNOT VALUES TOO CLOSE Some knot parameter values for a spline
FOR USE IN DDN surface/curve are different, but too nearly
equal for use in ICEM DDN.
I 124 VERY CLOSE SPLINE KNOTS The knot parameter values referred to in
ADAPTED FOR DDN USE message 123 are successfully adapted
for use in ICEM DDN.
W 125 ENTITY NOT TRANSLATED-INVALID An entity in the IGES file was not trans-
SUBORDINATE ENTITY lated because of invalid subordinate
entity data.
W 128 SET PROCESSING ERROR, OR DATA Due to a problem with a DDN set entity,
ERROR IN A SET ENTITY ON DDN some or all of it may not be translated.
PART FILE
I 129 ASSOCIATIVITY ENTITIES COUNT An associativity entity with less than one
MUST BE >0 entity is not translated.
W 130 DRAWING ENTITY VIEW COUNT TRUN- ICEM limits the number of views in a
CATED TO 80 drawing to 80.
I 133 GENERAL LABEL FORM 3 CONICAL Form 3 of the ICEM general label entity
TAPER DIMENSION NOT IMPLE- (type 34) is not translated.
MENTED
I 134 GENERAL LABEL FORM 4 FLAT TAPER Form 4 of the ICEM general label entity
DIMENSION NOT IMPLEMENTED (type 34) is not translated.
I 135 CHAMFER DIMENSION IS TRANS- Form 5 of the ICEM general label entity
LATED AS A GENERAL LABEL (type 34) is translated like form 1.
I 136 ANGULAR DIMENSION FORM 3 ARC Form 3 of the ICEM angular dimension
LENGTH DIMENSION NOT IMPLE- entity (type 36) is not translated.
MENTED
67
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 137 ANGULAR DIMENSION FORM 4 Form 4 of the ICEM angular dimension

SHOULDERED ARC LENGTH DIMEN- entity (type 36) is not translated.
SION NOT IMPLEMENTED
I 138 GENERAL NOTE FORM 3 PARALLEL TO Form 3 of the ICEM general note entity
ARC NOT IMPLEMENTED (type 37) is not translated.
I 139 CENTERLINE FORM 3 DETAILED MAG- Form 3 of the ICEM centerline entity
NIFIED CENTERLINE NOT IMPLE- (type 38) is not translated.
MENTED
W 143 CENTERLINE FORM 2 BOLT CIRCLE Centerline bolt circle ICEM-to-IGES map-
NOT IMPLEMENTED ping is not translated.
I 145 SOLID PRIMITIVE NOT IMPLEMENTED Solid primitive ICEM-to-IGES mapping is

not translated.
I 146 DATA POINT SET NOT IMPLEMENTED Data point set ICEM-to-IGES mapping is
not translated.
I 147 DATA STRUCTURE SET NOT IMPLE- Data structure set ICEM-to-IGES map-
I 148 SCHEMATIC ELEMENT NOT IMPLE- Schematic element ICEM-to-IGES map-

I 149 SCHEMATIC CONNECT TABLE NOT Schematic connect table ICEM-to-IGES

I 150 LINE LENGTH ZERO; LINE NOT TRANS- The line startpoint and endpoint are the
LATED same.
I 151 DRAWING NOT TRANSLATED; NO There are no views and no annotation

VIEWS AND NO ANNOTATIONS entities in the drawing; it will not be trans-
lated.
I 152 INVALID NUMBER OF LEADER SEG- Leader arrows must have at least one
MENTS; LEADER NOT TRANSLATED segment for the leader tail.
W 153 CIRCULAR ARC RADIUS ZERO; ARC The radius of a circular arc must be
NOT TRANSLATED greater than zero.
W 154 SPLINE FORM 3 DETAIL MAGNIFY NOT Spline form 3 detail magnify ICEM-to-
IMPLEMENTED IGES mapping is not translated.
F 155 INTERNAL SYSTEM ERROR An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
W 156 SUBFIGURE IS PART OF A RECURSIVE Illegal recursive structure is detected in a

LOOP OF SUBFIGURES duplicate subfigure instance.
W 157 SCALE FACTOR = ZERO IN SUBFIG- Subfigure is not translated because scale
URE INSTANCE is not known.
W 158 INVALID COLOR NUMBER, SET TO Color numbers greater than 8 are
ZERO mapped to 0 (white) in ICEM.
W 159 NO SURROUNDING PLANE(S) FOR The clipping planes for an IGES view
VIEW were not provided.
W 160 PARAMETER HAS INVALID VALUE An invalid parameter value is given to the
translator program.
68
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 161 DRAWING SIZE CALCULATED FROM The size of the drawing was not provided.
CLIPPING PLANES OF VIEW The drawing size is calculated.
W 162 LAYOUT DRAWING PROCESSED A view layout is processed.
W 163 NUMBER OF VIEWS EXCEEDS MAXI- The number of views on the IGES file
MUM OF ICEM exceeds the ICEM limit of 420.
W 164 NUMBER OF MATRICES EXCEEDS The number of matrices on the IGES file
MAXIMUM OF ICEM exceeds the ICEM limit of 420.
W 165 ANGLE OUT OF RANGE, SET TO ZERO An angle is out of range, so it has to be
reset to zero.
W 167 ILLEGAL LENGTH OF TAB2 ON DDN TAB2 data in DDN PART data is cor-
PART FILE rupted.
W 168 ILLEGAL LENGTH OF TAB3 ON DDN TAB3 data in DDN PART data is cor-
PART FILE rupted.
W 169 BAD TAB2 DATA TAB2 data is corrupted.
W 170 BAD TAB3 DATA TAB3 data is corrupted.
W 171 ADDITIONAL VIEWS TO VIEWS IN LAY- A view not associated to a drawing is

OUT SELECTED translated.
I 173 NO LAYOUT/DRAWING IN DDN PART There is no view layout in DDN PART

data.
W 174 TOO MANY CHARACTERS IN HOL- Text string too long. String is truncated.
LERITH STRING
W 175 DRAWING ANNOTATIONS MAPPED TO A view is created for the drawing. All
DDN VIEW annotation is mapped to this view.
W 176 GEOMETRY GENERATED BY ICEM A view was created for the IGES drawing.
DDN MAY APPEAR IN THE VIEWS WITH Geometry added to the drawing, using
ANNOTATION ICEM, appears in this view.
W 177 GENERATED LAYOUT FROM DRAW- The IGES drawing may not be generating
ING MAY BE ERRONEOUS a correct layout.
W 178 EXCEEDS MAXIMUM OF 10 VIEWS A maximum of 10 views are allowed for

FOR DRAWING ANNOTATIONS drawing annotation.
W 179 FURTHER ANNOTATIONS OF DRAW- Subsequent annotation is skipped.

ING SKIPPED
F 180 INVALID MAX. SIGNIFICANT DIGITS The preprocessor maximum significant

PARAMETER; USE 10 TO 15 digits parameter (sd) was not an integer
in the range from 10 to 15.
W 181 INTERNAL SYSTEM ERROR Problem occurred in translation. Consult

your site analyst.
F 182 UNKNOWN KEYWORD PASSED TO A parameter passed to the program is

PROGRAM unknown.
F 183 KEYWORD = VALUE EXPECTED Parameters must be passed as KEY-

WORD=VALUE.
F 184 INVALID ALL VIEWS PARAMETER The preprocessor "all views" (av) param-
eter was not set YES or NO.
69
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 185 RADIUS IS NEGATIVE, ZERO, OR TOO Radius of an arc is not positive or is

LARGE larger than a value derived from IGES
Global Section parameter 20 (Approxi-
mate Maximum Coordinate Value).
I 186 OFFSET CURVE NOT IMPLEMENTED The offset curve entity is not translated.
I 187 CONNECT POINT NOT IMPLEMENTED The connect point entity is not translated.
I 188 NODAL DISPLACEMENT AND ROTA- The nodal displacement and rotation
TION NOT IMPLEMENTED entity is not translated.
I 189 MANIFOLD SOLID B-REP OBJECT NOT The Manifold Solid B-rep (Boundary-rep-
IMPLEMENTED resentation) entity is not translated.
I 190 SOLID B-REP TOPOLOGICAL SUP- The topological support entities used for
PORT ENTITIES NOT IMPLEMENTED solid boundary-representation are not
translated:
Type 502 - Vertex

Type 504 - Edge
Type 508 - Loop
Type 510 - Face
Type 514 - Shell
I 191 SOLID B-REP SUPPORT SURFACE The boundary-representation support

ENTITIES NOT IMPLEMENTED surface entities are not translated:
Type 190 - Plane

Type 192 - Cylindrical
Type 194 - Conical
Type 196 - Spherical
Type 198 - Toroidal
I 192 CSG SOLID SELECTED COMPONENT The Selected Component entity for CSG
ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED (Constructive Solid Geometry) is not
translated.
I 194 TEXT DISPLAY TEMPLATE NOT IMPLE- The text display template entity is not
MENTED translated for this release.
I 195 COLOR DEFINITION NOT IMPLE- The color definition entity is not trans-
MENTED lated.
I 197 EXTERNAL REFERENCE NOT IMPLE- The external reference entity is not trans-
MENTED lated.
I 198 NODAL LOAD CONSTRAINT NOT The nodal load constraint entity is not
IMPLEMENTED translated.
W 200 BAD DE POINTER The PD card has a bad DE back pointer.
W 201 USER DEFINED FONT TRANSLATED The ICEM user-defined font is translated
TO SOLID FONT to an IGES solid font.
W 202 SECTION LINING FORM TRANSLATED The ICEM special or user-defined section
TO FORM 0 lining form is defaulted.
W 203 FIRST BREAKPOINT VALUE MUST BE The first breakpoint value must be zero.
ZERO
I 204 PATCH CLUSTER SURFACE NOT The patch cluster surface entity is not
70
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 205 CSG NODE NOT IMPLEMENTED The CSG node entity is not translated.
F 206 UNIT NUMBER TABLE TOO SMALL An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
lators. Contact your site analyst.
I 207 MATRIX IS PART OF A RECURSIVE Illegal recursive structure was detected in

LOOP OF MATRICES a duplicate subfigure instance.
I 208 UNITS OF FEET UNSUPPORTED; WILL The units of measurement for DDN PART
USE INCHES data is inches.
I 209 UNITS OF MILES UNSUPPORTED; The units of measurement for DDN PART
WILL USE INCHES data is inches.
I 210 UNITS OF METERS UNSUPPORTED; The units of measurement for DDN PART
WILL USE MILLIMETERS data is millimeters.
I 211 UNITS OF KILOMETERS UNSUP- The units of measurement for DDN PART
PORTED; WILL USE MILLIMETERS data is millimeters.
I 212 UNITS OF MILS UNSUPPORTED; WILL The units of measurement for DDN PART
USE INCHES data is inches.
I 213 UNITS OF MICRONS UNSUPPORTED; The units of measurement for DDN PART
WILL USE INCHES data is millimeters.
I 214 UNITS OF CENTIMETERS UNSUP- The units of measurement for DDN PART
PORTED; WILL USE MILLIMETERS data is millimeters.
I 215 UNITS OF MICRO INCHES UNSUP- The units measurement for DDN PART
PORTED; WILL USE INCHES data is inches.
I 216 HIERARCHY PROPERTY (406 FORM Form 10 of hierarchy property is not sup-
10) ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED ported.
F 217 SYSTEM ERROR - COULD NOT READ The DDN PART data could not be read.
DDN PART DATA
F 218 SYSTEM ERROR - COULD NOT WRITE The DDN PART data could not be written.
DDN PART DATA
W 219 SUBFIGURE DEFINITION MUST NOT The referenced subfigure definition entity
REFERENCE A SUBFIGURE DEFINI- is not translated.
TION ENTITY
W 220 PARAMETRIC SPLINE SURFACE WILL The specified type of parametric spline
BE TREATED AS TYPE CUBIC surface is not supported. A CUBIC type
surface is used.
F 221 RESERVED FOR ANY FATAL ERROR Contact your site analyst.
W 222 RESERVED FOR ANY WARNING Self-explanatory.

ERROR
I 223 RESERVED FOR ANY INFORMATIVE Self-explanatory.

ERROR
I 224 PATCH TYPE OUT OF RANGE The parametric spline surface path type
is out of range.
W 225 NUMBER OF U SEGMENTS MUST BE The number of surface u segments must

>0 be greater than zero.
71
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 226 NUMBER OF V SEGMENTS MUST BE The number of surface v segments must

>0 be greater than zero.
W 227 U BREAKPOINTS MUST BE IN The surface u breakpoints are not in

INCREASING ORDER increasing order.
W 228 V BREAKPOINTS MUST BE IN The surface v breakpoints are not in

INCREASING ORDER increasing order.
F 229 SYSTEM ERROR - FILE/UNIT NUMBER An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
TABLE OVERFLOW lators. Contact your site analyst.
I 230 IGES SPLINE TRANSLATED TO MULTI- The spline entity has been translated to
PLE 3D SPLINES multiple spline entities.
W 231 SPLINE PARAMETERS NOT IN The spline parameters must be in

ASCENDING ORDER increasing order.
W 232 SURFACE EXPECTED A pointer to a surface is expected.
W 233 THE DISTANCE FROM THE BASE SUR- The offset surface lies on the base sur-
FACE IS ZERO face.
W 234 RECURSION DISCOVERED IN OFFSET Recursion is discovered in an offset sur-

SURFACE ENTITY face entity.
I 235 NO GLOBAL SECTION RECORD The global section record delimiter is not
DELIMITER FOUND found.
I 236 RECURSION DETECTOR STACK OVER- An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
FLOW lators. Contact your site analyst.
I 237 CUMULATIVE DISTANCE FROM THE The offset surface lies on the base sur-
BASE SURFACE IS ZERO face.
I 238 NODAL RESULTS ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The nodal results entity is not translated.
MENTED
I 239 ELEMENT RESULTS ENTITY NOT The element results entity is not trans-
IMPLEMENTED lated.
I 240 BLOCK ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED The block entity is not translated.
I 241 RIGHT ANGULAR WEDGE ENTITY NOT The right angular wedge entity is not
I 242 RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER ENTITY The right circular cylinder entity is not
NOT IMPLEMENTED translated.
I 243 RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE FRUSTUM The right circular cone frustum entity is
ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED not translated.
I 244 SPHERE ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED The sphere entity is not translated.
I 245 TORUS ENTITY NOT IMPLEMENTED The torus entity is not translated.
I 246 SOLID OF REVOLUTION ENTITY NOT The solid of revolution entity is not trans-
IMPLEMENTED lated.
I 247 SOLID OF LINEAR EXTRUSION ENTITY The solid of linear extrusion entity is not
I 248 ELLIPSOID ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The ellipsoid entity is not translated.
MENTED
72
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 249 BOOLEAN TREE ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The boolean tree entity is not translated.
MENTED
I 250 SOLID INSTANCE ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The solid instance entity is not translated.
MENTED
I 251 SOLID ASSEMBLY ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The solid assembly entity is not trans-
MENTED lated.
I 252 ATTRIBUTE TABLE DEFINITION ENTITY The attribute table definition entity is not
I 253 ATTRIBUTE TABLE INSTANCE ENTITY The attribute table instance entity is not
I 254 NULL ENTITY ENCOUNTERED The null entity is encountered.
F 255 INTERNAL ERROR OCCURRED Internal error occurred; contact your sys-
tem administrator.
I 256 CURVE DIMENSION ENTITY NOT The Curve Dimension entity is not trans-
IMPLEMENTED lated.
I 257 NEW GENERAL NOTE ENTITY NOT The New General Note entity is not trans-
IMPLEMENTED lated.
I 258 UNITS DATA ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The Units Data entity is not translated.
MENTED
I 259 DIRECTION ENTITY NOT IMPLE- The Direction entity is not translated.
MENTED
W 260 ORDER OF CURVE IS OUT OF RANGE The order of the curve is out of range.
W 261 NUMBER OF SEGMENTS IS OUT OF The number of segments in the B-spline

RANGE must be at least one.
W 262 ERROR IN FIRST OR LAST BREAK- The first or last breakpoint multiplicity
POINT MULTIPLICITY must be the same as the order of the B-
spline.
W 263 BREAKPOINT MULTIPLICITY IS OUT OF The breakpoint multiplicities must be

RANGE greater than zero, but not larger than the
order (degree + 1) of the B-spline.
W 264 RATIONAL FLAG IS OUT OF RANGE The rational flag is out of range.
W 265 CURVE TYPE IS OUT OF RANGE The curve type is out of range.
W 266 BREAKPOINTS MUST BE IN INCREAS- The breakpoints must be in increasing

ING ORDER order.
W 267 CONTROL POINT WEIGHTS MUST BE The control point weights are not greater
>0 than zero.
W 268 NUMBER OF CONTROL POINTS IS The number of control points in the B-

OUT OF RANGE spline must be at least two.
W 269 PLANAR CURVE FLAG IS OUT OF The planar curve flag is out of range.
RANGE
W 270 OPEN CURVE FLAG IS OUT OF RANGE The open curve flag is out of range.
W 271 PERIODIC FLAG IS OUT OF RANGE The periodic flag is out of range.
73
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 273 ORDER OF SURFACE IS OUT OF The order of the surface is out of range.
RANGE
W 274 SURFACE TYPE IS OUT OF RANGE The preferred surface type (form number)
of the IGES Rational B-Spline Surface is
outside the defined range of zero to 9.
W 275 OPEN SURFACE FLAG IS OUT OF The open surface flag is out of range.
RANGE
W 276 STARTING PARAMETER VALUE IS OUT The starting parameter value is out of
OF RANGE range.
W 277 ENDING PARAMETER VALUE IS OUT The ending parameter value is out of
OF RANGE range.
I 278 ANSI DRAFTING STANDARD The ANSI drafting standard is being

REQUESTED/DEFINED used.
I 279 DIN DRAFTING STANDARD The DIN drafting standard is being used.
REQUESTED/DEFINED
I 280 ILLEGAL OR UNSUPPORTED DRAFT- The specified drafting standard is unsup-

ING STANDARD REQUESTED/ ported.
DEFINED
W 281 TRANSLATION PROCESS STOPPED !!! The IGES translation has stopped.
W 282 ANSI DRAFTING STANDARD WILL BE The ANSI drafting standard is being
USED used.
I 283 BAD RESULT OF TRANSLATION Errors in the translation process indicate

SHOULD BE EXPECTED that many errors may occur.
W 284 SYMBOL NOT DEFINED BY IGES The symbol is not defined by the IGES
STANDARD standard.
F 285 INTERNAL PROBLEM W. DIRECTIVE An internal error exists in the IGES trans-
COMPILER/INTERPRETER lators. Contact your site analyst.
F 286 PROCESSOR TERMINATED; NO ENTI- The translation is finished, and no entities

TIES PROCESSED have been processed.
W 288 MINIMUM RESOLUTION TOO SMALL, The minimum resolution is not valid.
TOO LARGE, INVALID OR NOT SET
W 289 CHANGED TO SYSTEM DEFAULT The minimum resolution has been set to
VALUE (0.001) 0.001.
W 290 NUMBER OF PARENT ENTITIES MUST The number of parent entities should be
BE 1 one.
W 291 TOO MANY SUBENTITIES OR SUB- The amount of IGES entity data
STRINGS - SOME WILL BE IGNORED exceeded limits for the corresponding
DDN entity. Some data will not be used.
Applies to trimmed planes, section lining,
and text notes.
W 292 PLANE ENTITY FORM NUMBER IS OUT The form number of a plane entity is out
OF RANGE of range.
W 293 PLANE ENTITY POINTER IS INCON- The plane entity pointer is inconsistent
SISTENT WITH FORM with its type.
74
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 294 PLANE ENTITY FORM IS NOT A plane entity is expected, but the wrong
ALLOWED IN THIS CONTEXT form number is encountered.
W 295 PLANE IS NOT THE EQUIVALENT TO The plane defining an entity is not equiva-
DEFINING PLANE lent to the plane defining a subordinate
entity.
W 296 UNABLE TO CREATE A PLANE The underlying plane of a plane entity

cannot be created.
W 297 REFERENCED ENTITY HAS PARSING The referenced entity cannot be proc-
ERRORS essed because it contains parsing errors.
W 298 CURVE TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED IN A curve is found, but the curve type is not
THIS CONTEXT valid here.
W 299 TOO MANY CURVES IN COMPOSITE The composite curve has too many sub-
CURVE ordinate curves.
W 300 TOO MANY SUB-ENTITIES CREATED The translated curve results in the crea-
tion of too many sub-curves.
W 301 STARTING PARAMETER MUST BE < Starting parameter is greater than or

ENDING PARAMETER equal to ending parameter.
W 302 TOO MANY CONTROL POINTS FOR The curve cannot be generated because
CURVE GENERATION there are too many control points.
W 303 THERE MUST BE AT LEAST TWO DIS- There are less than two distinct break-
TINCT BREAKPOINTS points.
W 304 CONTROL POINT DATA DOES NOT FIT There is no copious data and the control
INTO TAB3 points do not fit in TAB3.
W 305 NUMBER OF COPIOUS DATA ENTITIES The number of copious data entities
IS OUT OF RANGE exceeds the range.
W 306 OUT OF VIRTUAL MEMORY The virtual memory is full.
W 307 COPIOUS DATA FORM NOT VALID IN This copious data form is invalid for this
THIS CONTEXT application.
W 308 COPIOUS DATA MUST BE IN TRIPLES Copious data is not in triples format.
FORMAT
W 309 NUMBER OF COPIOUS DATA POINTS The number of copious data points
IS OUT OF RANGE exceeds the range.
W 310 TOO MANY COPIOUS DATA POINTS There are too many copious data points.
ENCOUNTERED
W 311 NOT ENOUGH COPIOUS DATA POINTS There are too few copious data points.
ENCOUNTERED
W 312 INTERNAL ERROR COMBINING NURBS An error occurred while combining

SURFACES NURBS surfaces.
W 313 INTERNAL ERROR SPLITTING CURVE An error occurred while splitting the
curve.
75
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 314 INTERNAL ERROR CONVERTING The patches of a parametric spline sur-

NURBS SURFACE face could not be combined to form a
NURBS surface. The IGES data will be
translated into a number of NURBS sur-
faces.
W 315 MATRIX CONTAINS VECTOR WITH The view matrix contains a vector with
ZERO MAGNITUDE zero magnitude. The entity will not be
translated.
F 316 UNEXPECTED SEQUENCE NUMBER The IGES file is out of sequence.

ON LINE nnnn
F 317 INVALID CARD TYPE ON LINE nnnn The IGES file is incorrectly formatted.
W 318 OUTER BOUNDARY FLAG IS OUT OF The trimmed surface outer boundary flag
RANGE is out of range. Only the geometry will be
translated.
W 319 OUTER BOUNDARY FLAG IS INCON- The trimmed surface outer boundary flag
SISTENT WITH POINTER is inconsistent with the outer boundary
pointer. The pointer is used if it exists.
Otherwise, the natural surface boundary
is used. Message 327/8 follows.
W 320 EXPECTING A CURVE ON A PARAMET- A curve was expected but not supplied for
RIC SURFACE ENTITY a parametric surface entity.
W 321 CREATION FLAG IS OUT OF RANGE The curve on a parametric surface

entity's creation flag is out of range.
W 322 POINTER DOES NOT POINT TO The surface pointer of a curve on a para-
CURVE'S SURFACE metric surface entity is in error.
I 323 ENTITY IS NOT A 2D PARAMETRIC The entity specified is not a 2D paramet-

CURVE ric curve.
W 324 PREFERRED REPRESENTATION FLAG The flag has exceeded its range of val-
IS OUT OF RANGE ues.
W 325 THE UNDERLYING SURFACE IS NOT The underlying surface of a trimmed sur-
SUPPORTED face is not supported. Only the geometry
will be translated.
W 326 UNDERLYING SURFACE TRANSLATES The underlying surface of a trimmed sur-

TO MANY ENTITIES face translates into more than one ICEM
entity. Only the geometry will be trans-
lated.
I 327 SUPPLIED OUTER BOUNDARY CURVE A boundary curve pointer was not
WILL BE USED expected, but it will be used nevertheless.
(Refer to Warning 319 above.)
I 328 NATURAL OUTER BOUNDARY CURVE A boundary curve pointer was expected
WILL BE USED but not found. The untrimmed surface's
natural outside boundary will be used.
(Refer to Warning 319 above.)
W 330 UNABLE TO CREATE A VECTOR NOR- The plane coefficients are all zero.
MAL TO PLANE
F 331 ICEM DDN REPORTS THE FOLLOWING An ICEM specific error occurred.
ERROR -
76
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 332 THERE MUST BE AT LEAST ONE GEO- The IGES General symbol has no defin-
METRIC ENTITY ing geometry. The entity is not translated.
W 333 2D PARAMETRIC CURVE MUST BE A 2D parametric curve was not given.

SPECIFIED Only the geometry will be translated.
W 334 ENTITY TRANSLATES INTO TOO MANY The IGES General symbol has more
ENTITIES defining geometry than can be in an
ICEM group. The entity is not translated.
W 335 NUMBER OF BOUNDARY LOOPS IS The trimmed surface boundary loop

OUT OF RANGE count is out of range. Only the geometry
will be translated.
W 336 NUMBER OF NON-BOUNDARY LOOPS The trimmed surface nonboundary loop

IS OUT OF RANGE count is out of range. Only the geometry
will be translated.
W 337 TOO MANY LOOPS The trimmed surface contains too many
loops. Only the geometry is translated.
W 338 UNDERLYING SURFACE NOT SUP- The underlying surface of a trimmed sur-
PORTED FOR TRIM. SURF face is not supported. Only the geometry
is translated.
W 339 LOOP ENTITY EXPECTED A loop entity was expected. Only the
geometry is translated.
W 340 LOOP ENTITY FORM NUMBER IS Only the geometry is translated.

INCONSISTENT
W 341 TOO MANY SURFACE CURVES The loop entity contains too many surface
curves. Only the geometry is translated.
W 342 LOOP ENTITIES TRIMMED SURFACE An invalid trimmed surface backpointer

BACKPOINTER INVALID was specified. Only the geometry is
translated.
W 343 LOOP ENTITIES SURF-CURV-SURF An invalid surface-curve-surface back-

BACKPOINTER INVALID pointer was specified. Only the geometry
is translated.
W 344 BOUNDARY LOOP FLAG IS OUT OF The loop flag is out of range. Only the
RANGE geometry is translated.
W 345 BOUNDARY LOOP FLAG IS INCON- The loop flag is inconsistent. Only the
SISTENT geometry is translated.
W 346 SURFACE CURVE ENTITY EXPECTED A surface curve entity was expected but
was not supplied. Only the geometry is
translated.
W 347 SURFACE CURVE FORM NUMBER IS The form number is inconsistent. Only
INCONSISTENT the geometry is translated.
W 348 LOOP ENTITY COUNT IS OUT OF The counter has incremented beyond its
RANGE specified range. Only the geometry is
translated.
W 349 SURFACE CURVE DOES NOT POINT The surface curve does not backpoint to
TO LOOP a loop entity. Only the geometry is trans-
lated.
77
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 350 UNDERLYING CURVE NOT SUP- The underlying curve of a surface curve
PORTED FOR SURFACE CURVE is not supported. Only the geometry is
translated.
W 351 LOOP ENTITIES 2D CURVE IS NOT The specified curve is not supported.
SUPPORTED
W 352 SENSE FLAG IS OUT OF RANGE A loop entity sense flag is out of range.
Only the geometry is translated.
W 353 SURFACE CURVE SURFACE DOES The surface-curve-surface does not

NOT POINT TO LOOP backpoint to a loop entity. Only the geom-
etry is translated.
W 354 SURFACE CURVE SURFACE ENTITY A surface-curve-surface was expected,

EXPECTED but was not specified. Only the geometry
is translated.
W 355 SURFACE CURVE SURFACE FORM The form number is inconsistent. Only
NUMBER IS INCONSISTENT the geometry is translated.
W 356 LOOP COUNT IS OUT OF RANGE A loop count is out of range. Only the
W 357 UNDERLYING SURFACE NOT SUP- The underlying surface of a surface-

PORTED FOR SUR-CURV-SUR curve-surface is not supported. Only the
W 358 TRIMMED SURFACE LOOPS ARE The trimmed surface loops are unreada-
UNDECIPHERABLE ble. Only the geometry is translated.
W 359 MINIMUM RESOLUTION TOO SMALL, The minimum resolution, specified by

TOO LARGE, INVALID, OR NOT SET parameter 19 in the IGES Global Section,
is too small, too large, invalid, or not set.
It is set to '1.E-3' for appropriate use. In
ICEM IGES global parameter 13 is used,
for example, to distinguish whether adja-
cent segments of curves and surfaces
are continuous.
W 360 A 3D CURVE SHOULD BE SPECIFIED. A 3D curve was not specified for a Curve
ICEM DDN WILL USE THE 2D CURVE. On Parametric Surface entity. The 2D
curve is used.
W 361 CHANGED TO SYSTEM DEFAULT Used in conjunction with messages such

VALUE as message number 359 to inform you
that a bad or not encountered value has
been set to a usable value.
W 362 NO FORMAT VIEW IN LAYOUT/DRAW- The ICEM view layout does not contain a
ING; SIZE UNDEFINED format view to define the IGES drawing
size. In this case, a system default value
is used to define the drawing size.
W 363 CANNOT ASSIGN MORE THAN 4 DIF- The IGES file contains more than 4 line
FERENT LINE WEIGHTS/THICK- weight gradations/thicknesses. The post-
NESSES processor maps the closest IGES line
weights to one ICEM pen/thickness.
W 364 TRANSFORMATION MATRIX DETERMI- The transformation matrix is of invalid

NANT IS NOT NEAR +1.0 OR –1.0 form.
78
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 365 A TRANSFORMATION MATRIX COL- The transformation matrix is of invalid

UMN VECTOR LENGTH IS NOT NEAR form.
1.0
W 366 CANNOT TRANSLATE THIS ENTITY The part must first be stored through
NOW; DDN PART HAS NOT BEEN IN ICEM. This updates copious data needed
BINARY FORM for a tabulated cylinder.
W 367 UNDERLYING SURFACE TRANSLATES The underlying surface of an offset sur-

TO MANY ENTITIES face translates into more than one ICEM
entity. The offset surface is not translated.
W 368 OPTIONAL SECOND LEADER OF The IGES radius dimension is always

RADIUS DIMENSION (FORM 1) IS NOT translated to DDN with one leader arrow.
SUPPORTED
W 369 COPIOUS DATA ENTITY EXPECTED A copious data entity was expected, but
was not supplied.
W 370 TUPLE TYPE IS OUT OF RANGE The copious data type is out of range.
W 371 TUPLE TYPE IS UNEXPECTED The copious data type is inconsistent.
W 372 NUMBER OF COPIOUS DATA POINTS The specified number of data points is
IS OUT OF RANGE out of range.
W 373 NUMBER OF COPIOUS DATA POINT- The specified number of data pointers is
ERS IS OUT OF RANGE out of range.
W 374 INVALID POINTER TO ENTITY An entity pointer is expected.
W 375 IGES COMP. CURVE TRANSLATED An IGES composite curve with more than
INTO MULTIPLE COMP. CURVES 100 members was translated into several
ICEM composite curves.
I 376 MEMBER IN COMP. CURVE OR GROUP A bad member in an IGES composite

SKIPPED curve or group (for example, a line of
length zero) has been skipped.
W 377 SUBENTITY NOT YET SUPPORTED A subentity (an entity referenced by

another entity) is currently not supported.
This may result in not translating an entity
which is referencing the unsupported
subentity when it cannot exist without it.
W 378 NOT ALL ENTITIES OF SYSTEM COM- Due to a read error in the DDN PART file
MON COULD BE READ FROM THE DDN (bad value, for example), the ICEM Sys-
PART FILE tem Common or part of it could not be
read. Currently, this means no entity is
lost for the IGES translation. However,
the DDN PART could not be read to its
end and hence this indicates and locates
an error on the DDN PART.
W 379 ERROR READING THE DDN PART FILE An error happened reading the DDN
PART. Other messages on the translation
list file or the *DEBUG,LIST directive
should be used to locate the error.
79
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 380 LINE PATTERN CODE IS SET TO ZERO The line pattern code of the IGES entity
(IRON) sectioned area (230) or section entity
(106, forms 31-38) cannot be mapped to
ICEM. The default material, iron, is used.
W 381 CLIPPING PLANE OUTSIDE DRAWING A clipping plane border of a view lies out-
side the IGES drawing. The generated
ICEM view layout may be erroneous.
That is, the corresponding view is clipped
by the border of the view layout.
W 382 LEFT/LOWER CLIPPING PLANE IS The left or lower clipping plane/border of

GREATER THAN RIGHT/UPPER an IGES view is greater than the right or
upper clipping plane of the same view.
The generated ICEM view layout is erro-
neous; that is, the corresponding view is
missing.
W 383 ERROR IN BOUNDARY CURVE; NO An error in one of the boundary curves of

SECTION LINING the IGES entity sectioned area (230) was
detected. To determine the cause, check
the messages that precede this message
in the translation list file. The ICEM sec-
tion lining (39) is not generated.
W 384 LIST OF START SECTION/TRANSMIS- After this message the contents of the
SION HEADER: IGES Start Section follows. The IGES
Start Section can be used for free-form
text from the sender to the receiver.
Some organizations use the start section
for information such as the name of the
sender, department, project, and so on.
W 385 END OF START SECTION/TRANSMIS- This message marks the end of the start
SION HEADER section listed on the translation list file.
W 386 ADJACENT SEGMENTS HAVE A Adjacent segments of a curve or a sur-

LARGER DISTANCE THAN PARAME- face (neighbors),for example, in B-
TER 19 GLOBAL SECT. splines, are not continuous. Their dis-
tance is greater than parameter 19 of the
IGES Global Section. When no other
message follows, the entity is translated
with the segments being continuous to
guarantee data integrity. However, such
entities must be handled with care
regarding validity. A comparison with the
value of parameter 13 of the Global Sec-
tion and getting information from the
sender are strongly recommended.
W 387 ONLY VIEWS OF ENTITY 402/4 ARE Only the views information of IGES entity
TRANSLATED - OTHER ITEMS SET TO associativity (type 402 form 4) is used to
DEFAULT set up the visibility of the referencing
entity. All other information (color, line
font, and line weight) is set to default val-
ues (0 or 1).
W 390 SECTIONED AREA MATERIAL WAS Material is not known in ICEM.

MAPPED TO IRON
80
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 393 CROSS SECTION MATERIAL WAS Material is not known in ICEM.

MAPPED TO USER DEFINED MATE-
RIAL
W 394 CURVE ON A PARAMETRIC SURFACE Curve On Parametric Surface entity has

ENTITY HAS NO 2D OR 3D CURVE no defining curve geometry. It is not
DATA translated.
W 395 A 2D PARAMETRIC CURVE WAS NOT A 2D curve was not specified for a Curve
SPECIFIED. ICEM DDN WILL RE-CRE- On Parametric Surface entity. ICEM DDN
ATE IT. uses the 3D curve to create it.
W 396 TOO MANY SHORT SEGMENTS IN More than one third of the segments in an
PARAMETRIC SPLINE CURVE IGES type 112 spline curve are very
short. It is not translated.
F 397 MXPDFT OUT OF RANGE IN IUPDFT Internal error occurred; contact your sys-
tem administrator.
F 398 MAXCPR > 30 IN IGRTOA Internal error occurred; contact your sys-
tem administrator.
F 399 MAXCPI > 30 IN IGITOA Internal error occurred; contact your sys-
tem administrator.
F 400 FORMAT SPECIFICATION TOO SMALL Internal error occurred; contact your sys-
IN CDWIGS tem administrator.
F 401 YOU ARE NOT LICENSED TO USE THE The license file does no allow you to run
PRODUCT ICEM IGES the IGES translators on your system. Get
in contact with your ICEM support/sales
representative to receive a correct/
updated license file.
F 402 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLE FOR PATH The environment variable that contains
TO LICENSE FILE NOT SPECIFIED the path to the license file on your system
has no be specified. Refer to chapter 1 in
this manual for information on how to
specify the variable.
F 403 CANNOT FIND LICENSE FILE The license file is not installed, the envi-
ronment variable is not set correctly, or
the access modes to read the license file
are not set correctly.
F 404 ERROR AT ACCESSING OR READING A general error happened when the

LICENSE FILE translators tried to access or read the
license file. A cross-check on the possible
causes of error 403 should be done.
Another possibility is the binary transfer
of the ASCII format license file.
F 405 THE LICENSED NUMBER OF SIMULTA- The (network) license file limits the
NEOUS USERS IS EXCEEDED — number of simultaneous users. If this
PLEASE TRY AGAIN LATER number is exceeded, ICEM IGES cannot
be executed until a copy of ICEM IGES is
freed. ICEM IGES may be restarted then
by entering a command.
81
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 412 ENTITY OR SEGMENT OF ENTITY IS Either a row or a column of Parametric

SMALLER THAN PARAM. 19 OF GLO- Spline Surface patches degenerates to a
BAL SECT. point (extent < Global #19). Surface
processing continues.
W 413 ENTITY OR SEGMENT OF ENTITY IS Either a row or a column of Parametric

SMALLER THAN THE SYSTEM LIMIT Spline Surface patches degenerates to a
(1.E-12) point (extent < 1.E-12). Surface is not
translated.
W 414 UNITS FLAG UNSUPPORTED OR The units supported are: 1 = inches and 2
INVALID; WILL USE FLAG 2 (MM) = millimeters.
W 419 YOUR PART IS NOT COMPLETE, The ICEM DDN part to be translated
BECAUSE IT INSTANCES (REFER- instances (references) separate part data
ENCES) ANOTHER PART via the part instance entity (type 42) or
the local instance (type 87). The ICEM
IGES translator does not satisfy such ref-
erences automatically, hence your trans-
lated part is incomplete. The next actions
described below should be followed to
obtain a complete part.
W 420 USE THE INTERACTIVE UNLINK FEA- To obtain a complete ICEM DDN part
TURE IN ICEM DDN TO OBTAIN A COM- with all instances satisfied, the part must
PLETE PART be run through the interactive UNLINK
feature in ICEM DDN. (See F.6.4.6.x in
ICEM DDN.) The unlink merges all
instanced parts and local instance mas-
ters into the part to be translated and
removes masters and instance entities
(types 42, 86, or 87).
W 421 ATTENTION: DO THE UNLINK IN A Using the ICEM DDN unlink feature and
COPY OF THE ORIGINAL PART storing the part before the IGES transla-
tion, will change the structure of the origi-
nal part. This may not be wished. Hence,
it is recommended to unlink a copy of the
part to be translated. A copy of a part can
be obtained by the DDN merge function
into a new, empty part. After translation,
the copied and unlinked part may be
deleted to save disk space.
F 422 ERROR IN HEADER FILE There was an error reading from the
header file that was specified with the
preprocessor 'h' parameter.
W 423 TOO MANY LINES IN HEADER FILE The header file specified with the pre-
processor 'h' parameter is too long. Only
300 lines are used.
W 424 CAN'T READ MORE THAN 420 IGES The limit of supported IGES views is 420.
VIEW ENTITIES
W 425 TOO MANY GROUP MEMBERS; WILL DDN limits the number of members in a
LIMIT TO 240 group to 240. This DDN group is incor-
rect; the first 240 members are used.
W 427 NO MORE VIRTUAL MEMORY, GROUPS Dynamic memory allocation denied dur-
NOT CONVERTED ing group conversion.
82
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
W 428 ZERO-POINTER IN SUBELEMENT LIST A zero (0) was found where an entity
OF GROUP FOUND pointer was expected. Processing contin-
ues.
W 429 TOO MANY GROUPS, NOT ALL PROC- Not enough memory left to complete
ESSABLE group processing.
W 430 NUMBER OF SUBELEMENTS OF Entity count was negative or too large.

GROUP OUT OF RANGE
W 431 WRONG GROUP STRUCTURE, NO A subgroup was found without a contain-

TOP-ELEMENTS FOUND ing group.
W 432 WRONG GROUP STRUCTURE, A group cannot be a member of itself,

CLOSED LOOP NOT ALLOWED either directly or indirectly.
W 433 GROUP CONTAINS TOO MANY SUBEN- DDN limits the number of members in a
TITIES, AN ADDITIONAL GROUP IS group to 240. An IGES grouping associa-
CREATED tivity does not translate to just one DDN
group. An additional group is needed.
W 434 NOT ALL HIERARCHY LEVELS OF Probably too many hierarchy levels; max-
GROUP PROCESSABLE, REST IS imum number of subentities passed.
IGNORED
W 435 EXPECTING A GEOMETRY ENTITY The denoted entity is not a geometry

TYPE entity. The entity is excluded from the
general symbol entity.
I 436 ICEM PART FILE NAME CHANGED TO The name of the ICEM Part file has been
LOWER CASE CHARACTERS changed to lower case characters.
W 437 NO 2D AND NO 3D TRIM CURVE AT ALL There is no trim curve as a boundary for
a trimmed surface at all. The trimmed
entity cannot be translated, but will be
translated untrimmed.
W 445 PARAMETER LINE COUNT IN DE IS The directory entry section value for the
LARGER THAN ACTUAL number of parameter section cards (Field
14 in the 2nd card) is larger than the
actual number of parameter cards. The
bad value is corrected.
I 446 CLOSED PERIODIC B-SPLINE CURVE A closed periodic B-spline curve from
ADAPTED FOR DDN IGES has had its start and end break-
points and multiplicities changed to pro-
duce an equivalent DDN non-periodic B-
spline curve.
I 447 B-SPLINE CURVE WITH VERY CLOSE An IGES B-spline curve has some knot
KNOTS ADAPTED FOR DDN values closer than the DDN minimum of
1/1000 of a percent of the parameter
range of the curve. These knots were
merged, and the associated data
adjusted.
W 448 BACKPOINTER/PROPERTY DATA IS End of entity parameter data encountered

INCOMPLETE while additional backpointer or property
data was still expected.
83
6.1 Error Messages

ID2
I 449 B-SPLINE SURFACE WITH VERY An IGES B-spline surface has some knot
CLOSE KNOTS WILL BE ADAPTED IN values closer than the DDN minimum of
ICEM DDN 1/1000 of a percent of the parameter
range (U or V) of the surface. These
knots will be merged, and the associated
data adjusted.
I 450 GENERAL TOLERANCE IS SET TO The tolerance used to determine point

VALUE = x.xxx coincidence and contiguity is set to this
value.
I 451 LOOP TOLERANCE IS SET TO VALUE = This tolerance is used to determine loop
x.xxx contiguity. Loops are trimming curves in
the uv-space (2D parameter space) of
surfaces.
W 452 ATTENTION ! TOLERANCE IN PREVI- The tolerance set in either of the above is
OUS LINE IS SET TO AN EXCEPTIONAL greater than 1.0 or less than 1.e-6.
VALUE
I 453 TRIMMED SURFACE OF REVOLUTION If x.xxx is –1.0, no change to 2D parame-

2D PARAMETER SPACE CURVE ter space curves will occur. If x.xxx is
CHANGE INDICATOR: x.xxx +1.0, the 2D curves will be mapped from
unitized range (assumed) to the natural
range defined in the IGES Specification.
I 454 PREVIOUS MESSAGE INDICATES SUR- No changes to trimmed surface of revolu-

FACE PARAMETERIZATION CHANGE tion 2D curves will be made when the
NOT REQUESTED ASCII part is brought into ICEM DDN.
I 455 PREVIOUS MESSAGE INDICATES UNIT- Trimmed surface of revolution 2D curves

TO-NATURAL PARAMETERIZATION will be transformed from the unit to the
CHANGE natural surface representation when
ICEM DDN brings in the part.
W 456 ICEM DDN POINT SET ENTITY TRANS- Point set in a DDN drafting group (type
LATED TO GROUP 15, forms 2-30) is translated to an IGES
group associativity.
W 457 TRIMMING OF DIMENSION LINES NOT Trimming of witness lines is translated to

SUPPORTED IGES, but not trimming of dimension
lines.
W 458 ICEM DDN DRAFTING ENTITY TRANS- DDN drafting entity is translated to an
LATED TO A GROUP IGES group associativity.
I 459 REPRESENTATION FLAG IS OUT OF Representation type flag in boundary

RANGE entity has a non-meaningful value. It is
ignored.
W 460 BOUNDARY ENTITY HAS NO 2D OR 3D Boundary entity contains no trimming

CURVE DATA curve geometry. The boundary entity is
not translated.
W 461 INVALID CURVE POINTER IN BOUND- Boundary entity includes an invalid curve
ARY ENTITY pointer. The boundary entity is not trans-
lated.
I 462 SENSE FLAG VALUE OUT OF RANGE Sense flag in boundary entity has a non-
meaningful value. It is ignored.
84
6.2 Directive Errors

ID2
W 463 EXPECTING A BOUNDARY ENTITY Bounded surface points to an entity that

is not a boundary entity. The bounded
surface is not translated.
I 464 REPRESENTATION FLAG INCONSIST- Boundary entity includes 2D curves, but

ENT WITH POINTER representation flag said not to expect
them. (See message 465.)
W 465 SUPPLIED 2D CURVES FOUND, USING Boundary entity's 2D curves are used
THEM regardless of message 464 inconsist-
ency.
W 466 IGNORING 2D CURVES FOUND WITH Boundary entity includes 2D curves, but
UNBOUNDED PLANE they are not used since the underlying
surface is a plane that does not have a
parameterization.
W 467 IGNORING INVALID FORM NUMBER The IGES entity form number is invalid,
but the entity data is interpretable.
NOTE
1. The Class column contains the following error classifications: I=Informational, W=Warning, F=Fatal.
2. The Error ID column omits numbers of error messages that are no longer used by IGES.
6.2 Directive Errors
When a directive file is read in by one of the IGES translators (processors), the respective translator checks
every directive. If an error is encountered, an error message is put onto the list file. Some errors cause the
processor to abort, others result only in a message (warning), allowing the translator to continue. Both
types of errors are indicated in the error/log file in the following format:
1. The current line is printed.

2. A caret symbol (^) is located below the current line (the position of the ^ indicates where the error was
first encountered).
3. The error message is printed below the current line.
Example:
*SELECT,10..20
^
*** DIRECTIVE ERROR: SEPARATOR "," EXPECTED
In this example, "from 10 to 20" could not be recognized because .. was erroneously entered instead of
>>>.
6.3 Directive Error and Warning Messages
Table 6-2 describes the directive error messages.
85
Table 16 Directive Error Messages
Error Message Description
UNKNOWN COMMAND FOUND The directive is unknown to the translator.
COMMAND EXPECTED No directive was specified.
"$$" OR "*" EXPECTED The line/directive starts with neither $$ nor *.
"=" EXPECTED = was omitted in the directive.
"0" OR "1" EXPECTED In this directive, only the parameters 0 and 1 are valid.
"A" OR "D" EXPECTED In this directive, only the parameters A and D are
valid.
NUMBER EXPECTED A number was omitted.
END OF RANGE MISSING The end of a range (>>>) was not specified.
OBJECT WRONG OR MISSING A required object (before the =) was incorrect or miss-
ing.
"143" OR "144" EXPECTED In this DEFINE directive, only the parameters 143 and
144 are valid.
SEPARATOR "," EXPECTED The separator (a comma) was omitted.
SUBSET UNKNOWN An invalid name was used for a subset.
SUBSET EXPECTED The name of the subset was omitted.
NAME EXPECTED The name was omitted.
ARGUMENT EXPECTED A parameter argument was omitted.
BLOCKS MUST NOT BE NESTED An AND-directive (BEGINAND/ENDAND) was used

within another BEGINAND/ENDAND set.
"ENDAND" WITHOUT "BEGINAND" The opening directive for the AND block was omitted.
LEVEL EXPECTED The level was not specified.
NO "SETSTS" FOUND The beginning for the start section entry is missing.
TOO MANY LINES IN START SECTION The text to be written into the start section consists of
more than 100 lines.
ENTITY UNKNOWN The entity/entity type specified was not recognized.
NO MORE SPACE IN DIR-TABLES Too many directives were created, causing an over-
flow of the internal memory.
ILLEGAL ENTITY NUMBER FOR "LAYOUT" An illegal entity number was specified for Layout/
Drawing.
NO MORE SPACE IN LAYOUT-TABLE More than one Layout/Drawing was specified.
ILLEGAL SELECT IN SKIP-BLOCK An AND block starting with SKIP contains a SELECT
directive.
ILLEGAL SKIP IN SELECT-BLOCK An AND block starting with SELECT contains a SKIP
directive.
"ENDAND" EXPECTED An AND block has been opened without closing it at

the end.
86
Error Message Description
"ENDSTS" EXPECTED The text to be included in the start section was not
terminated.
" EXPECTED " was omitted in a name.
Table 6-3 describes the directive warning messages.
Table 17 Directive Warning Messages
Warning Message Description
FUNCTION IS NOT AVAILABLE YET The selected function is not available yet.
EXTRA CHARACTERS AT END OF LINE IGNORED Additional characters at the end of the line are
ignored.
STATEMENT SHOULD OCCUR ONLY ONCE This directive should be used only once.
")" EXPECTED A required ) is omitted.
TRANSLATION OF RANGE NOT COMPLETE A range was translated incompletely.
RANGE HAS BEEN SWAPPED The boundaries of a range are confounded.
ENTITY IS ALWAYS TRANSLATED This entity is always included in the translation proc-
ess.
RANGE TRUNCATED The range is reduced.
LINE TRUNCATED The line is too long (greater than 80 characters).
DIRECTIVE IGNORED This directive is superfluous.
NO SELECT/SKIP/DEFINE(s) The directive file contains no *SELECT, *SKIP, or

*DEFINE directives; the internal decision/interpreter
table is empty.
87
7 Extended Entity Mapping Tables
This section shall provide a quick overview which entities from the source file are translated to which enti-
ties in the target file. For details regarding ICEM form numbers, IGES form numbers and IGES descriptions,
please refer to Table 1 on page 2-10 and Table 2 on page 3-19.
7.1 Transfer from IGES to ICEM ASCII Part
100 Circular arc 3 Circle
102 Composite curve 6 Composite curve

(consisting of Line, Circle, Conic, Rotated
cubic spline, 3-D spline and NURBS curve
entities)
104 Conic arc 4 Conic
106 Copious data

Forms:
1 - 3 - Data points 1 Point (default)
10 Machining curve (directive option)
11 - 13 - Linear path 10 Machining curve
20, 21 - Centerline 38 Centerline
31 - section lines 39 Sectioning, material iron
32 - 36, 38 section lines 39 " , user-defined material
37 - section lines 39 " , material lead
40 - Witness line 15 Group, special form 34
63 - Simple closed planar curve 10 Machining curve
108 Plane (2)

0 - Unbounded plane 18 Plane
+1 - Bounded plane Trimmed surface
-1 - Hole in plane Plane (unbounded)
Bounded planes are translated into
trimmed surfaces (type 27) if referenced by
a single parent associativity (type 402/9).
The parent entity has to be a bounded
plane (form +1).
110 Line 2 Line
112 Parametric spline 9 3-D spline or

5 Rotated cubic spline
114 Parametric spline surface 26 Maps to one or more NURBS surfaces.
116 Point 1 Point
118 Ruled surface 21 Ruled/developable surface
120 Surface of revolution 19 Surface of revolution
122 Tabulated cylinder 20 Tabulated cylinder or

Ruled surface, form 3 (10)
88
124 Transformation matrix TABLE 4 matrices

Form 0, right-handed matrix To right-handed matrix.
Form 1, left-handed matrix To right-handed matrix.
126 Rational B-spline curve 31 NURBS curve
128 Rational B-spline surface 26 NURBS surface
141 Boundary 55 Loop
142 Curve on parametric surface 55 Loop
143 Bounded surface 27 Trimmed surface
144 Trimmed surface 27 Trimmed surface
202 Angular dimension (4) 36 Angular dimension
206 Diameter dimension (4) 35 Diameter dimension
208 Flag note 15 Group, special form 38
210 General label 15 Group, special form 35
212 General note 37 General note

Standard note or
213 New General note Not supported
214 Leader (arrow) 15 Group, special form 33
216 Linear dimension (4) 32 Linear dimension or

218 Ordinate dimension 15 Group, special form 40
220 Point dimension 15 Group, special form 41
222 Radius dimension (4) 33 Radius dimension or

228 General symbol 15 Group, special form 44
230 Sectioned area 39 Section lining (5)
320 Network subfigure definition Supported (6)
402 Associativity instance (9)

Forms:
1, 7, 14, 15 - Group 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
3 - Views visible Supported for selective
view blanking.
4 - Views visible, color, Supported for selective
line weight view blanking. Color, line font,
and weight ignored.
9 - Single parent associativity For planes: see plane entity
15/44 For any other entity: standard group, form
1, or set
13 - Dimensioned geometry 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
16 - Planar associativity 15/44 Standard group, form 1, or set
404 Drawing 50 Systems view layout, form 2 (7)
89
7.2 Transfer from IGES to ICEM Surf DB
406 Property Not supported, with noted

exceptions:
Forms:
1 - Definition levels Level for DDN entities translated
from any IGES entity with this
property. (Only first level number
is used.)
15 - Name Layout name (maximum of
32 characters)
16 - Drawing size Layout size (restated for units)
17 - Drawing units Layout unit (if layout unit of measure dif-
fers from the part's unit of measure, anno-
tation is restated. Unit strings that
describe the part's unit of measure are
honored.)
408 Singular subfigure instance All orientation and scaling is honored. (6)
410 View TABLE 4 views (8)
412 Rectangular array subfigure instance 12 Rectangular array subfigure
414 Circular array subfigure instance 13 Circular array
420 Network subfigure instance All orientation and scaling is honored. (6)
7.2 Transfer from IGES to ICEM Surf DB
IGES ICEM Surf DB

(type number in brackets)
Circular Arc (100) Curve Segment/Arc/Circle
Composite Curve (102) Curve Segment
Copious Data (106, Forms 1-3, 11-13, 63) Raw Data Segment
Conic Curve Segment
Plane (108, Form +1, Bounded Plane) Face
Line (110) Curve Segment
Parametric Spline (112, Forms see below)

1 Linear Curve Segment
2 Quadratic Curve Segment
3 Cubic Curve Segment
4 Wilson-Fowler (2D) –
4 Wilson-Fowler (3D) Curve Segment
5 Modified Wilson-Fowler (2D) –
5 Modified Wilson-Fowler (3D) Curve Segment
6 B-Spline Curve Segment
Parametric Spline Surface (114) Patch
Point (116) Point
Rational B-Spline Curve (126) Curve Segment
90
7.3 Transfer from ICEM ASCII Part to IGES
IGES ICEM Surf DB

Rational B-Spline Surface (128) Patch
Trimmed Surface (144) Face
Ruled Surface (119) Patch/Face
Surface of Revolution (120) Patch/Face
Tabulated Cylinder (122) Patch/Face
1 Point 116 Point
2 Line 110 Line
3 Circle 100 Circular arc
4 Conic
Forms:
2 - Ellipse Ellipse
3 - Parabola Parabola
4 - Hyperbola Hyperbola
5 Rotated cubic spline (also called

2-D or Wilson-Fowler spline)
Forms:
1 - 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
2 - Offset 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
2 - Trimmed offset 2-D spline Not supported; convert entity to
2-D spline (or 3-D spline or B-spline
curve) first using ICEM DDN.
10 - Nonregenerative 2-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 4
6 Composite curve
Form 1 - general composite curve 102 Composite curve
Subcurves: Subcurves:
Line Line
Arc Arc
ConicRotated cubic spline Conic
3-D spline Parametric spline curve
Parametric spline curve
7 Vector 102 Composite curve, consisting of

6 lines (IGES entity type 110)
8 Point set
If a member of a 402 Associativity, form 7, consisting of lines
drafting group (6) (IGES entity type 110)
If not a member of a 102 Composite curve, consisting of lines (IGES
drafting group entity type 110)
9 3-D spline 112 Parametric spline curve, form 3
91
10 Machining curve The supporting type 14 entities

are translated as:
106 Copious data, forms 11, 12, 13 (form 13
excluded if curve used for surface definition)
11 String 102 Composite curve

Subentities: Subentities:
Lines Lines
Arcs Arcs
12 Rectangular array 412 Rectangular array

subfigure instance
Base entities:
Point used. It must be processed prior to process-
Line ing IGES entity type 412.
Arc
Array
13 Circular array 414 Circular array subfigure instance

Base entities:
Point used. It must be processed prior to process-
Line ing IGES entity type 414.
Arc
Array
14 Copious data
Forms:
0 - Standard 106 Copious data, specific form
depends on use.
1 - N/C toolpath copious Not supported
2 - N/C tool image copious Not supported
3 or 4 - B-spline control points Translated along with
type 26 or 31 entities.
9 - Drafting copious data Not applicable
92
15 Group (4)
Forms:
1-Standard 402 Associativity, form 7,
2-Balloon (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,
3-Surface texture symbol 402 Associativity, form 7,
4-Datum target (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,
5-Polyline 402 Associativity, form 7,
6-Welding symbol 402 Associativity, form 7,
7-Drafting leader 402 Associativity, form 7,
8-Cutting plane line 402 Associativity, form 7,
22-Trimmed linear dimension (equivalent 216 Linear dimension (trimming of dimension
to type 62) lines not captured; trimming of witness lines
is captured)
30-Feature frame 402 Associativity, form 7,
32 212 General note
33 214 Leader (arrow)
34 106 Witness line
35 210 General label
36 202 Angular dimension
37 206 Diameter dimension
38 208 Flag note
39 216 Linear dimension
40 218 Ordinate dimension
15 Group (4)
Forms:
41 220 Point dimension
42 222 Radius dimension
44 228 General symbol
16 Variable tables Not supported
17 Surface curve – The “underlying” curve referenced by an

ICEM Type 17 entity is translated to a sup-
port curve for an IGES type 142 (curve on
parametric surface) or 141 (boundary).
18 Plane 108 Plane, form 1

106 Copious data, form 12
19 Surface of revolution 110 Line to define the axis of rotation

120 Surface of revolution
Base curves:
20 Tabulated cylinder 122 Tabulated cylinder

Base curves:
21 Ruled/developable surface 118 Ruled surface (3)

Base curves:
Any valid single curve or point Any curve listed as translating in this table.
One of the two base curves can be a point.
93
22 Curve mesh surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS

surface first, using ICEM.
23 Fillet surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS

25 Surface curve surface – The “underlying” surface referenced by an

ICEM Type 25 entity is translated to the sur-
face that is trimmed (bounded) by an IGES
type 144 (trimmed surface) or 143 (bounded
surface). See ICEM Type 27.
26 NURBS surface
Subtypes:
Bi-cubic nonrational 114 Parametric spline surface
(directive option)
All forms 128 Rational B-spline surface
27 Trimmed surface 144 Trimmed surface (default) or

143 Bounded surface (directive option)
29 Composite surface Component surfaces are translated; you can

convert entity to a NURBS surface using
ICEM.
30 Curve-driven surface Not supported; convert entity to a NURBS

31 NURBS curve
Cubic nonrational 112 Parametric spline curve
(directive option)
All forms 126 Rational B-spline curve
32 Linear dimension
Forms:
0 - Standard linear dimension 216 Linear dimension
2 - ANSI rectangular 216 Linear dimension
coordinate dimension
2 - DIN coordinate dimension 218 Ordinate dimension
33 Radius dimension 222 Radius dimension
34 Label/taper/chamfer dimension
Forms:
0 , 1- Standard label 210 General label
3 - Conical taper dimension Not supported
4 - Flat taper dimension Not supported
5 - Chamfer dimension 210 General label
35 Diameter dimension 206 Diameter dimension
36 Angular dimension
Forms:
0, 1 - Standard angular dimension 222 Angular dimension
2 - Shouldered angular dimension 222 Angular dimension
3 - Arc length dimension Not supported
4 - Shouldered arc length dimension Not supported
94
37 General note
Forms:
1 - Standard note 212 General note
2 - Note parallel to line 212 General note
3 - Note parallel to arc Not supported
38 Centerline
Forms:
1 - Through a set of points 106 Copious data,
2 - Through a set of arcs form 20 or 21
and bolt circles Not supported
3 - Detail magnified centerline Not supported
39 Section lining (1) 106 Copious data

Forms:
0-63 Mapped to forms 31-38
40 Special symbols (4)

Forms:
0-Feature frame/reference symbol/balloon 402 Associativity, form 7, plus the component
(DIN only) (feature frame is a subentity of a entities
type 70 entity; reference symbol is equiva-
lent to type 75; balloon is equivalent to
type 72)
1-Feature frame (ANSI only) (subentity of
a type 70 entity) 402 Associativity, form 7,
2-Datum feature (ANSI only) (equivalent to plus the component entities
type 76) 402 Associativity, form 7,
3-Composite feature frame (ANSI only) plus the component entities
(subentity of a type 70 entity) 402 Associativity, form 7,
41 Template Not supported
42 Part instance Not supported. Use the ICEM DDN unlink

feature to merge instanced parts into the
part to be translated.
43 Work axis Not supported
44 Set Associativity, form 7, plus the component

entities
45 Systems GPG, inserts, and N/C modals Not supported
46 Toolpaths Not supported
47 Composite toolpath Not supported
48 Toolpath GPG Not supported
49 Tool Not supported
95
50 Systems (2) 404 Drawing

410 View-view scale is determined
from layout
108 View clipping planes are derived
from the layout (Z-clipping
is ignored)
406 Associativity Forms:
15 - User-defined
layout name only is used
16 - Size is from layout
17 - Drawing unit of measure
(same as DDN PART)
All others Not supported
51 CSG node, B-Rep (Reference) Not supported
52 Primitives Not supported
55 Loop 142 Curve on parametric surface or

141 Boundary
58 Metacurve 102 Composite curve
60 Data point set Not supported
61 Data structure Not supported
62 Trimmed linear dimension (5) 216 Linear dimension (trimming of dimension

(equivalent to type 15, form 22) lines not captured; trimming of witness lines
is captured)
70 Feature frame (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

72 Balloon (5) equivalent to: type 15, form 2 402 Associativity, form 7,
(ANSI only) type 40, plus the component entities
form 0 (DIN)
73 Surface texture symbol (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

74 Datum target (5) (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

75 Reference symbol (5) (DIN only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

76 Datum feature (5) (ANSI only) 402 Associativity, form 7,

77 Polyline (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

78 Welding symbol (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

79 Drafting leader (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

80 Cutting plane line (5) 402 Associativity, form 7,

96
7.4 Transfer from ICEM Surf DB to IGES
86- 87 Local Instance Master Not supported.

Local Instance Use the ICEM DDN unlink feature to merge
local instances into the part to be translated.
7.4 Transfer from ICEM Surf DB to IGES
ICEM Surf DB IGES Type

Point Point (116)
Curve Segment/Arc/Circle Circular Arc (100)
Raw Data Segment Copious Data (106, Forms 11-13)
Curve Segment Rational B-Spline Curve (126) in Standard mode without direc-
tive or with *CONVERT,NURBS_CURVE=NONE directive
Curve Segment (cubic, non-rational) Parametric Spline Curve (112) with *CON-
VERT,NURBS_CURVE=EXACT directive
Patch Rational B-Spline Surface (128) in Standard mode without

directive or with *CONVERT,NURBS_SURFACE=NONE direc-
tive
Patch (bi-cubic, non-rational) Parametric Spline Surface (114) with *CON-

VERT,NURBS_SURFACE=EXACT directive
Face Trimmed Surface (144)
97
Glossary
Glossary
Annotation
Text entries associated with geometric entities, such as drawing notes, dimensions, and properties.
ANSI
American National Standards Institute. English (U.S. customary) dimensions are specified in feet
and/or inches. Metric dimensions are specified in millimeters.
Blanking
A process applied to entities in a current part, where the entities remain in the part but are not dis-
played on the screen. Contrast with Deleting.
Data Translation Process

The process of translating graphic data between the IGES data file and DDN PART.
Deleting
The processing of removing an entity from a part and from the data base. Contrast with Blanking.
Dormant Entity
An entity created by the system to define another entity. Dormant entities cannot be displayed or
manipulated. All dormant entities have sequence numbers.
Drawing Entity
An entity that specifies which annotations will appear in a drawing.
Entity
The representation of a geometric construction in the ICEM data base. Examples are points, lines,
arcs, and spheres.
Environment variable
An environment variable is a name with an assigned value or character string defined by a shell
script/system control language. An environment variable can be accessed by programs.
98
Glossary
Header
The first block of information in the IGES file start section describing in rather free format: name and
number of part, sending company and department, name of designer and telephone number, etc.
Some institutions, like the VDA, have normed headers.
ICEM
ICEM Technologies' Integrated Computer-aided Engineering and Manufacturing software application
for Design, Drafting, and Numerical Control.
Level
The assigned status of an entity in a system, used for management purposes.
License
A permission to use a program or product. The mechanism of controlling such a permission can be
realized by a license file.
Mapping
The process of matching IGES entities and annotations with similar ICEM entities and annotations.
Matrix
A scheme to position a model/geometric entity in the space. A matrix can also be used to transform/
map entities from one into another space. Especially 2-D entities like circles make use of the matrix
and a view is defined by a matrix.
Network
Several connected computers form a network.
Network Licensing
Users within a network share programs/products. The number of simultaneous users of a program/
product is limited through network licensing. See also "license".
99
Glossary
Part Instance Entity

The part instance entity is an ICEM DDN entity which references another part. The instance entity
displays (positions, rotates, scales) the instanced part in the instancing part without actually copying
or even merging it. This process is named (part) instancing. The process of resolving instances
(merge the instanced parts and remove the instance entities) is called "unlink". ICEM DDN contains
this feature. There is a similar feature "Local Instance Entity" for which a "Local Instance Master"
takes the place of the external referenced part. Local instances may also be unlinked.
Parameter
A program statement variable whose values determine the operation or characteristics of a system.
Postprocessor
The IGES processor that translates an IGES file to a DDN PART data file.
Preprocessor
The IGES processor that translates a DDN PART data file to an IGES file.
Translating
The process of converting the file, language, and system protocols of one system to a compatible
form on another system.
Transmission Header
See Header.
VDAIS Header
See Header.
View
A display of coordinate space. In other words, the way to look at a model/geometry under a certain
angle.
100
Index
Index
Symbols *CON- Output 28, 29

$$ directive 41 VERT,COMPOSITE_CURVE Format
49 Directives 33
A *CON- Messages 61
Annotation 9 VERT,COPIOUS_DATA_FO
AV directive 41 RM_123 50 G
*CONVERT,NAME 47 Geometric entities 8
B *CON- Global section 9
BEGINAND directive 42 VERT,WILSON_FOWLER_S
PLINE 48 H
C *DEBUG 50 Header 17, 58
CALS 8 *DEFINE 50 Header file 29
Commands *DE-
iges_post 29 FINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD I
iges_pre 28 _UNITS 51 ICEM IGES commands 27
CONVERT directive 43 *DEFINE,LEVEL 51 ICEM PART 18
CONVERT directives relating to NURBS *DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE 52 ICEM symbols 19
(B-spline) Geometry 48 *DEFINE,TOLERANCE 52 ICEM_ACN 26
CONVERT,ASSOCIATIVITY directive 49 *DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV 53 IDENTIFY directive 57
CONVERT,CHARACTER=PROPOR- *DS 55 IGES
TIONAL directive 47 *ENDAND 55 File sections
CONVERT,COMPOSITE_CURVE direc- *ENDSTS 56 Directory entry 9
tive 49 *EXCLUDE 56 Global 9
CON- *IDENTIFY 57 Parameter 9
VERT,COPIOUS_DATA_FOR *INCLUDE (*SELECT) 57 Formats 8
M_123 directive 50 *SCALE 58 Postprocessor 9
CONVERT,NAME directive 47 *SELECT (*INCLUDE) 58 Preprocessor 17
CON- *SETSTS 58 Translator 10
VERT,WILSON_FOWLER_S *SKIP (*EXCLUDE) 59 IGES symbols 19
PLINE directive 48 Selectable objects 34 iges_post command 29
Selectable parameters 35 iges_pre command 28
D Selectable subsets 36 INCLUDE (*SELECT) directive 57
DDN PART 9, 17 Selectable verbs 34 Information messages 62
Release revision level 17 Directory entry section 9 Input file 28, 29
DEBUG directive 50 Dormant entities 19 Instancing, structure 18
DEFINE directive 50 Drafting standard 10
DE- Drawing L
FINE,CHANGE_TO_WORLD Annotation 9 License file 26
_UNITS directive 51 Entity 9 List file 28, 29, 60
DEFINE,LEVEL directive 51 Number 9 Log file 33
DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE directive DS directive 55
52 M
DEFINE,TOLERANCE directive 52 E Mapping
DEFINE,UNIT_TRIM_REV directive 53 ENDAND directive 55 ICEM to IGES entities 19
Directive ENDSTS directive 56 IGES to ICEM entities 10
Error messages 85 Entity Messages 60
File 28, 29 Geometric 8 Directive errors 85
Format 33 Nongeometric 8 Directive warnings 87
Warning messages 87 Environment variable 26 Error, information, warning 62
Directive control 33 Error messages 62 Format 61
Dependent entities 34 Error/log file 33 List file 60
Directives 41 EXCLUDE directive 56 Summary table 60
$$ 41 Executing ICEM IGES with commands 26 MIL 28000 8
*AV 41
*BEGINAND 42 F N
*CONVERT 43 Files Native format 8
*CONVERT directives relating to Directive 28, 29 Neutral format 8
NURBS (B-spline) geometry 48 Error/log 33 Nongeometric entities 8
*CONVERT,ASSOCIATIVITY 49 Header 29
*CONVERT,CHARACTER 43 Input 28, 29 O
*CONVERT,CHARACTER=PRO- List 28, 29 Objects, selectable 34
PORTIONAL 47 Log 33 Output file 28, 29
101
Index
P SKIP (*EXCLUDE) directive 59 Units of measure 10

Parameter section 9 Subsets, selectable 36 Translator version 17
Parameters, selectable 35 Summary table 60 Transmission header 17
Part instance entity 18
Postprocessor 9 T U
Preprocessor 17 Tolerance Unlink 18
*DEFINE,LOOP_TOLERANCE di-
R rective 52 V
Release revision level 17 *DEFINE,TOLERANCE directive 52 VDA 8, 18
Checking 10 VDAIS 8, 18, 48
S Transferring VDAIS header 18, 58
SCALE directive 58 DDN PART to IGES DATA 28 VDMA 8
SELECT (*INCLUDE) directive 58 IGES DATA to a DDN PART 29 Verbs, selectable 34
Selectable Translating 9 Version, translator 17
Objects 34 Dormant entities 19 View layout 9, 19
Parameters 35 Drafting entities 10
Subsets 36 ICEM part instances 18 W
Verbs 34 ICEM view layouts 19 Warning messages 62, 87
SETSTS directive 58 IGES drawing entity 9
Shell Scripts 31 Name of entity 43
102

ICEM Surf 4.4.0 Iges

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ICEM Surf 4.4.0 Iges

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ICEM IGES Translator

© ICEM Ltd. 2004

Copyright © 2003 ICEM Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

Registered Trade Marks of ICEM Ltd. or a Subsidiary

Trade marks of ICEM Ltd. or a Subsidiary

Third-Party Trade Marks

Licensed Third-Party Technology Information

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND

ICEM Technologies GmbH

Phone: +49 (0) 6102 366 9090

ICEM Technologies, Inc.

Phone: USA & Canada: +1 800 692 7322

Fax: +1 734 462 1039

ICEM Technologies GmbH

Phone: +49 6102 366 9000

ICEM Technologies, Inc.

Phone: +1 734 462 1795

2 Translating from IGES to ICEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Translating from ICEM to IGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

4 Executing the IGES Translator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

5.7.16 *SKIP (*EXCLUDE) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7 Extended Entity Mapping Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Table 1 IGES Entities Translated to ICEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 Translating from IGES to ICEM

2.1 Processing IGES Information

• File processing control information (parameter and record delimiters)

2.1.1 Translating the IGES Drawing Entity

2.1.2 Translating Units of Measure

2.1.3 Translating Drafting Entities

2.2 Mapping IGES Entities to ICEM Entities

Table 1 IGES Entities Translated to ICEM

Type IGES Entity Type ICEM Entity

0 Null entity Ignored

100 Circular arc 3 Circle

Type IGES Entity Type ICEM Entity

102 Composite curve 6 Composite curve

104 Conic arc 4 Conic (1)

106 Copious data

108 Plane (2)

110 Line 2 Line

112 Parametric spline

114 Parametric spline surface 26 Maps to one or more NURBS surfaces.

116 Point 1 Point

Type IGES Entity Type ICEM Entity

118 Ruled surface 21 Ruled/developable surface

120 Surface of revolution 19 Surface of revolution

122 Tabulated cylinder 20 Tabulated cylinder or

123 Direction Not supported

124 Transformation matrix TABLE 4 matrices (3)

125 Flash Not supported

126 Rational B-spline curve 31 NURBS curve

128 Rational B-spline surface 26 NURBS surface

130 Offset curve Not supported

132 Connect point Not supported

134 Node Not supported

136 Finite element Not supported

138 Nodal displacement and rotation Not supported

140 Offset surface 28 Offset surface

141 Boundary 55 Loop

142 Curve on parametric surface 55 Loop

143 Bounded surface 27 Trimmed surface

144 Trimmed surface 27 Trimmed surface

146 Nodal results Not supported

5.7.16 SKIP (EXCLUDE) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59