Apilteo English (Grammar a1 | Gomposiltan ANGLO-EENGALI FOR HIGH BGHOOLS vel Martin Sock lakenten (Oy | eb Barska tye iene caiaieenaes ts i Basate , ae ae an Applied English Grammar amu... Composition pieces het-gese ete gear) Prin Rerstistss: hc) MBI EUS Rpts) MOL EEL ANGLO-BENGALI FOR HIGH SCHOOLS Based on Nesfield, Mern & Martin eel Compiled by fi. C. BASthorities consulted Spme of the au! ies—J.C. Nestield. English Grammar Seri f ; ar z Sone English Grammar & Comp.—Wren & Marin. Hi 3, Hints on the Study of English—Rowe & Webb. . t/—C.H. Vallins English—How to write i ‘ A iaoe English Grammar—AJ. Thomson & A. V. Martinet 6. Modern English Usage (MEU)—Fowler. 7. The King's English—Fowler. i 8 Current English Usage—F.T. Wood. in 9. English Colloquial Idioms—F.T. Wood & R.J. Hill. iw 10. COD—Coneise Oxford Dictionary. 4 11. Twentieth Century Dictionary—Chambers. i 12, The Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English—S.S ai Homby, EV. Gatenby & H. Wakefield, ail 13. Mc. Mondie—English Idioms and How to use them—Revised by - R.C. Goffin x 14. Collins Cobuild English Grammar—The University of . Birmingham. ai 15. Collins Cobuild Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs. slit 16. English Conversation Practice—Grant Jaylor. a 17. English Conversation Practice—D.H. Spencer wi 18. Oxford Dictionary of New Words [First published in 1991 ] - 19. Oxford Guide to English Grammar—ohn East Wood xvii (First published in 1994) Sill 20. English Pronouncing Dictionary—Daniel Jones. And many other. sei xx xxi xxii xxiii xxiv xxv “Thave milked three i xvi but the butter 1 hibaed ie — ies bucket xxvii ie esterton XXxViii xxix XXX XXxi XXXi nnn Chapter Sentences é& Functions of Sentences Parts of Speech Kinds of Nouns Countable and Uncountable Nouns The Nou! The Noun : Gender The Noun : Case More About Pronouns More about Adjectives More about Verbs & Modals Subject-Verb Agreement/Syntax Conjugation of Verbs Time and Tense Verbal Noun, Gerund and Participle More about Adverbs and Adverbials More about Prepositions Number Appropriate Prepositions More about Conjunctions Articles and Determiners Modifiers Structural & Non-structural Words Narration / Reporting Voice change / Describing a Process / Narrating events Sentence and its Clauses /Joining/Splitting Transformation of Sentences Formation of Words / Antonyms. Words from one Part of Speech to Others Same Word used as Different Parts of Speech Group Verbs/Phrasal Verbs Idioms. Nominal Compounds PunctuationCOMPOSITION ‘Chapter I Letter writing 1, Narrating Events Paragraphs 7 Freaols Problems and Suggesting Solutions Vv. _ Retelling Stories Vi Reporting Dialogue ina Summary Form Describing a Process PART- DI | Eaairaeleriae READING COMPREHENTION ——“ PART- IV USE OF MOTHER TONGUE Chapter L Sentence Pattern I. Introductory—There’ I. Introductory ‘It’ IV. Articles Vv. Tenses VL Gerund Vil. Infinitives VII. Participles IX. Complex Sentences [with Sequence of Tenses } X Compound Sentences Idiomatic uses of. some Verbs Xi. Bengali Particles Idiomatic compari Drover es XV. Passages for Tra nslation APPENDIX Structural Patterns ~ 515 » 524 Pages) + 368] - 402 413 + 437, 458 ~ 465 Pages 507 512 514 517 525 526 CHAPTER-1 SENTENCES Kes a complete sense is called a A combination of words that mal —J.C. Nesfield. sentence. Weds A group of words which makes a complete genee is ca a ‘sentence. fartin. ofigd ad seri oe oor “ty Tee Sentence WWI TA ra Sentence -F SRF FET FST (Fs wl CAT AF s (i) ores 39] Sea a SAAT aD 214 ATRIA A AR SS eral SAA (CTIA- Yes. No. Come. Go. Halt. 2enfa), #441 group of words 7 *FPTe Waals FC AAA SR eer TH | GCI TAA CATAL aT eorcy AH word firHe af Sentence 7 aera eras Sftere! AM group of words a *T4 7A fre Sentence 4 ay Bt ef Situation 4 Context as) cas! UF | Mr. Sen: Is it your pen? —[ Multi-worded sentence ] Mr. Roy: Yes. [ Single-worded sentence ] CE group of words faa Gar «ate aay ecaTe, Cou aeiF word fre aie AT AAR | TR GAG Sentence-aa wry +441 A group of words-“a ACSA QW Al | (i) SIR TR FI wAeH— ‘The man is walking slowly in the morning.'—ow wi @S ‘The man is walking’. “4 a TA, UAH CT Complete sense @ 1) fey cid fF ae aay va frou w aslo ae = Sentence—*a4 48berws «ett clear meaning ¥arg | STR Sentence-4a ACA complete-<4 *fate clear taf arena oTs oR SS ICS aT | year orufierra safes x GIT Sentence a ACT Ae WIA RearPMORIEA eter FATS Nf | TA AIR HE: A word or a group of words having a clear meaning in a given context is called a sentence. —P. C. Das. COAT STARE CH HG SOIR RTE wd STEP BT, BIC Sentence =I are I | 4 Note : | In written form of English we usually have a group of words Tbs. But in spoken English we often use single word or verbless group of words as sentences; rather such sentences are preferred in many cases. Hence single-worded sentences or verbless sentences are also spoken of in Modern English Grammar. , | Gra Recafere means Verb-3% Group of words fica aay teh Ae By ee STS TR eT word fies I Verb-3" Group of words fiat ste ; WI OY OR aT, aR eR C84 Verb-ge aah +5 Free Fe aT TOR PI Say tone . Style Far ace At CENA s Geaa fA “Fs “Please show me your et" AT ey By W—"Ticket, Please.” ](TION ist GRAMMAR & COMPOSITE APPLIED ENGL! Spoken form A. What's your name (or) Name, please. B, Jack. (single worg A. What's the time? B. Just 9. (verbless) Written form What is your name? My name fs Jack. ae What is the time by your wal atch. . rina Itis Oa ie, please’ =A ‘what is Your name Spoken English~ is |. BR Good sg; ‘ y watch’ ¥ @ Pokey ji ‘it is just 9 by me mat is your name >. a, fee just 914 ‘afro mreraora Wha! =a blbelaebial " at fire Saat oem What's your name?” © = ae ‘fers Spoken form res | confi AT ATR ATH “My Tame is’ eng “Name, Please’ =% F817" mal Spoken English- 30 RET Facatos ! rar Py sentence-F UTO TH 3 apr at ea AR Brother my is Subhas. ‘A student good he is? Goes he to school. Love J much him very He me too loves. . ne wren soso 4H aI group of words Wwe TI WR AI | FI THe eagyy safe 3 TATA By (in proper order AI PACA Gy) CA free 4 (Clear meaning 371 | feq aoftree a Sear ACT FA A, WS IHD afray ag som aH TA a HOE ae GAH sentence TAF Cofs FAS AC | FS ROM HeracET mie fea Fe HoT OF ATE D>p > (Sentence @ 3133 7) Subhas is my brother. (AER oA SR i) He is a good student. (omen Lal ) He goes to school. (ARN ae! Hove him very much. (ae ore a SATA 1) He loves me tov. (SIS STAT |) OFA CR, eotca ROM Fowerea ArT ao ETA Be SH ATA OY CSTR 4 afb Sentence J 3} AHR FEI ees Sentence-aa YS taf i®1—* proper order (aeifee = 24) a clear meaning. A sentence must have a proper order of words and a clear meaning.—P.C.Das " a ena ail ‘ SENTENCES Sentences ret | Single-worded (Yes. No. Come. Go. Stop. Halt. Thanks etc.) Without verbs With verbs 2 Mr. Roy. whee Sie aie Say te bpcalnee Five minutes past ten. Hee aul 5 Not at all. 3? Have you taken any sweets? Nott tl Will you take any? bless sentences: All right. (+ aire 1) Some other vi Seem So what? (31s fer) i of However, in written form of English often. 9p ful forms tences. Such sentences have some structures terns. Sen axe Pike Becaface ata ee aiceTs aa BATS SA | aan acer fog Structure 7 954 rafS aIrg | SUBJECT AND PREDICATE (1) The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about! is called the subject of the sentence. A t is called the (2) The part which tells something about the subject 3 redicate of the sentence. —Wren & Martin. Gta Bt sentence U anal 2% a HR, oa A Ger Ms 1 (1) Subject (2) Predicate. TS TAY AT eae acs GTA Sey Te wT AAU A Subject “Rx Subject- OCH IMA TAA aI fala Os Wi Predicate. WaT WATTS 8 Subject scyT 47 SIF tA Predicate WI! QAA- ‘Subject Predicate A boy lived in a village. His parents sent him to school. He liked his lessons. He never stood second in the class. *Note : FS WRI Sentence T AE AS] rem ware goers 1 ORI aera feat? era Sat FT AA —OTAIS, CUTS @ STARE a ACE Se | Sires orem Te_afi How many sisters have you ? Of ety WY BNe?-How > Re much milk do you want > oS "Note : | Who fs Subject x ‘do! au bdliary verb -<% ecarem =a at ted you? wey Negativ “Who does not Know it? : “= 4. Baa end crate: Optative [May] + [Assertive] OPT APNG ae, SRT FC] FACH M SI ANSE BBi-Loy Sentence wi | @ aray tq wera fay ¢ = optative ‘May you live long. ‘FPI- May God bless you. lay’ verb-f6 By ance, ng live the king. (=May the king live long.)& COMPOSITION RAMMAR D ENGLISH G Ae xy sentence Patter | [zolamat 5, ae, 074, fre ge 1 er, FTTHCE 7 APT Lali ‘turret An! eee SF = Exclamatory. oe aiarran eof] + [assertive] caveat ate FCAT man is dead. fe ee rs sn We have won the match, x ‘ome ‘fice cttm-Hush | The man 1s asleep. fe 1g frar-Fle 1You are a liar. , ‘are, S37 Gt-Hallo! You are Amal. | see (i) What, How Son at an@!-What a nice bir ! ie o'-What a wonderful land it is ! five ga-How happy you are! Note: | Interrogative sentence-4 What, How 7" Verb-® Subjec,. a ames eara rg Exclamatory Sentence-4 44% CM Verb- Subject fm eRe Sentence- CACY TT | NEGATIVE FORMS Sentence € 1 aq qrancs Exclamatory T, rt SENTENCES Dipak does not play football. -*Does not Dipak play football ? He does not play football.» Does he not play football ? fq Do a7 not-07 7s #4 Don't W Doesn't W 1 Noun «7% Pronoun Gerwa® ycF 77! . _ You do not play football. ~$ Der syeupley football ?[Donet Dent H ks. Doesn't Reba li Reba does not like story books. a lice story books? (iii) Noun-o7 94 No a7 Adjective-47 Yt Not Wr Negative Sentence ¥7 27 / [Noun = amine 4 | Adjective = CH-84-TQSTHF 17 | eS! oc @ Frac ‘Shea fewer ETA | | No man can do this work. He has no enemy. He is not faithful The girl is not beautiful. No’ before the noun ‘man’ ”" noun ‘enemy’. ‘Not’ before the adjective ‘faithful’ — adjective “beautiful'. “sare aT ote never uae ‘fog al wd nothing wee Bas Negative sentence 21 31 | @ sata Rena UA FI—He never goes to school. ‘rat Waa WL HER CATS CI =I—They saw nothing in the room. * waved, for awa fmf epi Interrogative sentence «as Negative Sentence- © they aren't Has the ant. csltegy 9 3 S. Mention the kinds of sentences in the following table. One has eo You have breakinsts Yes, the ant... been done for you. (Ft64 Table. ATA SERCO Bea Fa eS CONTRA way 9208 like your English Yes, Ido/No, 1 don FA Chem ATR |) ont you Ij . os slat = aa E a ‘ eenences Kinds of Sentences n't Pine ? * “cople are smoking more now a days. Assertive Hts aren't, dont do? Feeularly 9 2 When will you come ? Go there and Wait for a while, May God bless you. Alas! The man is no more. is etc, 10 is your English teacher 95° IN spoken English. ]—————_ MAR & COMPOSITION - ‘APPLIED geNncLISH @ tn the following table. oy, SENTENCES - ot wr 1 ett in the table below. ate ene functions & 5 Tepe Puiction eet oma 6. Write sentences against the functions in —— pet done for you 8 Table” a Functions mee oval (HOM AAT |) (1) Expressing app’ = fences our notebook. | Statement. (ii) Asking information/Enquiring ren tac. (tii) Mustrating Tenjoyed your Don't spit Reve nag then? 2 (iv) Confirming doubts 3. Why are you weepin 4 (v) Expressing dislike May you Be BAPPE er iti! 2 (vi) Giving information ful Rowe” specific functions of the fon, (vit) Giving opinion = SI 5, Write down the nae oa AT |) “Mh Gwis) Giving opinion not confidently setences. (ROA THO Functlong (ix) Assuring immediate action ‘Sentences (x) Asking for confirmation . Narrating ) Tm all right” (xi) “a “No, I'm all right. (xii) Persuading (tii) What is 1? (xxii) Expressing determination (xiv) Asserting (xv) Requesting (xvi) Expressing disbelief/doubt (xvii) Narrating an event (iv) Her little head is bare. (v) Her father will beat nt beat her, (vi) Her father will not (vis) She has Jet her matches fall in the str (vii) "Pluck out my other eye and give it Lo her. (xviii) Expressing surprise (ix) I don't know what exactly he or she 1s. ii Coehmaniaing (x) Sir Humphry Davy was taken aback by the (xx) Appreciating unexpected outburst. (xxi) Describing (xi) A few years in the field will cause you lo (xxii) Slating a fact (xxiii) Expressing disagreement change your opinion (xii) “A very good way to learn 7” (xiii) Davy nodded approvingly. (xxiv) Suggesting (xxv) Expressing satisfaction (xiv) “About how long will it be before I die ?" (xvi) Asking for opinion (xv) “Or, yes, Lam. I heard him say a hundred (xxvii) Advising and two.” (xxviii) Warning Gcxix) Prohibiting box) Expressing disgust (ood) Expressing pity (vi) “People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk. (xvii) 1 still prefer scientitic work. (xviii) Please tell me about them. booxi) Encouraging (xix) “You have a trade at present, Mr. Faraday 2 boaiii) Expressing a condition (x) “What's the matter. Schatz 2° (xxiv) Appealing box) “I've got a headache.’ bedi) "You better go back to bed.” Gouii) “What made him wait for it ? badv) Give yourself a quarter of an hour and walk fl easerlive Sentences : (Give the following statements) Weare Subject first and then the predicate. See rules—S—V_o | 7. Apply the Subject-Predicate rules and write in your own English : gengtly, WHS i x bor) How cool | feel | : Ranta a Gh ey er = = he beevi) But | feet quite warm now, al 1a rs orga os ae : 80 cold, ; although it is 18HE 1 rar cay ca Ra oe ae Pers) | Reon castes cra e oon I must be getting better. : __ , ~ howviti) We shan't (shall not) s him a heater ea We a a gan. Interrogative Sent (roxx) Could ea how I earn my bread | Main verb or a helping ‘verb is tac Abele ne Subjec box) May 1 cong ng YORE camera > Grane corre Fr fh a rc fe e in, Sir 2 Ran er 3 SR? OR ce arc ‘Hun Re gee me - rr SE AN? C art boa) You mustn't idl le away your tim eax) I can walk five mile; - 7 ca SS al a stretch, i co “ “= 8% (learn by heart) Fas ms Ma?