ace ~KNE Clp.s Kling, BB, ae SEE eae ee WHATS WRONG WITH STATISTICAL TESTS— AND WHERE WE GO FROM HERE etme ign and Ri (93,8) Sen (oe ara (97e an Mn a se Hasan, con, :[NHST CUTOOMES ARE INTERPRETED "AS SOMETHING THEY ARE NOT epee by nae god a sem mcpin, We Gd eee fees eyey pet of san ie wth ere ‘Sea recs of via stl role ban fot (ibe on agua by aS cars sal ey Tae Fup eyo fd range wold een ari tle he oe of me pay tn Fok tne eal hoy 13) eee Conn eda nom onc ee ‘Sota Ding wt aw rd ey Tyo BEE Se so re ean tl (pene mention ay 0 wll at nts vp mc ag ans a Sages 980) ee mise ‘ee led wl te flow ofl oa ace cal Cyclones tracer aren fet Sn ple tn hi Gren mesic rere! es. Le tetoget ce meflehoed reay dy hat ‘cae yma rn ee ba een inept fp Yale Now. iis oi indy sow ple sense ye tap es Lt re evi he ot te fence Foal a see ta ene th dicen been ‘Sle tte edhe a of pop es pce nthe ‘Si tygths, Hy ny scan of anling soe The ena ae ‘le oot! to a peli in ie pete el at ‘Sethe Tha ptt eh tion pce fhe ate ‘Sting ie ouc Gea. 2, even) Oem! apne ‘rate ent ce) <0 ne elon 1. These hn eo 1 feign fom redo ‘aol es more cue ta Se aed Soe hen 21. hn Si of ini cr aay om te eas ‘te smplig Son ws Hy ha he cow fre ceva 2: Rae Hb ad dy ped my es sek Ha he teed “Tha ou Oper at ios ay Be ut dp lite The geste iepeatr o vabe arly (Sit ow: Lee leer nye denon op], ach ‘Sikes sai tc wooo peas Reda ge he al ‘reer nt re common apres for he ce p< 5. Senco ho neon tng aps cena pois te mng nome pec iy bce Dd ip Rent ‘hocks ncaa eo Ben be Say Hank ‘Ap ied iy ha eel of empig ee ‘hay p eS yeh le nn 9 bad he “Seer by chance. Thr et te otapan cna oy Cig monghanae aboarengainge “Slipgatee ir Hse’ ef ein ee hen She ie i rend dal 2 esa mine cay of mpg cr Tl ety ase ‘ikhe ied er enh the ee Sly bre eeor ei a to ae he afc Hcl) ‘Sdchera nde al fees yee). Unortialy saital ‘Se one ena made cnn make dps. Thi ‘Suny inoue oo HET owes may be wong Type er Tpe loon, Fly Nake 2 "Avan ibe si ch el pot een ae asa) © 8 i ED) 08. Ta he rs oly ‘er. Cin, 1998 ere Dean sw rig re (Gps ‘Bosh and Go peg ep vale ee croton pais kth ie 1D), nor ote al hypoiensy pD). Te Sate paar probably al ype pe the elegy wit eect wuld aly ee Law. A sii ‘Bonet Kas bcm tows the p(D[P) om to te {Sept ptal of te oul pts tnt a eee are eee hepeig agente teeta pee deeb ony peiers meng Sect gate aera SEs arenes SRE IEE eid Sree ieee ae gene Seremaeg ater Eee eos ieee eke te ges ee at dansaane ee Fg Nab 3 {bea ese seep th pay har con ewan: p05 dice ea 235 chance he he don {erat the al oer Toe Ler This aie ane Hid {Elman pati ener hr Pole (199) dct sone he ‘odd pe pedal of Tpe la ot cee pee Ha) 4 cranes rests si he odie gota pay of Type Tone sven th ‘ul bain ar eo oc HO Polar es Bye hore stow oc ec ose mat illest 1) fotos Oa noise ero oct ‘heel pesss oan nds a ear conc oe robaliy smc wih Onl wi safcet plone (Eitan wheter ee dc reer Hy wa coe aay Naber 4 “Th comple oP 1 he pcb that he leave apo nt gem te dt (yD) Ths p <0 a che Tibco’ tur ice meer an 95%, Ta eqnen ea he {sly olay (Maca 197) o sali sch pt fot (eames 197) The eamplanent cpa prob, br bf he {iSihood going «nen er exe wer Ha tha thane ‘rely oul Accugy compen ep tae sang dc oS Skil penese nay of ily Nader 5 “The comple c he poi ta a el wil eee ees conden j DF aye atte ance frp (Srna 58 Thr dhe npn oc wet fay (Cae, 197) “ester verte ep 05 tha eet as 95% potablny ‘Fn ae gic ea prema inte eso ‘SENIDGRaladyy mt em, owing te cy ‘Pde een fe eine ol every fe As, “Spvahels jhe potty prer ese rdera ecco. SER tad by Caer eplseon amc f eptinetl an md ‘Sethe an arse the pl eis hrm pia ‘Sten for le he sndon ely eeeedyotiid e, Singer Rese sa oy, howe are a vein hh vas cc elton Grell Sots Hare alu (198) ae ‘Sr pu hepvle san tg wy re mons weed wo the ‘etc poet of pletion A monsters toto ple tna ‘Een a Senet nom eeponsnce een aes Sr he eatin fal hsbc resins rls Spe ‘Sy wither eres feted by Creal eas oe ‘Sor deciy cones 9 sabe w she Uklhocd of een 2 ell rroucromeconcerrs 68Iypoieaton Tha be one ictal bathed "Bnep rats ve le odo wah elation nthe sce ae Mun Cociions After Mang » Deco Aout the Ball Hypotns “Tsao may ale coche ha ye ele dct tng eto a est Hy bse on Pls. Mo ese le ‘Golnaron sou hy they re mo Fly Nebo ‘Ape nese ide fhe ei of mi am low pause ge fact Th isco le alee ‘pind aly. Sealer p mabe nee we oan pals {dan phen he ote asomption tha te al pee ey ‘lec he ppt Can OS) be ar aa al ot ‘lwo oher Ete of rls ch fects wasn TR ‘eno wal tts and de vas mesg se an elt ‘i egy Tale 22) 0am eo of val spe ced cy = Hee ‘ough nile be sats see the ame se cel ite, ow p vale uct 8 Ine sale whch teey (Bi Thon, 1952) Now, enn ne my oye ge ‘he ow los jt hr ee canoe el ch hinge Dai sone Flay Nonbr 2 [Rejesn of he al uh coms he strate bce ag dh tout hypo ind Ts magn fly ‘esto oneal eet Fe the decent et sn dy doe na ny tue Hy pve” Seon ev te med [pes Hy coet doe nr an tat he ane co inte cnet For eempl Ano: (10) aed he Bek ‘et fr Lan fo 6 ont yu (1291110), Mae ay an {wer bom ery sg peur ds th tin. Fox oa 109 ‘Bee wae 5218 veut fb omg wih 483 ta of (Ba on ll hed Aste ju tha a Peprsns f nee bop vr pas nr ce lected Ena poters Hy 2” 50 whee & ae peacenpoprio oF Senin ior efike dnc sumac pace 5 Howey ‘Authors nse bps ar at eae of Sie pee ‘re Spa on compensate hight monk of eae dete 66 sransmcatess ser ace, sd he i oth he nd nny Mal may hav ‘Rl of tesa Couey a sine Age 710.188). westerly reba hype Shes ect dw noe comepend to the wounding cue of “hal en of ub oe ver poe Spe hehe ‘tan ew cucoasomes wd ee pent Cte de “The denon bewen stitial a tne pt cv ‘a They ifr not cay neal of tecto ia owe, ‘Sen ge) hr do ae ree picts lowing rpc ‘Sits ond nce nisl pois, Ue be todo ‘Betjrn He ney epoton Hovevty sd fr a wera ‘joe ewan obit Pant ews hice te noch hygeine gut od ane beso es ‘rosie wh he satel hypothe yf we eer Spots ‘Sime be rd ea dence eran In the gh ys ‘tote cone ety do fe rccaney to onc tel see ot osc wo ly cuales: mode Tie he sg 0g Ios P1968 ‘ly Nae 3 Fle one il ys ean hppa fie tes, The ald ence fra few ream One te be Teer lence at nee fees ae erento anc: Ao, edanien flo jects al hypo may So Toe ome Pot ‘Sapletnce my bea oes bat he uy lke in ove fe dae Glen ely iw oe per fehl ech then pobay wn ng ror Peron gn see aE Awd eas a So endo Type hea Flay Nabe 4 Fare et he il pes y= pears ha the two plone we sgelee Sues aan sled weet Er ‘Cheetevewconpare wah srw eesnun atest saree {cnc ht het tune eee he i pth Fie =i emoe jez The infer a equal woul ‘scm th empl cocersed ably coven or opts (tite, ote Baaie Naber 5 ejay il ppd cof the guy of he exerienal lion Poy dg cn cows sal eee tad inset ‘ston of Hy Alaa sil mpg er cn elt Type Lo (Seo inetlrnaed mai: Flay Nonbe § he ell pth ot mle che cy 2 ke Th ccceton nr inagel te eel oe Alege ‘ih ou pus cm ema yell rare ore ca se the potion cence, For imple ome css fede sith ‘lisence uch eas at eplenton wl ot t npae outs Renny oll a saouteemc fw orp by eae ‘Shociol have posed cl aren (ow nary mr eas) ‘ts ely ape bora appre: Ot sat er ‘Eragon te anaes, an th eel conclaon We tha the ‘ee pomene Take, 199) aly Neer 7 Rein of Hy meas tht the adage chi ena Te msegeton i ested the ones Fron shou te vn tural jason eee ome cual fet epaccd by etal psn at Naber 8 ‘Theft ecu he fie ome tee in hos Hy woes PDs tnd Oat (990) ero tt ‘ef flay, Under roan ot cna ot ested Weg reali he ie sy bt noe th ad sy, Howeve, {hs oer tps mpl yee al the dito of he ‘So the ose, Spe 9 ou sets iene eu {Seal may ond altos mete The enc ne Pou ean {ieee dina pti ay but Ho nec bce oF ‘Senor cape se scaly hare posse eves lon ‘rethought deine abet Hye mde Sera oo sa Wierd Nate of Me reaons “Thaw ec har my of the le bl tel seaman eve snarg pensar rane and cats Fran, (Coes (986) ed 1 nem ports ovate te way od 8 sramsmoa tess — eee eon en a ST ire fewest Sopa rine laa ees ht hte ‘neat eee tere va 2 Fe sina the ton of aon (een fie to an unnepresensative Sos mney ero ini tee hae Seinen cyte te et es reer sien eg eg ate ight acet ekg one SR SESS hw hack oe ne er Shei eae ensure mi SSeeet eta tictelaee Toniine decease mor = mooverom concertsrte, Why eh tr lg erent of eho ooures spf nt have ee par ce “Towa coment Te foe esha NHST knot he et rapt feces Pla an ce te ae de ‘Gram the lp of NAST and del oom soe Soe fe Ieguceo NHST very pte nd nana Fer cal he word sips pls ancl eget retin pr ee ‘Byrormeamgl tenor NST, Thema ao eet o> ‘ie ie bef te Fu abd Nope Peon mse cn ch Setengonry NEST us tnd {PD & Oa 199; Gipsy, 1985) Acar potlem » a real hom einen feonig ands poi, eer ote st Ved fam 2 ate ‘tency pete (eg) Andee, 198). [NST DOES NOT TELL US WHAT "WE REALLY WANT TO KNOW any fe lie abot NEST ozone ved once his thn sachs aly want te, lange poy Hse hse lod of lana, sd he chance hat he etn ‘akon eat He wang lpn te Ung oe re ‘Sth wab even Be ard gD), Dp CRD), ap Rc HD) Ulett set ol9 (DAs by). Caen (isn, were, tne brow sata colger ped da ‘i a ant eh (a Spe soc pce feng es xen ce cap. i rhe) Howe ae 8 ‘erhalten ch eel ot obo eth eal ‘chair te sein it nt ol the a a dal ‘ech mpg eo Ere so stdin ‘Gop ar um). Thar claoone ne td apm caper NIL HYPOTHESES ARE USUALLY FALSE Nalypthss tte mst common peed he cl cence. one ey say hat he ai fn elon rt ‘candy sos canal io lia he comple soe fa ‘Stein flee (ee Ri, 1990. er etme te popeeson ‘Slaton ene ay to wae we wouenetoaame aly 70 srarstcas res cme mc io wane nner poplin oct ‘teen en chap cove). Mec (990) eens ‘eos ah ea eee bem, ome Jv even a ‘Senin ee Lye (198) rm ober eon ve tsa SSyubenme dng Aidough enc awe thc care unnown, ‘eves ry eat eves ft emo for rales seed th Same nemtte neted Conair cr heamnee nebo ‘scan may em ghar 20 3 inate elo Faas rly tan etig he eis ceey ge anoles Acorn) cece aw af Type eee man ‘say tesotsy Sms) ce obo deen ‘ppl. ire har roner tel stow Son averaps hte pal TE Type Menor ay shot 30. F. Sct (99,1990) mae te ‘ted pie eds oc xpernetvie Type eet ah 2 ‘enemas cecon my sls poet to ve hn ue than 9. Troll ena hy spotters rl hye emo are ley te a yates Super hav nal poh [Rep 30. The eu tlo he poplin cnrelton may be at = ‘lye exci 30a. weer ype ermo Snlicecrcrd gether plea nip cual est bem ‘Pesan po in th nach ene ae scied wh ml pds hata ox paul er example D,Andenon et (00 ewe he nl ype wed nee eles hispid fom 1978 wo 998m spon tonne ‘Ses borate Toy bund nny bogey inp all pete Sbeipecke ng ach meq vol peabtie joe sd ‘Scenes espe ode rh ted et dr eo pce, ‘Sve ober were Laon ee te at we soa Tom mt sin sre ef al pedis th sl ins, ‘ele wad be peg he eis woul peciliere [SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS OF TEST STATISTICS ASSUME RANDOM SAMPLING Lartor(201) dred hems at brwenseil ‘ese sa age The pris rsa inten ang ‘Geriudens dat asane enon. snpling fom iow epi, Te the ane dso nich sundae tana carbene tris sna Rando songting acc par ftp ‘ome mal, hich conn he xemal wale fale wot mont stop the scl enc ot sly std srmooucren concerts 71thee mapicfconeniene- Innere i ihe dei “an mle whc ave the tm ipa of aly vale cat to ire cory tne» meh mere como than he epaton, thsenor mech Rests and abso (199) peed dar lof ‘ind enarca am faldanded rcs ht eo cosa (0 {Ruben nniecied couse fomcomenence spi They Jct {ists ms me Laer (100 done th eof orig ‘Scott capital engine etn endomion este ‘convene rs deed ce 8. lan (1965 ar th glee cf NST wdc Ingo sal iene Emel ey manag ro ep BE andon cove Ith coor zero gt uch then DS {St deo gine the ine in co eis, oc fa Ih {ie Sn oe al ype ern oe pis tht esas ame tn si te ney ln ct {Sittin me ois fom the pescaon en beta Seay ce nice hiss pri rate ee (Foteie din er Allott codons el bg econ A he myng gee ene hei al oe ho [ene NHST yur the wrong elie acy bv as [STATISTICAL ASSUMPTIONS OF NEST METHODS ARE {FREQUENTLY VERIFIED Sei os ey me cin ero mts. Some sex ne cal ha onyssh e pbey que ee TEs elas ne ep as ‘me uty een at eon ny eres de a one (Sele eth “hmpdone ace EL etn (a (146) eee aoe sn 40) alps ner pba fm {foto oP sae ehuton ee al dey nd lve Feeeic te eed sunpon of scala. Mo ond Ong (Gop fads oles atl ee cos 116 ace ‘fey Lge nd rin sc oer The uve sl ‘Rene unt gu tween NEST cred ne ii ‘iS die pte Rend move unsae eie tte cr thee eye ate ew ttn pci ven wie CERES Sal te saad Fe ge ne ls eae of ‘elaine fwnmecns (eg Li) Kena, 6 H Kova, 1996) 7 stars Tests pa [NHS BIASES THE RESEARCH LITERATURE “Tha a ee hol tae ase etd pbs sale wnat grits Ts eepon poy (@) earens Up aloe tpl ural ering soc wh rect (Cohen, 192) me a tw haba eee ‘ent tobene rate wou Me teszoe fer pain (og Genel 913) sed (0) he ve cs craton ot te la ‘of uted vse Hy eens The apes in ‘Ser ncay ine espe be ie ena edad ne 1. Te sea of ape Terr pulley ech rn nal Sgn team ee ‘Hecire than col (en bess te) an CO ice nt ote went ch coca a = SB i 100 ee the come verse es ‘Ste Sd din ge el fo eee 2. Rect alot ph ads wh mss ici set orth ae tm pw nt 2 eee pele "Tm i oN hese (cer earned ‘Stato rpm nse um sacha (ete gh at en fl escent 20 Fiplsioon fancies setulae eh te eect ied ha bed es ec sil pps 3. Fahl ses osm ppl fi ss. Widow Spermple sly sal or met lc edie top secscaly sent rsecane flow owe, When Wrote tds fappen se, ‘ihe ah ced eft ae ge than the ogc {ens Waly oi th Hy eects pale, {femal of the pope ec soe wind bag ‘remit An esl sets his poe Tae 3 eanooucrone concurs 73as ee of ene byte tabs ‘thet ese conn cnr en the ae ‘comers Nowstrsenlac heinepesenr ames frees seins cfu al peti ee en (si teroer kena Mare feat han ube Eilon othe ecg lo oy we a ‘ees $38 Theo may bet beet ate fh ‘Eanabeenifeence any ino ey Now eet ‘tr sau fm he eres wih Hote he ‘al nee an) ae the ely oer hed. The fea of hy ete nese 22 wh "Speme thn the veagHedon all se [NHST MAKGS THE RESEARCH LITERATURE DIFRCULT "TO UNTERPRET hr a el ect at pme i ly 50, shat al he us vil how getie rat (Heo se the ret eget ie Tecsecl) amt al sors pte! thet fps gs sl wl rough op Form pepe would ‘aur tegretol) Bre wets gee sts 50 ne social ec, i ot gat ‘ly ature hema nse a ype rela, 1998). The epecaly oe inate toma whee ae tie aie cece pre dct at ye ‘Searches le art (ei 199). Pa of he lle come fot ‘Serpent eto eget hoes stglngs ona pep 74 soxremca. tests fects, Ssh meen may abo lado he dealing tt ‘ow tar police al Ene “Thea be oer agave congue of wing NHST cones tower ani by whee ie ae aia sean ae Ft any popcorn Recah never pens ahi” Tice ns sens Sve paige ae" Uwe met cone op cea intel cnc Ine oti pele Soya ang’ Aa ie mre een = ed "Ket, 20, fd Tew oot ony a fw lens bo oe apt of he vee o ‘ew lapel mesma veyed Bow Wilms, ‘Tani snd Ens) indeed ut lineal wc ae ee wot elect wo Sue cnr ata le ‘ee hae bcs epee nebo (Wl, 199), Ths unr (Ril veer cfs the wud thea atone poem fe. 2ST ISCOURAGES REPLICATION Aho Lam near da thc spre hire, sae wold macy sor ona de ot (Cone tlinguns woo soll enone replant ty. [Neerland bs sve dn plone sor: Sete CESTESCL Cred to te rama src Thee abo ese ‘Enter th comco Kec (998) wed an devon to ‘eres 1505s ch area f retail cece nd abet 0st neem. The ts f ne etic dacred ‘ett sgn Sc sd ple, rotons [eich Hy wat ected See & Han, 197) Thar NEST ‘So ree Ices: ek nsnclatve wn pe ow my 280 Vopr ine nat rar ops he repeat in he ail nce wold ely a cnc nner wee ep wae er Then ee of “ina ars wool able athe low econ wth ch an ‘lira induced Tarte wiki conidece cal aha ‘Safa fe qe] Cen (985 p00), earlylng" Raley we cones ina nda hah lynne iy te ns ha ccd wun nl ols of ‘Seba! so ae pred (Seek & Hamm 90) The ley (Pineal by te mec of memenali ikig tht dos nat ons fai a hal ne Bosal. ‘SHST OVERLY ALITOMATES THE REASONING PROCESS Sei sce roma sad ok le sem fo weal nde tngornes of re speci The teed NEST es many ofthe moe atresia hel of eee Sail scp ee eo ue f bypete ones ap. ve {Fle mee eran er sor de, incon al One of he ogee of MEST Wr ames och he decsow eng pote ho aes calre (ed tte vel leet appr cnet he ml ers vores testes at to eat fer dca ing ao ‘eins suas Sone of he pel com of ings 0c tang foc we veered nee 1. Un of NEST wasup dears Aig, Th nae ‘cone of «mca et debuoe Hy aer ‘etd rat ced Thi poe ma ncoug ehe- Grae Sinkigg no utd nowere i rte (ine eb vase a= Sr ite, se ‘Siewchen oso wee p = 08 wl, Aiea tin oe wire P= 4 Thaw oo to ed fo est Seasons cnt Hy iz Uefa dectbe ‘Sunway the ee Isod f the da (Rasiow & Fe Rent 150) Mow det eee of ddcmou: ‘Ring was ected by Nokon 056), aad out te tho Gndence eae» Btn ‘Lpredac ThoySun eiiy hrpden ed ‘Scadunce when ee men ft tor ad soar ‘eice whan p velo ft one 1. Tose chaps ‘Renee eet of ppt changin cosas Pius ‘Te RUST encunge dchotncw dking mop so cent the pci pte fo dee els he 76 seamen tests eee jae 1 jae the eel of 4 Suen gecaching Zyunee” Tae ge ao pal epee ng wi areal sean ones Home ol Pra jt wer hn sch p= OF mhene= ye "os nove Ge a eproching pagan” {bsp Scans The ea ltd nny to beets tore Ha poor permenant: than the ny of the sass pet beh Hi (Cube 1, 2 Lice dr ne aay fom a ond nas ‘prema pec, Wack bane esc with Feo hey ny vg of oh, ve nga ‘specie utah ares he ree pay ‘Mis and mano Thee ra ed mucoeepon hat ‘eal an ate of wath than of oe ae ‘pacar poplin femme (8 Thonn, 205) ‘Thtmscancquan cay docourge nace om pone {erlnton ofthet o dcs ettion of fec ‘ies ete sn seen of clay of he ‘ee (Wns th at Peon Sense irs. 9 4 The ge acme of te lr NHST ts gare head Thre a aged atte mod the Shp RIS dc i we re opens thes ernie gti cha Ta anee tae deee fal ieg in stata NEST evs in lames soutien, The oho one pein ‘ches mapa ew sat se the ee (ence web. 4 Themed of NS mafia bento pic hat her eet ne enfin, Mes (190) Sheratons an sl clgymamach eps wih de ‘Ral lye we aed ener The eto of [NAST benno! yee ators ong fetoe Wis vor lite thes a bend torte ‘ll one on let aor spl of over ‘tbh smut se Brn fhe rum aoe, ‘Se he mai epee ob otal pict ‘The shee tepennen td wacom aglon [NST nay endan i efcdbiy ose ith cherie ‘ea carpal odes ”[HST IS NOT AS OBJECTIVE AS [7 SEEMS “Te el ofc ad te fam of (ll en eal) a he kenatne gps (desea voor ronda boule sie the de cid Tl dae ot ley happen in pri. ‘Unser ies view tho pemoust to cheng, ren tr ‘Seti andre aly to cnge heer oer ume ‘Meth ye posse on we jose than sci. Sete porn ofa onty hone we wa ee pe 3 ‘oar ston. _ MANY SHST METHODS ARE MORE CONCERNED WITH GROUPS THAN INDIVIDUALS Soviet anne moans, ick a a Fe concen wih gu snes They prove ld noien ow viii duties pop ener oe thee tere of toh and F- Hovey the we ns won eb cel © ‘Sidhe nt fin cfc wn ps Foes, {fem agen Gn eg nen Ssence ately sige bat ‘hoe bea onlay sth to Bquncy dein Tis ao thor tke elon ssh pop lel do ntl downto he ce ieee ee etntn tinct ear at cu [NHST AND SCHOOLS OF PROBABLITY Ie dhe fl of tac, sic and plc of wens, shoe sve ieee acon ef Cth bout obi ig ‘Sia feu s abjeuianong erie Terese ao Sp ot \beganing Stns ber hse hole abst be ret meine ‘lable nd the popper, These dks a cole ‘bly mune and he bls eve teen wen co the m= its,oglen 151) for hee enor nse eterna (Saeco. owes, ee sl fn hae NEST W sored ih ely me of ae oc of oe abu ebb spel, (hoa ow peste wave anc of epee een ln te eapialy coe oe mprnied ih oe! pie ‘icc: The mete ef NST lo we Bee pes wi ‘Se ant et ge But ins we dos UST epee vend vow al peat eer ino oie teal 76 sranencaLrests tess (CONTINUED USE OF NHS ISA RESULT OF INERTIA Sevres ave decid continu eof MIST san ent, sual tin, ocala ty een. an et ‘Serce tes Sues nem sour strates my ene ee ‘let ra eter mayne pesbons(FSchnsk & Paer, 9), Toe Geb iufede. ew ab woth ong ht we of ‘el wn pl aang of Rae, rd ‘Site war conical waar cng sl ype (Okey, 195), The saa sence have ed tee os epee lacy He we oF Shen ete wa ey cng el mt a scence, A isl ened eds pation ed ling fasion er qu sony Kh, 09), Shang sete es {ES ping fer ide pre of sles ad er eplcemee vce sigo timmy Real en th mid or opotane nga pba ak sae yous Gee hap. ch wl 1 THERE ANYTHING RlOwET WETHL HST? _Dei cs IST nl eh ce: he gen ef hate tere hing ght hos NEST. Hower, NEST ‘Sewitcr Sota Sonepat es oF NHST we comer fd deed ee 1, NEST de ning, theses sein ee. Sling [SF ido af wie thy ae ae eed ing ‘Eis lsplg cone Acar nae tc ‘secure NHS arsing nit ed ond hs ‘hy ele pane flower tn han ape {asia Any pope seme NHS mast eal te Se pb oping ere beeen lve ‘Be med es ae: Cf NEST ra pole uh cniene ne comey mee nro wt ‘Siping enor ha tat woccy emp wea They afin of ie” whic np tat vr fh pice SENHST wil pets creping meses what [eral Hower jt ee cence neal ca ‘Seed sme wee otal et oe net nan erteaarbe “Confer smalls NST, ‘Howe ee eaten nid i mate ontop of mich researc ay (Sede scnlng enor tan Ge we of eat tee Teil es Core apn he nae Tale 3.2 for ‘irhyputeaeginion: AdSieseencetneval it the care! mean cots eee ech apleen Eh neal ties angling rbot el aba ‘Seamplng er Te are vey mong hes of ‘Eocenenlen 206 0565, Thomson eel ‘Eeploowing i ihypbeie waren Soca $F Ssh 0) nd ot ve sre dren cat {nial expan aug prom ey weg ‘elle cover ore ting he eed (ise ime ere. ‘tte of NEST i ef of he mab De [Relur te NST geri cong wierd frome They so note ach mando ‘Eeegonaby of are we ean 199), Coes [taper hay etl waa cushoppeesenta iced yo many imagen eigen ‘Ses imu shins sme se of Same, Mr gh of lnc orm mye antl a Rte of sgn re cancers an elope ma ofa (eg, D Reunon ‘Sera, BT, Fe xl ome Bs gated hat he ‘eres en und yt wad (Shy Schepens dana bere te Eagan snd cadre seneance (8 Toman, 1996) a comer oe habe eed ed of Just mthecey nea then peer un cho (20) = 240,906 em of 20) =240,9 25 “hela ncn hone posters towee The oubly dcp nas oc ecm ancy ober ‘Somme wien sere ae fal ocncy ayo valine age, Soe we on ty br, ck ONO, a epg {cRellpshbics yaa eerie tema de sid hr Be Lind of een ate eas ene many tins ovr hep $0 rea he fpyoeeipce Ce wld bei fe cenit Teetny ofthe modes us dactel weal nein the ian of NIST metic Sl ‘ens For than th floeng xen a Se tae Seren prs apy bc ht oso be ay ck Somers uot ge dona ue. The oa fone of NIST hte ecm fen ral eee eT ees wien the noe tne orate ‘Reach ab debonair nen Sold {ir tcrennce pounced ld ore ‘Hic Gan photo! The tol of NEST news ‘hates feo retin ardour stove esting Trott nt moe oninazing he ge of ie hi) Fe cinting re fier eect ers tt oth pic men See meni std oe shcivedhm rahrty one ere ‘icnclngel en ar pede dco eet tbs payor the vc scent feral ems Howat aby et eae {Engen een we came hk bear ‘owt tee we oy neve gto ei ar eee ‘pred iatnd cor reco Eg he eg Sale an ele with mecca ed of omc he beef ip lca» ter say wo ine atest (cap 8 ino) [Niles meiner poe The ct ht potions pil ae wa arsed er Asad ‘Fa (1985), Bblpon nd Wine (2000) and ter, Lrearccana then tampon case te had ercrele how make no eu tangles Feeder an cst whan jt cw dependent ale abated6 Temata NST py maa dee thoy in te appl aoe Selle nh (tiiining snd orem! sont of Spee Lond Tipe I rear ne weedy etd oes Pach dof mae, The nt evar! ga and {ea thn evel w mabe ronal decane st ‘itpate ston ithe ee of ence. conta {DMIST ie aby ea Tye fore ee azar (tric ier Gh Ol a wotteal eee tory THe Spans cbcive ati Thi toe Say pone eh eo VARIATIONS ON NEST “Ths scon eters ined eh hat ae oie sda bate MSY mot Thue Sade ny avd me hn eben (Fondo ea ua eon be vey nl teh on TE pec ng cl bef treed ede cm ook fo te woke oe oe ere co ‘Range Nell yo ood ough Bae ‘As ane, sey rit ell bypass spel le. Sct (993) duced Ge peotan of Hy enge bp tat fata he was ftw poqsnson pm esd eect Shi cammotay, The stenatve bp ll ge pots Se i acte § muons uk ted on kmetve codes {Gavi essy fe aba les The ange fr He a He ‘le gpg hs, wich pl tht ene hh te ee {conse eared within pki’ mat The eeston of fhe al gto ot sll teem veal a Note (Souja the clinton of mad fen cel putin ing (eran 005 cap Gand there same ut wee ‘cmd wad mas any prea ence (Cat & Dl, 197). 2 srxnsmcaL tests sence Teng Elicina cn in amalgam ae te covert ad bk een Te ea wh the les of ‘Sobbing equines ese so poser corse Forge ¢ feenche tay who deamine wheter gree dom bevel fect mor experi dng Inti NEST, he ae eH i 2 bot erence di tbe uy ae eqn se fn ‘olin gad pa ol pas vb ae {a Uoeegond toda ns dence Rel ae ‘pats Fo ee Sado eh ppd mes nse mide Suit Waid gt hanigotctontceney Sou Gihicieels ie ees eee 1000 (y4- ) $1000, ihe got nag afc ones perhee Sod ai {le te a cant the eve mea ilece ta ech of Siete onan ‘sem thy oe In gy hth petiole 5 ese McBee (999) howe ff Tipe Teer 0 be the ‘at tad of he ptnt; he al ypotseaeorie es 1000 (a, —4) $1000 tu wld be oc fer he over cod of oneal cadence tour he sed in diese gene an 1000 oe te Spe en os aneiel conince ar ees a “1000. Roe, Hoar and Vaney (58) tases eqn sig ol ience, and P.M, Dison (1988) debe aplion Io ik oft Coane Iter “Ty 201) propia nme seach ng eas fr etic dieences epee netorianey (nate ostelif ‘Biter requ le tnd en afl pce en, Wc ‘Se mliedcnfdene elcome sind il nt Te {Toth ef nena coches ine te od fhe se ‘ef ean ution 2) md sro aa Fle ced [ySccesctio cor tro ht ofthe aie or of en ‘eos (Equation 28) over he mmo eal endl ees emu auf cern ter tgs om ao 70a 10, i kuna coer eral sce pally aoe an thee oF ‘Sel coeSene icra sou se eae ‘Rate atecetemesn vo mane onan fh pecs stint ccs ene do at ep Te pe ‘Soh ith huni Serene shee archer std ‘Saute ppc ad eondietoa shee Hypotat ‘be wont tht ani dos ote to ow coca tn ‘Seta NST, alate iene sing Soe esi ‘Sociud when cma pe fet bene m0 ae ‘Sitntmaue conte cose er sn suraees poe ‘STi enn pte dioee ne ene oe he ih ‘oe bol nd th me lover Bound of no ren coven ‘Bea Fo cmp fe 1000 to 1400 apd 12.00 0 1800 we te ‘Bicol coubiete ines te on olor ean the mamas Frleditens 1800 1000~ 88 Wh ddocece wi ‘Breit bythe eqtlnce ype stl qlee need A ‘Sova aes sly Seto eae nderit Et ot eves eo gat sy pee Ton aed a ‘thd ae naples meee Rca) the el ype ‘Sl nen of epee (0) Oe model cove wo a slr, ‘end eure a) drafted oncome—eeal {SiSeminmey—ay sie te otoeton of mgly ao ‘Sov ieenes ot nde Ie eat en wcrc ‘ila pte ps ‘Thee Vd Lage Kater (1960) ay have bre oe of he fe science unt ‘onpetetig el ger teemtnSevo-ael (ee i) ai o NHS. By, eae lel liad atemae ‘ype hae pr acetal nee ees ao we ‘Seite daton th sbaeh efar wearer ‘Tingtovesy ols taf deste slematn ype, (he fran he aber aw the euch bya The Sed aed {Scorn ceased lve hype Ha (990) ovis wey se conemgsny Sorin of orale ap bat ‘ruta cts nen [WHAT DO WE DO NOW BUILDING A BETTER FUTURE Ales comsieivg cite of aia ay, we an chon one of si long enue et 1. Do wot iy comin ing sate ee forte ps $0 yee 2. Stop ening music ete. Stop tchng cheno ‘aren comes Bteeey tan ther we by wing ‘SRL eure wladh hy ar wed Alou hain ‘Eid ethotcl aeen fated some hgh rected tcc Heal rch a es Hae 197, Sime 150, 2. Gr oe ween the re ese ene hat calle (eine Sapo we feat teneewm rene ‘Scns pi Segesing ox te ona coe ‘rei sect quienes ee we “hei opin ot cable Hecate eae nie cute ecomeaattehinmi nec thre outong mg. ‘Fn on tal os cl Joana doen en met ‘bn dt tom fief Us osm gute he eo ot (En ss wan lee la othe fil yale ‘eeu, rh os). The at cv ops re Bu eae ‘Qulincd mse ae esmmenns elon he pln They se inuned ws eormave eee Gage Tue tat unable yop ll dagen of tu etic ot vad [Shalt cones har chartered the sole bur NST, Sroodile cl meneame le eveyone Even Ye eet (Sothern lhe pot oti he ee a ett oa ‘Shr t bingo the seve sore toeoeen ee, [EE gtch eth eeu f ts ook “The man temeoftiresenaanionos ces bene! ee “The eo of NEST say ve eed In seo ed red rmooucrony ooNcHrIS 85earl esentutl ding whith we (ote uses fom Se humans wl the oe ne © (bivet to be mete ur rma le mode he tree ‘Howee, to fw nal wat he se fe of cng tan 0 ‘Scopus tne theme ds oegeseaind ‘Soar pedo encore bt snd pow inne ayo ‘Sine ng Arend coger he nl aanae Recents ‘Sess a ned nes dated 1. Onrinveyerlaaaryearch be bukoor eer ‘Ss cn a piel or HST te neat 2. ial ey es) nfemston sou owe at ‘eter nd (the ll peas ste ple 23. Inuylind febavonronuty teeters ‘dre en wl income NIST scone. 4 Bap he eed "ca Eo cu datas vorie Unleen miners duct emehinga een eigen 5 eth nocuhers apo wo wpe sn tee, ‘henee pote cro ets nonce “alter pemry rol Ta oe oe pa “heer nlshemsanee rence snd ow re 9. Rocher ne ae lp om hie st oe (Sop cbet snr ond cdo ners ‘4 Pinay Bl fo NHST May Be Se Onn Very Enon Reed “To iliy eC NHST es he dha quer of baht sane ae git hen apace ne ef samp ot maybe ‘Biome avy roeash ana Coverage many tos of NEST. own tps ene sal ba Given evden at 86 somencarass se sei hen steps ho noo einsion ots te SLSkStio moran agence Ef wh eee the Sic het NHST can tl we Me advanced ely ofthe eer xy ‘Epic nodel ting eign char rer euton mesg ‘Eine 190), cle lnc modeling (Fash & By 200, ‘alaontlar ane, Hagen Mucho, 200) ‘equ a dined ur ales, esol (che Laat ofa mang occ ana ht NHST othe ary Bienes to or Por Ay Un of Stal Tes, and Te Oy Plast Nil Fyeotoes The lol you pad shal ew pape moked et in cg. toe Wii 299) pel taporane so eg peme i mat of heres eee — ‘Tei he were for Hy eta: Thi boards of nea ‘Repco te ies whether he poner fe sa low £23) dha neve wns ae expe Kouing tht yee ‘ly dae hyper ep As cn powe do ote of «fy eve, ch can oly er f He oo ted Shcethee esl fer Wa pot ee few examples of rong Jere vchlenare sent lr mil aac {1a ond aly ashng stn wth Hy eacon. Ins es bed {en howe fea sot power wale mae elev Low Pras thar ape nie ndegneyet te els a emer (GueringantietullypohoceIiewtmble'otorony welt ‘Seen Spates importance ea of seal Soa healt orgy maid {el Nox Aste Ds Re Cry Be Ba of NST acer All fhe scons of NHST comer prove he tale ‘ti ranean Fotjastalete dco NST oso ‘Stal ao ou ete pinay conan oe eng whee tet Sect mio puoton Sop Ug he Wd “Sufi” Cnc Wah NEST Inindihs be chief the wot pan deere he vet (psn voy pour Alogi unde! hat erie [a5 nc yg tpt ce fod a fete bichon Asn we the beaer ves shoul gets nd back to he pene plc ard we ety vooucromeconcaeTs 87oe evened epee namie cst feos Use ola th word oma ne Hy weed tld toe Fc ewene ten of he poses Hy: p= Ocul be docbed ‘ence sal scion or ean eee he vt, nd metonf the pth Hyg ol be deed vere (Gras en eee (Tien 201). Calingan ei wal ‘Splendor tw clare bart eo aezemrty,Ofeme eel ‘ecwny soe anni borhan equine IT. ‘The siping it apes sho ne pee oe exes “ely net dana H jects Tig bec one cen TENG spel tar oes my mg wy bee ‘ce Selanne ry ea che nel sre ed Sroclee wee nnspeion of teres aus peed he quieren” (Themen, 58) ‘Wns Poste, Reza Sl Be OMe Rp ad eet [fer Ses od Cf e ‘Thien number furl ei fet se xmas p+ acetic resnmenian Ge chap hse) Report cones (Sis ner one br Ns noe he wilh [Fibs ene luc deel ee the oun omgling eo ‘Shctl wih en cvawed fart abe eso ans age ft ‘Sesh popu tn ay hve gr oe he ed ee ome o mega hat no ss pn cnt et fierce Kn of comps Gein cna ener er ‘SS cosome spe ute Homeer, lexan be we ced ‘Snags near ab epee in now br sis che Sl Alo Be Bg Deno he Sb Sipe Te Rens ‘Nall doting tines Ti, salt fr lone expan ie sdeee {So mls ww intretng ingrane A guck eaten ‘Seine poeta sy ted “Sing a Touhy Beavis oF ‘Alena fr aed Ren” elec wee tal agi, Eri ve ede eager to many eel {Pete adsl do Roun fi fot eta 3 ‘Sect demonae sutive sigaemes an eal rh a ‘Shea an ng acs nec cov et en Ba {lava ein si ers sarang poi fr dntering nino ga nc dae eng etsaaenesne (te n).e Seven toner ether one Ui doa sole or ae ea stansmca ness 7 ofthe ihn ented (Ki, 1996) These esa bore iene cen Reda eB Way Dal Wi Sang Boor “The ioal reson alo evi Ie wou ak sper seen satenent jal gang gece em. "Ei'wout cee she demande or she tort od en fver hel vo The gay of wh woul! paid gh ingeoe ‘ines Aroniene reno woud snl exe ome the per ee (icy dappear Sich s ouemen cold led egal eas SEL pero ra tne gece thes el or eed eee ‘ler pepectd or aig res en er (D Robes Sis, 17. _hason in Sin! Mad Sha! Be Mach Lae NHS ond Neve Cond ih Renan Derg See Sri “The eathol of NHST fen preted athe peck many tuna tana sumes To ton oo by be veal) ‘ova NST el peeing! a SEXIER Grete cee ten ie more han lc ses ‘Sou eal NEST mth an ene ri we (ake eal, 50) The saton le arin ender eros Pas sah emu edna appt tala (is sata) nba menu hge ce wa change nthe el Cech, ‘By Rar 0). is tr man stat eos 3 Foe soplse methods bend ela til tas mh we BE (Sgr Cape SLA Car, 0) ‘Shae cps aad mek nancy couse soul Lge oe pment: May fet ie es neg ae a cor ‘Sn pepsi owned devise or pce toe ta fl ‘Pecan pnt ‘Theae a sl bn de of eats coved fn a ‘cto comms Howes petal pletion ete dal ‘nip nrestl oi en neelned For elesar ‘Sentai ear bute fr compngn ineendet mens These {ane sos olen does tne ako pra slat, Yo. I owcaupl deg te cnwion bomen alten le done ae oop tei ada guna epee be [Pinyin hee snd et» pec of he Peso, ona Tat enphaison NHST nay once sees chone ser nin a ta an og Winac y199). Dong wy Hephemp tt NHST inne tdnce miele {Eyelid cio ia prion fate ng Ef ati epic dps. Cab 1998). The degen (Gents ere cet i dns may sls bc soe deelop beer muniaton sell Tb impor; fr olen wo le ke o> ‘Src ere they tela tbe tga of tha ol Fly ‘ste Odctumeay 8 Reel 350). “Wess ned ber nap een ous ntsc at sod sts Innyindayce pope thaw nec ee ght [Bcpemee coun sd thr my bei concise he ‘Toetomngunc sue tu ee rap ment fbiing ged ee oft porn appro Thx ay eos ‘Shuto ebik byron of be ening ofc se prt ‘tr nd nti ue Ss Sofer Sh Be Be Cnuin f Sie d Confoce teas Man geal epg el ey NHS “Thc then now open pl ta sane Lae fe Indes cesgng Conderng the Sons, oes eh, ‘an of uel tt bal be he opal sr Lily oso ‘se nee ale (4 Ky 99, a east sme ot ‘ecw sd ner shale ssl name eeren ‘Gece anal che fe oad abo ete se at es et Ships cote mara diet eco opens Many cep fry wal sie prog i pny ee cnc eb foe gens ein tine, by sol a ve AE as pple ccs em metoed hate ‘Seo mutate oped or nce onence nar et ‘nave creamy Cece ee wey veal ne oes a thecal ln ein rel eats pss CONCLUSION ‘Sail tet ave bn ihe cllosve Reha no he si eve What weer hi ad er odo ws wh sien than a ely tae Ts aleve mage thiking ‘epoled ie Sslpmen of pj en bere) ota camaive ‘ion Tore ban» inte Retween ie caress of ma ‘hcl esl whu neue tu of aie mar be ster Tht fet peli lle ol bypass id ‘oad chokel desl sump, aed pe, 50 sransneazrers denon the coer ming owls here wel be noble ‘haat or pty ere tcl Nove ae oon {gem onthe bchawaralclnces feed eel tug (fecha allot wich vole «och sneer lenin ane hosseer fr tal ata te Same se seston ‘Se coop ofa or sndcnbiee nea oll es ‘eres otpuronerttichand pote teete andembaen ‘fication fey et ren cme ‘plese bce vt pe roen o l RECOMMENDED READINGS (ih. Te ein <8) Ann Pg 957-0 YSeene Ot Nal pte ager sedan comme Podge ‘Shae fs hE (07) Econ bt le cfc he “Een sees wring neater tata 8 Yaa) Seg 8) Wa Fe ew ‘2p 3-64) oa Nun rrmooucrone concerns 91