Systematic Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Salts Preliminary Tests: 1. Nature of the salt: 2. Colour of the salt: 3. Solubility Water dil. HCI dil. HNO, Cold] Hot | Cold | Hot | Cold] Hot Identification of acid radical (anion): Group | acid radical: Experiment Observation Inference No gas evolved | group acid 25mg salt + radical absent 5 drops dil. H,SO, Colourless, odourless gas evolved with effervescence, ' group acid radical which tums lime water milky CO," present Confirmatory test for CO,”— Experiment Observation Inference Salt + water, boil. The gas evolved is passed | Lime water remains clear CO,’ confirmed into lime water Group Ilacid radical: Experiment Observation Inference 25mg salt +3drops | No gas evolved Halides absent. cone. H,SO, Test for nitrate Colourless, pungent gas evolved with effervescence} and gives dense white W group acid radial fumes with a glass rod present dipped in NH,OHsolution Cl is present when kept near the mouth ofthe test tube. Areddish brown fuming | group acid radial gaswith a pungent odouris| present evolved. Br is presentTest for nitrate radical (NO,~) Experiment Observation Inference IThe above reaction mixture | No reddish brown gas is |~ Il group acid radicals is heated with copper evolved. The solution absent i.e., NO, absent. turnings doesn't turns green/blue| ||| group acid radicals are present Reddish brown gas is evolved. The solution turns green/blue II group acid radical present, NO, is present Confirmatory test for Il group anions: C.T for Chloride (CI~) and bromide (Br-) radical: (Silver nitrate test): Experiment Observation Inference 2mL aqueous salt White precipitate is solution + 2 drops of formed which is soluble CI- is confirmed AgNO, solution in excess of NH,OH solution, Pale yellow precipitate Br~ is confirmed is formed which is partially lsoluble in excess of NH,OH lsolution, C.T for Nitrate (NO,~) radical: (Brown Ring Test): Experiment Observation Inference To 2mL aqueous salt solution, add equal volume| of freshly prepared Brown ring is formed saturated solution at the junction NO,~ is confirmed of FeSO, Add few drops of the two layers. of conc. H,SO, carefully along the sides of the test tubeGROUP III ACID RADICAL ANALYSIS: Experiment Observation Inference To 2mL of salt solution add 5 drops of conc. HNO, boil the solution and add 5 drops of ammonium molybdate solution, No canary yellow precipitatd is obtained PO,’ is absent Canary yellow precipitate is obtained Ill group acid radical present. PO,’~ present and confirmed To one mL of salt solution add 3 drops of BaCl, solutior To the white precipitate add excess of dil. HCI. White precipitate is formed which is insoluble in excess of dil. HCI Ill group acid radical present. SO,’ is present and confirmed Preparation of original solution (0.8): The original solution is prepared by dissolving 100 mg of the given salt in 2— 3 mL of IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICAL Experiment Observation Inference 25mg of salt + NaOH solution and boil No ammonia smelling gas is evolved Zero group basic radical absent Pungent ammonia smelling gas is evolved which gives dense white fumes with a glass rod dipped in conc. HCI solution when kept near the mouth of the test tube. Zero group basicradical present. May be NH,” O.S + few drops of dil. HC! No precipitate | group basic radica | absent O.S + few drops of dil. HCI+ H,S gas No precipitate Il group basic radical absent O.S + 50mg of solid NH,CI + excess of NH,OH solution No precipitate Ill group basic radical absent White gelatinous precipitate Ill group basic radical obtained (1) White/Grey precipitate (2) Buf precipitate is obtained present (OS + 50mg of solid NH,CI+ IV group basic radical ‘excess of NH,OH solution+ No precipitate ‘absent H,Sgas A precipitate with a IV group basic radical characteristic colour is present Zn may be present Mn* may be present (0. + 50mg of solid NH,CI + excess ofNH,OH solution + No precipitate V group basic radical absent VI basic radical present (NH,),CO, solution ‘Awhite precipitateis obtained V group basic radical present 1CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS GROUP ZERO BASIC RADICAL (NH,’) Experiment Observation Inference ©. S + NaOH solution (slight excess) heat + A reddish brown precipitate NH,’ is confirmed is obtained Nessler's reagent GROUP III BASIC RADICAL (AI™) Experiment Observation Inference 0. S + NaOH soluttion in drops White gelatinous precipitate is obtained which is soluble in excess of NaOH solution to give a clear solution Al" is present Confirmatory Test: ]O.S + few drops of blue litmus solution + NH,OH solution Ablue floating precipitate is obtained At" is confirmed GROUP IV BASIC RADICALS (Zn™, Mn™) Experiment Observation Inference O. S + NaOH solution in drops White precipitate is obtained which is soluble in excess of NaOH solution to give a clear solution Zn” is present White precipitate is obtained Which is insoluble in excess Jof NaOH solution and tums brown on keeping Mn** is present |Confirmatory Test for Zn™: O.S + K,[Fe(CN),] solution White precipitate is obtained Zn* is confirmed \Confirmatory Test for Mn*: |O.S + 2 drops of conc. HNO, |+ a smallamountof PbO, (lead dioxide) boil, cool Pink supernatant solution is obtained Mn” is confirmedGROUP V BASIC RADICAL (Ba”, Sr”,Ca”): Experiment Observation Inference [Test for Ba” No yellow precipitate Ba” is absent [0. S + few drops of dil. acetic] is obtained hacid + few drops of K,CrO, olution Yeliow preciprate Ba” is present best for Sr No white precipitate > . § + few drops of dil. acetic is obtained Sr’ fs absent lacid + fewdrops of White precipitate . ammonium sulphate. is obtained Sr is present [Test for Ca” |O. S + excess of NH,OH till falkaline + 3 drops of lammonium oxalate solution White precipitate is obtained Ca’ is present CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR Ba”, Sr ,Ca™ (FLAME TEST) Experiment Observation Inference Apinch of salt is made a Apple green flame Ba” is confirmed paste with conc. HCI. The is observed paste is introduced into the Crimson red flame Sr” is confirmed non - luminous flame using is observed a platinum wire/glass rod Brick red flame Ca® is confirmed is observed GROUP VI BASIC RADICAL:(Mg”) Experiment Observation Inference .S + 50 mg of solid NH,Cl 4 NH,OH excess + 3 drops of diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution taken in a testtube andheated. Theinner walls of the test tube is scratched usinga glass rod. Crystalline white precipitate is obtained Group VI radical Mg”is present and confirmed Result: The given salt contains (1)Acid radical (2) Basic radical (3) Name of the saltis 13