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Week 10 Types of Accumulators
Week 10 Types of Accumulators
Introduction
History
Types of Hydraulic Accumulator
Functions of Accumulator
Accumulator design consideration
Application
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
A Hydraulic Accumulator is energy storage device.
It is pressure storage reservoir in which a non-
compressible hydraulic fluid is held under pressure by an
external source.
The external source used can be a spring, a raised
weight, or a compressed gas.
The main reasons that an accumulator is used in a
hydraulic system, is that the pump doesn’t need to be so
large to cope with extremes of demand and supply circuit
can respond quickly to any temporary demand and to
smooth pulsation.
HISTORY
First Hydraulic accumulator was made
by William Armstrong in 1846 built a
crane powered by water of town mains
at Newcastle, United Kingdom.
4. Spring accumulator
1. TOWER TYPE ACCUMULATOR
The first accumulators for
Armstrong’s hydraulic dock
machinery were simple raised water
tower.
It uses hydraulic head
It delivers constant pressure to the
output
LIMITATIONS :
LIMITATIONS :
Compressed ratio is
limited, approximately 4:1
Bladder failure.
b) DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
A similar to bladder type, expect an elastomeric
diaphragm is used in place of a bag.
This would typically reduce the usable volume of the
accumulator, so the diaphragm accumulator may not
have volume capacity of a bladder accumulator.
Diaphragm accumulator may be spherical or cylindrical.
The main difference with bladder accumulator is an
increased maximum compression ratio of approximately
8:1
It is low weight, compact design and good for shock
applications (good response characteristics)
DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
DIAPHRAGM TYPE ACCUMULATOR
c) PISTON TYPE ACCUMULATOR
This accumulator consists of a cylinder assembly, a
piston assembly, and two end-cap assemblies.
LIMITATIONS :
Response time is more
High cost External
External
4. Spring type accumulator
It uses the energy stored in springs to create a constant force
on the liquid contained in an adjacent ram assembly.
The load characteristics of a spring are such that the energy
storage depends on the force required to compress s spring.
The free (uncompressed) length of a spring represents zero
energy storage.
As a spring is compressed to the maximum installed
length, high pressure value of the liquid in a ram assembly is
established.
As liquid under pressure enters the ram cylinder, causing a
spring to compress, the pressure on the liquid will rise
because of the increased loading required to compress the
spring.
Spring loaded accumulator
It acts according to Hook’s law, magnitude of the force
exerted by the spring is linearly proportional to its
extension.
HYDARULIC SYMBOLS
HYDARULIC SYMBOLS
FUNCTIONS : Where are accumulators used?
Accumulators can be applied creatively in any number of situations, including:
Emergency and safety: An accumulator which is kept constantly under
pressure is valuable in the event of an electrical power failure as it can provide
flow and pressure to perform an additional function or complete a machine
cycle.
Shock or pulsation dampening: An accumulator can be used to cushion the
pressure spike from sudden valve closure, the pulsation from pumps or the load
reaction from sudden movement of parts connected to hydraulic cylinders.
Leakage compensation: An accumulator can be used to maintain pressure
and make-up for lost fluid due to internal leakage of system components
including cylinders and valves.
Thermal expansion: An accumulator can absorb the pressure differences
caused by temperature variations in a closed hydraulic system.
Noise reduction: An accumulator is effective at reducing hydraulic system
noise caused by relief valves, pump pulsations, system shock and other circuit
generated noises.
Energy conservation: An accumulator can be used to supplement a pump
during peak demand thereby reducing the size of the pump and motor
required. The accumulator is charged during low demand portions of the pump
cycle time and then discharges during the high demand portions of the system.
Improved response times: An accumulator (bladder type) has virtually
instantaneous response time that can provide fluid very quickly to fast-acting
valves such as servos and proportional to improve their effectiveness
Accumulator
Adapter Discharge,
fitting, Flange manual
Pressure-
Hydraulic Discharge valve, electric
relief
Symbol (optional)
valve
Manifold Block Gauge
P-port port
Shut-off valve