Name ____Ethan Ruan___________ Period _6_

50 Source List

Source Title of Source URL that has Brief Summary

Type, Author of been tested (Bullet Points or Sentences)
Number Source (must work every
(out of 10) time you click)

Open Marijuana https://  Can be called weed, herb, pot, grass,

source Research www.drugabuse bud, ganja, Mary Jane, etc.
#1 Report .gov/  A greenish-gray mixture of the dried
What is publications/ flowers of Cannabis sativa
marijuana? research-  Marijuana can be smokes or
reports/ consumed
National marijuana/what-  Smoking: used in vaporizers, joints,
Institute on marijuana etc.
Drug Abuse  Consumed: edibles, brewed tea
 The main psychoactive chemical in
marijuana that creates most of the
intoxicating effects that people seek is
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Marijuana https://hbr.org/  Based off evidence from animal

Open Research 2018/09/the- research and the studies in humans,
Source Report social-and- marijuana expose during development
#2 What are political-costs- can cause long term or possibly
marijuana’s of-the-financial- permanent adverse changes in the
long-term crisis-10-years- brain.
effects on the later  Research on rats show that exposure
brain to THC before birth, soon after, and
during adolescence show notable
National problems with specific learning and
Institute on memory tasks later in life.
Drug Abuse  THC causes structural and functional
changes in the hippocampus
 However, the effect on humans is still
debated as some argue that THC
poses little impact on the brain,
whereas others say that THC causes
altered connectivity and reduced
volume of specific brain regions.
 Ultimately, the ability to draw definitive
conclusions about marijuana’s long
term impact on the human brain from
past studies is often limited by the fact
 that study participants use multiple
substances, and there is often limited
data about the participants’ health or
mental functioning prior to the study.

Open Marijuana https://  Most commonly used addictive drug

Source Research www.drugabuse after tobacco and alcohol.
#3 Report .gov/  In 2018, more than 11.8 million young
What is the publications/ adults reported marijuana use in the
scope of research- past year.
marijuana reports/  Marijuana use is more prevalent
use in the marijuana/what- among men than women
United scope-  In 2019, 11.8% of 8th graders reported
States? marijuana-use- marijuana use in the past year.
in-united-states Among 10th graders= 28.8%
National 12th graders= 35.7%
Institute on
Drug Abuse

Where is https://  The legalization of marijuana is

Open Marijuana www.washingto governed at a state level
Source Legal? A npost.com/  While Federal law rules that marijuana
#4 Guide to education/ is illegal many states have legalized
Marijuana 2018/09/21/ recreational marijuana.
Legalization how-great-  These states include Colorado,
recession- Washington, Alaska, Oregon,
Claire changed- Washington DC, California, Maine,
Hansen higher- Massachusetts, Nevada, Michigan,
And education- Vermont, Guam, Illinois, Arizona,
Horus Alas forever/ Montana, New Jersey, South Dakota,
New York, Virginia, New Mexico, and
Connecticut.

https://  Two-thirds of Americans say the use

Open Two-thirds of www.pewresear of marijuana should be legal,
Source Americans ch.org/fact- reflecting a steady increase over the
#5 support tank/ past decade, according to a new Pew
marijuana 2019/11/14/ Research survey
legalization americans-  The share of U.S adults who oppose
support- legalization has fallen from 52% on
Andrew marijuana- 2010 to 32% today (2019)
Daniller legalization/  Around 78% of Democrats and
Democratic-leaning independents say
marijuana should be legal
 Around 55% of Republican and
Republican leaners are in favor of
legalization
 The Silent Generation (born between
1928 and 1945) are the least
supportive
Open The https://  Contrary to the belief that legalizing
Source Economic uhipnj.org/ marijuana would lead to an inrease in
#6 Benefits of economic- the rates of employment and
Legalizing benefits- homelessness, marijuana legalization
Cannabis legalizing/ would in fact actually help the
Usage economy
 States such as California, Colorado,
Alexander and Washington have legalized the
Salerno use of recreational as well as
medicinal marijuana, and these
measures have caused a drastic
improvement in their economy.
 Legalizing cannabis production gives
a rise to a lot of employment
opportunities, especially for farmers
and producers

The https:// In 2019, Colorado collected more than

Open Economic www.investope $302 million in taxes and fees on
Source 7 Benefits of dia.com/ medical and recreational marijuana
Legalizing articles/  Sales in the US were 12.2 billion in
Weed insights/ 2019 and projected to increase to
110916/ $31.1 billion by 2024
Mrinalini economic-  A report from the Colorado State
Krishna benefits- University-Pueblo’s Institute of
legalizing- Cannabis Research recently found
weed.asp that the legal cannabis industry has
contributed more than $80.8 million to
the local economy in 2017, through
taxes and other fees
 A report from New Frontier suggests
that nationwide legalization could
generate 1 million jobs by 2025.

Open Know the https://  Medical use of cannabis is primary

Source 8 differences spectrumlocaln CBD-based, versuse THC-based.
between ews.com/nys/  CBD is the active ingredient that’s
medical and hudson-valley/ tweaks
recreational news/  Recreational cannabis will likely have
marijuana 2021/06/24/the- more of a THC content
differences-  THC can produce a psychoactive
Dominic between- result, unlike the response received
McKenzie medical-and- after taking CBD
recreational-
marijuana

Open CBD vs. https://  Both CBD and THC are natural
Source 9 THC: What’s www.healthline. compounds found in plants of the
the com/health/cbd- Cannabis genus
 Difference? vs-thc  Hemp and cannabis come from the
Eloise Cannabis Sativa plant
Theisen  THC is the main psychoactive
compound that produces the high
sensation
 Hemp has been removed from the
Controlled Substances Act, but the
Drug Enforcement Administration and
Food and Drug Administration as a
Schedule I drug

Open Study: Teen https://  Marijuana use among teens has not
Source Use of www.usnews.co increased in states that have passed
10 Marijuana m/news/ medical or recreational marijuana
Drops in laws in the past 25 years
healthiest-
States  In fact, legalization may be making it
Where It Is communities/
more difficult for teens to obtain pot.
Legal articles/2019-
 Recreational marijuana laws were
07-08/study- associated with a 8% decrease in the
Katelyn teen-use-of- likelihood of teens trying marijuana as
Newman marijuana- well as a 9% reduction in the odds of
drops-in-states- frequent marijuana use.
where-it-is-legal  This trend may be because “it is more
difficult for teenagers to obtain
marijuana as drug dealers are
replaced by licensed dispensaries that
require proof of age

Historical History of https://  Medical use of marijuana dates back

Source Marijuana www.recovery.o at least 5,000 years.
#1 rg/marijuana/  Most of the marijuana use in the past
Brittany history/ was used as medicine to treat grout,
Tackett arthritis, migraines, and syphilis
 Marijuana was used for spiritual use in
India
 In the 1600s, colonists just the
marijuana plant, hemp, to make
clothing, rope, and sails.
 The Virginia Assembly passed
legislation requiring all farmers to
grow hemp

Historical History of https://  Mexican immigrants who entered the

Source Recreational marijuana.proco United States during the 1910
#2 Marijuana n.org/history-of- Mexican Revolution, reportedly
recreational- introduced Americans to smoking
Britannica marijuana/ marijuana for recreational purposes
 Originally, Anslinger focused on
fighting marijuana by connecting
 cannabis with vice and sin.
 In 1970, President Richard Nixon sign
the 1970 Controlled Substances Act
which makes marijuana illegal under
federal law to this day.
 Ronald Reagan started the war on
drugs and in the 1990s, marijuana
arrests increased more than doubling
between 1990 to 2002.

Historical US Supreme https://  In Gonzales v. Raich, the US

Source Court says www.ncbi.nlm.ni Supreme Court rule six-three that
#3 no to medical h.gov/pmc/ medical use of marijuana was illegal,
marijuana articles/ despite the laws in 11 states to permit
PMC558405/ the use.
Janice  The Supreme Court relied on the
Hopkins commerce clause and ruled that the
Tanne legal use of medical marijuana in
California might influence marijuana
sales in the illegal interstate market
 Since marijuana was illegal and
Congress has yet to pass a bill
legalizing it, it was Constitution to rule
in this way

Historical The https://  In 1976, the Alaska Supreme Court

Source continuing www.thefreelibr ruled that the Alaska Constitution’s
#4 vitality of ary.com/ right to privacy protects an adult’s
Ravin v. The+continuing ability to use and possess a small
State: +vitality+of+Rav amount of marijuana in the home for
Alaskans still in+v.+State personal use
have a %3A+Alaskans  Alaska is the first and only state or
constitutional +still+have+a…- federal court to announce
right to a0327356529 a constitutional privacy right that
possess protects some level of marijuana use
marijuana in and possession
the privacy of  However, current Alaskan criminal
their home code prohibits possession of any
amount of marijuana, as does the
Jason federal Controlled Substances Act
Brandeis
Historical The https://  Before the 1930s, there were few
Source Surprising time.com/ regulations on the sale and use of
#5 Link Between 5572691/420- cannabis in the United States
US marijuana-  As a result, major US pharmaceutical
Marijuana mexican- firms were importing cannabis from
Law and the immigration/ India, in a format that was “ideal for
History of smoking purposes”
Immigration  These pharmacists knew that this
cannabis was being used
Olivia B. recreationally.
Waxman  In fact, many Mexicans were crossing
the border into the US to buy
cannabis in pharmacies and take it
back to Mexico for personal use or
distribution.
 However, the US began to adopt anti-
immigrant sentiment connecting
marijuana with Mexicans.

Historical Why Was https://  The Marijuana Act of 1937 led to the
Source Hemp wayofleaf.com/ prohibition of both hemp and
#6 Banned After hemp/why-was- marijuana plants.
World War hemp-banned-  Hemp quickly came to prominence as
II? after-world-war- an unlikely war material.
ii  Once the US and Canada were
Patrick Lynch involved in the war, both countries
lifted restrictions
 This allowed people to grow hemp
because hemp could be used and
processed into cloth, rope, etc.
 After the war, although the US tried to
stop the growth of hemp, many people
and farmers uncovered the various
usage of the plant.
Historical A brief history https://  The first efforts to legalize marijuana
Source of public www.washin in the US occurred in the 1960s
#7 opinion on gtonpost.com  In the 1970s, 11 states decriminalized
Marijuana /local/a-brief- marijuana possession in the 1970s,
legalization history-of- which led to much stricter
public- enforcement of drug laws.
The opinion-on-  In the 1970s, 84% of Americans
Washington marijuana- favored to “keep it illegal”
Post legalization/  By 1990, even more Americans
2014/02/21/7 wanted to keep it illegal
7c04e40-  But by the 2000s, that number
9b4a-11e3- significantly decreased, eventually
975d- decreasing to only 45% of Americans
107dfef7b66 wanting to keep it illegal
8_graphic.ht
ml

Historical Marijuana Tax https://  The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 is

Source #8 Act of 1937: americanmar cited as the first step of the US federal
What you need ijuana.org/ government ban of cannabis.
to know marijuana-  This law set a precedent and has
tax-act-of- paved the ongoing laws regarding the
Dwight K. 1937/ prohibition and use of cannabis
Blake  This law was written by Harry
Anslinger, an infamous anti-cannabis
prohibitionist
 While this act does not make
marijuana illegal, it requires every
person who sells, acquire, dispense,
or possess marijuana to register to the
IRS and pay a special occupational
tax
 This severely decreased the interests
in marijuana
 Essentially this act caused lots of
government regulation.

Historical G.I.s’ Drug Use  Armed servicemen of the Vietnam

Source #9 in Vietnam War used drugs more heavily than
Soared- With any previous generation of enlisted
Their US troops.
Commanders’  According to a 1971 report by the
Help Department of Defense, 51% of
armed forces had smoke marijuana.
Adam Janos  Although illegal in the US, many
soldier smoked marijuana while on
duty in Vietnam
 At first, the US government turned a
 blind eye
 However, after reports came out
exposing the US, the Army began
clamping down on marijuana usage,
arresting roughly 1000 G.I.s per week
for possession.
 US public opinion blamed marijuana
to US failures in Vietname

Historical A Brief History https://  In 1996, California voters approved

Source of Marijuana time.com/ Proposition 215, the first legislation
#10 Law in America 4298038/ legalizing marijuana for medical
marijuana- purposes at the state level.
Scott C. Martin history-in-  However, under The Controlled
america/ Substances Act, a federal law,
marijuana was illegal under federal
law since it was categorized under
Schedule 1.
 By the 1970s and 80s, many states
passed laws at the state level
introducing medical marijuana,
causing a debate over state v. federal
supremacy.

Current Do Medical https://  As of July 2014, 22 states and the

Climate Marijuana www.jstor.org/ District of Columbia passed laws that
Source #1 Laws Increase stable/ allow individuals with designated
Hard-Drug 10.1086/6840 conditions to use marijuana for
Use? 43 medical purposes
 Medical marijuana laws are
Yu-Wei Luke associated with a 10-20 percent
Chu increase in arrests for marijuana
possession
 Wen, Hockenberry, and Cummings,
conducted a report and did not find
any empirical evidence on the
relationship between medical
marijuana laws and hard-drug use, in
fact it is almost non-existent
 There is evidence of marijuana use
increasing after the passage of
medical marijuana laws.

Current The Economic https://  Legalization will reduce the need for
Climate Impacts of www.drugfre prosecutorial, judicial, correctional,
Source #2 Marijuana e.org.au/ and police resource spending by
Legalization images/pdf- approximately $7.7 billion.
files/library/  Although marijuana advocates claim
David G. Medical_Mari that marijuana taxation, licensing, and
Evans juana/
 MarijuanaLe industy could generate more than
galization- $8.7 billion in government revenue,
DavidEvans. the value of gains cannot be gauged
pdf at this time because revenues from
licensing and industry vary by state.
 In addition, the impact of black-market
supply on consumer demands is
unknown
 Overall, it is not possible to accurately
estimate these additional costs at this
time.

Current Early Impacts https://  Policy experts predict that illegal

Climate of Marijuana www.ncbi.nl markets will cause the price of
Source #3 Legalization: m.nih.gov/ marijuana to fall precipitously over the
An Evaluation pmc/ long run.
of Prices in articles/  For the case of medical marijuana
Colorado and PMC554443 policies, researchers found that prices
Washington 4/ started to decline post policy adoption
due to illegal markets.
Priscillia Hunt  There is good reason to believe that
and Rosalie recreational markets within these
Liccardo states may not take as long to
Pacula transition as medical markets have
 For example, early evidence on sales
data in WA suggests that average
prices of recreational marijuana began
to fall within months of the stores
opening.

Current The Impact of https://  Policy makers had two main goals for
Climate Marijuana www.jstor.or the marijuana policy they passed: to
Source #4 Decriminalizati g/stable/ minimize health and safety hazards
on: An Update 3342518 associated with use, and to minimize
the social costs and adverse
Eric W. Single individual consequences that result
from attempts to control use
 In many surveys, most nonusers cited
potential health risks as the main
reason for not using marijuana, not
because of the fear of punishment.
 As a result, many marijuana laws
were not as effective because people
were not afraid of the punishments
and therefore black-market marijuana
grew rampant
 In short, “decriminalization” laws of
marijuana does not appear to have a
major impact on rates of use, but have
 had an impact on the criminal justice
system, and savings related to drug
enforcement and its resources.

Current The Effect of https://  State legalizations have had minor

Climate State www.jstor.or effects, except for state tax revenue,
Source #5 Marijuana g/stable/ as states that have decriminalized
Legalizations: resrep30177 recreational marijuana have collected
2021 Update millions of dollars in state tax revenue
 Legalizing states display higher and
Angela Dills, increasing rates of use prevalence,
Sietse Goffard, but these patterns existed prior to
Jeffrey Miron, legalization- meaning that black
and Erin Partin market marijuana was popular
 As for the youth, participation rates
are reportedly higher in legalizing
states than in the United States as a
whole
 There is no clear relationship of
marijuana legalization leading to the
decrease of people consuming
alcohol

Current Colorado https://  Increased marijuana use after

Climate Cannabis www.bumc.b legalization has been accompanied by
Source #6 Legalization u.edu/ an increase in the number of ED visits
and Its Effect emergencym and hospitalizations related to acute
on Emergency edicine/ marijuana intoxication
Care files/  The prevalence of hospitalizations for
2016/08/MJ- marijuana exposure in patient aged 9
Howard S. Kim legalization- years and older doubled after the
and Andrew A, and-impact- legalization of medical marijuana and
Monte on-EM- that ED visits nearly doubled after the
care.pdf legalization of recreational marijuana,
 In the years after both medical and
recreational marijuana legalization,
the call volume for marijuana
exposure doubled compared with that
during the year before legalization

Current Effects of https://  Two years after the legalization, about

Climate Regulation pdxscholar.li 40% of cannabis transactions in
Source Intensity of brary.pdx.ed Colorado were made through illegal
#7 Marijuana u/cgi/ channels
Black Market viewcontent.  Many marijuana consumers preferred
After cgi? to purchase cannabis products from
Legalization article=6115 the black market because relatively
&context=op cheaper prices and easy accessibility
Sikang Song en_access_e  The black-market has stunted the
tds
 economic success of legal marijuana
sales, due to the resistance of the
high taxation on legal marijuana.

Current Crime and the https://  Legalization of recreational use of

Climate Legalization of ftp.iza.org/ marijuana correlates to a decrease in
Sources Recreational dp10522.pdf crime
#8 Marijuana  Occurs because the laws lead to the
emergence of a legal market
Davide  In addition, legalizing cannabis
Dragone, changes the market structure, driving
Giovanni out illegal dealers, and instead
Prarolo, Paolo creating legal dispensaries.
Vanin, and  Lastly, offenders in jail for minor
Giulio Zanella possession charges are pardoned,
allowing police departments to
reallocate officers to other crime
divisions.

Current Marijuana https://  California passed laws allowing

Climate Legalization www.ncbi.nl recreational marijuana hoping it would
Sources Will Cause m.nih.gov/ curb black market sales, when in fact
#9 Many pmc/ the opposite has occurred
Problems for articles/  There is evidence that this black
Missouri Law PMC669027 market could increase the presence of
Enforcement 3/ Mexican drug cartels
and Schools  Many states that have only passed
laws legalizing medical marijuana
David G. have seen the abuse of such laws
Evans  In addition, a recent analysis of
federal traffic fatality data found the
number of Colorado drivers involved
in fatal crashes who tested positive for
marijuana has doubled since 2013.

Current Legalization of https://  After the legalization of recreational

Climate Marijuana and iu.pressbook marijuana, legislators in states that
Source Its Effects on s.pub/ legalized marijuana are trying to find a
#10 Licit and Illicit perspectives balance between a high enough tax to
Markets in the 2/chapter/ make enough money, but also keep it
United States legalization- low enough to incentivize and attract
of-marijuana- people to leave the black market.
Adeline Dixon and-its-  Violent crimes in states where
effects-on- marijuana was legalized have
licit-and-illicit- dropped 12.5%
markets-in-  The markets in legalized states are
the-united- essentially fueling the black market in
states/ non-legalized states
 Legalization of marijuana has actually
 increased the black markets in
surrounding state because access is
far easier than before marijuana was
legalized.
 Ultimately, government regulation has
been the reason for a rise in black
markets. Customers, farmers, and
retails are faced with heavy taxes and
government regulation causing them
to turn to the black market.

Methods Patients and https://  This study used in-depth recorded

Source #1 Caregivers www.jstor.or interviews of medical marijuana
Report Using g/stable/ patients
Medical humjsocrel.3  Using both “regular” patients and
Marijuana to caregivers, the methods took
5.24
Decrease interviews at locations of the patient’s
Prescription choosing
Narcotics Use  The study also used partial purposive
sampling
David C.
Peters II

Methods Long-term https://  A total of 110 participants were used

Source #2 effects of www.jstor.or consisting of 62 non-using controls
marijuana use g/stable/ and 48 marijuana users. They were
on the brain 43279411 recruited through fliers and media
advertisement in the Albuquerque
Francesca M. NM, metro area.
Filbey, Sina  The inclusion criteria for all of the
Aslan, Vince D. participants were as follows: English
Calhoun, as the primary language; and no
Jeffrey S. current or history of psychosis;
Spence, Eswar traumatic brain injury, or neurological
Damaraju, disorder.
Arvind  Non-using controls had no self-
Caprihan, and reported regular use of marijuana and
Judith Segall had a negative urine drug screen at
baseline.


Methods The Effects of https://  This report conducted agency case

Source #3 Marijuana www.ojp.gov/ studies by requesting 14 out of the 15
Legalization on pdffiles1/nij/ police organizations in Washington
Law grants/ State.
Enforcement 255060.pdf  Then a quantitative analysis on
and Crime: conducted and the stats were
Final Report recorded
 In addition individual interviews were
Mary K. Stohr, conducted with 86 law enforcement
 Dale W. Willits, representatives and two legal
David A. prosecutors.
Makin, Craig  During interviews recording devices
Hemmens, were used and notes were taken.
Nicholas P.
Lovrich, Duane
L. Stanton, and
Mikala Meize

Methods Marijuana Use https://  This method used a survey.

Source #4 at School and www.jstor.org/  The participants were 1,161
Achievement- stable/ adolescents in high school.
Linked 41343019  Eleven public high schools (6 urban, 5
Behaviors suburban) were selected as a cross-
section of high schools in western
Kristin V. Finn New York State. Within each school,
students from grades 9 through 12
were selected to participate in the
study by having schools randomly
select classes that represented a
cross-section of the student body by
race, gender, and grade level.
 The participants were evenly
distributed across grades 9 through
12. 49% attended urban schools, 48%
were male, 68% were White, 25%
Black, and 7% Hispanic.
 55% lived with both biological parents,
12% with a parent and stepparent,
27% in single-parent households, and
6% lived in other family arrangements.
 53% were employed at least part-time
during the school year.
 Measured academic achievement and
marijuana use

Methods Potential Tax https://  This report uses a collection of

Source #5 Revenue from www.jstor.or publicly available data to connect and
a Regulated g/stable/ come to a conclusion
Marijuana 3487191  Using statistics from the National
Market: A Narcotics Intelligence Consumers
Meaningful Committee and the Drug Enforcement
Revenue Administration, the report calculates
Source the estimated sources for
consumption
Michael R.  In addition, the report uses a survey
Caputo and sponsored by the National Institute of
Brian J. Drug Abuse
Ostrom
Method Effects of https://  The method used pregnant women
Source #6 Marijuana Use www.jstor.org/ who were recruited from three rural
during stable/ communities in Jamaica
Pregnancy on 1131016  The communities were selected
Newborn Cry based on their representativeness and
the presence of rural working-class
Barry M. Lester women, a prenatal clinic, and a
and Melanie marijuana- or ganja-using population
Dreher  Then the pregnant women were
interviewed for further vetting
 20 marijuana users and 20 non-users
were analyzed
 Used both interviews question and
experimental empirical data.

Method Estimating the https://  Arriving at an accurate estimate of

Source #7 Quasi- www.jstor.org/ total activity for any economic sector
Underground: stable/ is problematic
Oregon’s humjsocrel.36.  This difficulty is greater with informal
Informal 118 activity/illegal.
Marijuana  The studies generally used to
Economy estimate the size of underground
economics are direct microlevel
Seth S. surveys, indirect monetary measures,
Crawford and indirect nonmonetary measures.
 Critics argued that the willingness of
respondents to provide potentially
incriminating information about their
activities, leading to a downward
biasing of results
 However, interviews with both
suppliers and consumers of
underground goods resulted in
equivalent levels of informal
participation, and others noted an
inherent willingness of respondents to
discuss their participation.
 The main difficulty is extrapolating the
results of a narrow sample to a larger
geographic area as well as locating
willing respondents

Method Do Black and https://  7 qualitative interviews were

Source #8 White digitalcommo conducted where the interviewer
Americans ns.butler.edu asked individuals about their views of
Hold Different /cgi/ marijuana legalization.
Views on viewcontent.  The researcher had to use
Marijuana cgi? interviewees that were representative
Legalization? article=1126 of the region and population.
 Analyzing the &contex  Interviews took place over the phone
Impact of “The t=bjur lasting approximately thirty minutes.
War on Drugs”  Interviews were semi-structured in
on Racialized nature, as follow up questions were
Perceptions of asked when more information was
Legalizing needed to determine their opinions
Marijuana

Benjamin S.
Kaminoff

Method Marijuana Use https://  This method used an online cross-

Source #9 in Canada: core.ac.uk/ sectional survey that was conducted
Patterns of reader/ within a timeframe
Use Among 144148505  Participants had to be Canadian, at
Medical least 18 years old, used medical
Marijuana marijuana in the past 30 days legally,
Users and had access to email.
 Before the start of the survye,
Samantha participants were provided with the
Shiplo statement clarifying terms and
phrases.
 Demographics of the participant were
also asked

Method Marijuana https://  This report utilized data compiled from

Source Prohibition in www.jstor.or 2000 to 2008 by the California Justice
#10 California: g/stable/ Department’s Criminal Justice
Racial 43497489 Statistics Center
Prejudice and  They used the stats to see if the
Selective incarcerated rate of certain races
Arrests dramatically varies with whites.
 Since the State of California has the
Kenneth duty to collect, analyze, and report
Michael White statistical data, this data can be
and Mirya R. trusted.
Holman

Discipline The https://  The objective of this research is to

Source #1 Effectiveness publikationen evaluate the effectiveness of
of .uni- incarceration-based drug treatment
Incarceration- tuebingen.de programs in reducing post-release
Based Drug /xmlui/ recidivism and drug relapse.
Treatment on bitstream/  After researching synthesized results
Criminal handle/ from 74 evaluations of incarceration
Behavior: A 10900/64685 based drug treatment programs, they
Systematic / found that while support for these
Review Mitchell_Inca programs are high, actual
rceration- effectiveness were negligible
Ojmarrh Based_Drug  Boot camps also had no substantive
 Mitchell, David _Treatment.p effect.
B. Wilson, and df;jsessionid
Doris L. =692A2C60C
Mackenzie 0A975002B3
35D597CA80
3A5?
sequence=1

Discipline State Medical https://  Not only is the law regarding

Source #2 Marijuana www.jstor.org/ marijuana confusing, but the various
Laws: stable/ medical marijuana laws add to the
Understanding 3343240 confusion
the Laws and  There continues to be a conflict
Their between the state and federal
Limitations government.
 The federal government has yet to
grant the legality of TRP

Discipline Crafting a https://  Currently there is no national plan to

Source #3 Constitutional www.jstor.org/ tax the sale of marijuana instead each
Marijuana Tax stable/ individual state implements their own
43920908 tax
Nima H.  In Colorado, an exercise tax is
Mohebbi, implemented as well as an ad valorem
Samuel T. tax (percentage tax)
GreenBerg,  The reason the Federal government
and Ian S. has yet to implement a national tax is
Speir because it may be unconstitutional.
 The 5th Amendment prohibits
compulsory self-incrimination
 Because of this, if the federal
government can use the fact of
payment or collection of a state tax on
a controlled substance as evidence in
a criminal matter, then state laws
requiring users and retailers to report
and pay the tax amount to compelled
admission of a federal crime

Discipline Chapter Seven https://  Legalizing marijuana will reduce but

Source #4 How www.jstor.org/ not eliminate the burden of enforcing
Legalization in stable/ laws constraining producer and user
Vermont Could 10.7249/ behavior.
Influence Tax j.ctt15zc545.1  The balance between how much to
Revenue, 5 tax while also taxing enough has been
Consumption, a major challenge
and Public  In Vermont, the black market is the
Budgets only competition to the legal
 marijuana
 Competition between amount of tax v.
willing amount people will pay.

Discipline Undesirable https://  Still not quite clear

Source #5 Effects of www.jstor.org/  Causes long-term effects of severe
Marijuana stable/ anxiety, unreality, and frightening
20389059 hypnagogic hallucinations
Peter Dally  Causes crazy decision making
 No psychotic signs, but causes
delusional beliefs
 The combination of marijuana and
LSD has shown very negative effects.

Discipline Illegal Drug https://  Marijuana and cocaine are two of the
Source #6 Use and www.jstor.org/ most used illegal drugs.
Employment stable/  The unemployed use more drugs than
10.1086/3428 the employed
Jeff DeSimone 93  As unemployment rates increase drug
use of marijuana and cocaine
increase
 There is a relationship between illegal
drug use and unemployment

Discipline Key Substance https://  In 2018- an estimated 164.8 million

Source #7 Use and www.samhsa people aged 12 or older were
Mental Health .gov/data/ substance users
Indicators in sites/default/  About 2 out of 5 people aged 12 or
the United files/cbhsq- older did not use substances
States: Results reports/  An estimated 47 million people aged
from the 2018 NSDUHNatio 12 or older were past month cigarette
National nalFindingsR smokers
Survey on eport2018/  10.8 million daily smokers who
Drug Use and NSDUHNatio smoked approximately a pack or more
Health nalFindingsR of cigarettes per day
eport2018.pd  Nearly 1 in 5 people aged 12 or older
Substance f used illicit drug in the past year
Abuse and
Mental Health
Services
Administration

Discipline Legal https://  The global legal marijuana market

Source #8 Marijuana www.grandvi size was valued at USD 9.1 billion in
Market Size, ewresearch.c 2020 and expected to expand at a
Share & om/industry- compound annual growth rate of
Trends Report analysis/ 26.7% from 2021 to 2028
Legal legal-  The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted
Marijuana marijuana-
 Market Size, market the supply chain management of
Share & cannabis products
Trends  Covid-19 legal marijuana market
Analysis impact: 32.1% decline in revenue
Report By growth
Marijuana  The chronic pain segment dominated
Type (Medical, the market in 2020 with a share of
Adult Use), By 44.8%
Product Type
(Flower, Oil),
By Medical
Application
(Chronic Pain,
Mental
Disorders),
And Segment
Forecasts,
2021 – 2028

Grand View
Research

Discipline Opportunities https://  Cannabis has the potential to become

Source #9 for cannabis in www.ncbi.nl some of the most common and
supportive care m.nih.gov/ debilitating symptoms of cancer and
in cancer pmc/ its treatments
articles/  Cannabis shows promise to improve
Amber S. PMC667626 many symptoms of cancer and its
Kleckner, Ian 4/ treatments
R. Kleckner,  Social acceptance is also greatly
Charles S. increasing its use.
Kamen,  However, while 80% of clinicians are
Mohamedtaki discussing cannabis with patients,
A. Tejani, only 30% feel adequately informed to
Michelle C. make recommendations about its use.
Janelsins,
Gary R.
Morrow, and
Luke J.
Peppone
Discipline Prevalence of https://  Nearly 30% of students reported ever
Source Marijuana Use www.ncbi.nl having used marijuana at college
#10 at College m.nih.gov/ entry
Entry and Risk pmc/  Among students who had never used
Factors for articles/ marijuana prior to college, 8.5%
Initiation PMC409871 initiated use during freshman year.
During 1/  These results have implications for
Freshman targeting substance abuse prevention
Year programs on college campuses

Cynthia K.
Suerken, Beth
A. Reboussin,
Erin L. Sutfin,
Kimberly G.
Wagoner, John
Spangler, and
Mark Wolfson