Heading Topic

Intro to GIS 1
Data vs information 3
Data can be: 1-5. 1
Raster & vector 1
GIS functions Assembly, storage, analysis&manipulation, output. 2
Examples & applications 2

Data models, types & 2

measurement systems
3 forms of GIS data Spatial, tabular & image. 2
Vector data model Points, lines & polygons. Topology. Adv&Dis. Applications. 9
Raster data model Input methods/sources. Types. Adv&Dis. Applications. 1
Data types Discrete(thematic) & continuous. Data type considerations. 2
4 types of measurement Nominal, ordinal, interval & ratio. 2
systems

Data input & sources 3

Keyboard, COGO, GPS, scanning, 2
digitizing(operations&problems), image processing & file import.
Examples of GIS formats. 1

Data output 4
What is a map? Abstraction, focus, simplification, symbolization, scale, projection 4
& purpose.
Types of maps General reference(planimetric), topographic & cadastral. 9
Thematic types: graduated colour(choropleth),
proximal(dasymetric), Isopleth(contour/isarithmic) & point(dot
density)/symbol.
Output steps, design rules & Legend, map labels, colour, shading(for quant&qualitative data), 2
key components pattern & areas. GIS print output formats.

Components of GIS People, data(guidelines to look at- lineage, positional&attribute 5

accuracy, logical consistency & completeness),
hardware(coupled with networks), software &
procedures/methods.

GIS data 6
Representing real-world Georeferencing 3
objects on maps
Vector model Point, line, polygons. Object scale. Data formats/storage(feature 5
class/shapefile, feature dataset). Spaghetti & topological model.
Adv&Dis.
Raster model Vector to raster conversion, map quantity(DEM), image & digital 1
rasters. Georeferencing rasters. Raster resolution. Adv&Dis.
Coordinate systems GCS, UTM, state plane. Map scale(large vs small). 2
Data quality Geometric&thematic accuracy, resolution(spatial, 3
thematic&temporal) & precision.
ArcGIS introduction Data file formats used – Layers, shapefiles, 3

Attribute data
Standalone, attribute tables
& DBMS
Joining and relating tables
Summarizing tables
Attribute data fields
Adding x-y coordinates
Spatial joins
Digital maps and coordinate
systems
Maps and cartography
Geographic coordinate
systems
Map projections
Queries
Common applications
Attribute queries
Spatial queries
Map overlay &
geoprocessing
Geoprocessing
Problem with spatial joins &
the solution
Intersect & union
Silvers & tolerances
Other spatial analyst
functions
Geoprocessing
geodatabases(personal, file & enterprise), coverages & CAD.
7
Flat file, hierarchical & relational databases. 3
Source&destination tables. Cardinality. Join direction. 1
3
Creating database tables. Storage width(precision&scale). 3
Number storage&format(ASCII&Binary). Bytes.
Field types used in ArcGIS.
Event layers. Converting x-y coordinates. 4
Distance&inside joins(proximity&containment criterion). 8
Cardinality(simple&summarized). Coordinate system
requirements. Setting up spatial joins.
9
What is a map? Paper vs digital maps. Cartographic 3
considerations(map scale). Mapping stages.
Spheroid, geoid & datum. 1
Cylindrical, conic & azimuthal projections(normal, 1
transverse&oblique). Projection parameters(central
meridian&reference latitude). UTM&Hartebeesthoek94 systems.
Common coordinate systems.
1
Selecting features, exploring patterns, isolating features, 4
exploring spatial relationships & creating raster queries.
SQL expressions. Logical operators, field names, Boolean 1
operators (AND,OR,NOT), partial matches(LIKE/CONTAIN
operators).
Containment, intersection&proximity. Extraction functions(clip, 2
erase&characteristics).
1
3
6
Point&line-in-polygon & polygon-on-polygon. 8
1
Dissolving, buffering, append&merge. Efficiency of overlay. 2
Geoprocessing environment, arctoolbox&tolerances. 2
Area&length fields(recalculate geometry).
Model builder&scripts.
Raster analysis 1
Map algebra Addition, multiplication(AND-intersect in vector) & logical 6
functions(Boolean rasters). Boolean/raster overlay.
Distance functions Euclidean, buffers&cost distance functions. 1
Density functions Point, line&kernel density functions. 1
Interpolation 2
Surface analysis For continuous rasters. 2
Neighbourhood & zonal Block&focal functions. Zonal statistics. 2
statistics
Other raster analysis Reclassify, resampling(nearest neighbour, bilinear&cubic 3
convolution) & conversion.
Raster forms, attribute Integer&floating-point rasters. 3
tables, NoData values &
coordinate systems

Basic statistics 1
Descriptive & inferential Sampling error. 6
statistics
Measurement systems Discrete&continuous variables. Nominal/categorical, ordinal, 1
interval&ratio scales.
Accuracy & precision Systematic&random error. 1
Graphs of data 2
Central value Mean, median&mode. 2
Dispersion Range, quartiles, variance&standard deviation. 3
Symmetry Skewness, kurtosis & standard error of the mean. 4

Correlation analysis Correlation coefficient & its limitations. Coefficient of 2

determination.

Coefficient of determination Relationships between r, scatterplots & linear regression. 3

Correlation & regression 4

analysis
Regression
Types of regression
analysis
Strategy for complete
regression analysis (issues)
Overall strategy for solving
regression analysis
problems
Independent&dependant variables. Scatter diagram. 4
Regression line.
Multiple regression analysis(standard, hierarchial&stepwise). 1
Assumption of independence of errors. Multicollinearity. 1
Adjusted R2 strat for solving problems. Influential cases.
Baseline regression, test for transformations, substitute 2
transformed variables & validate&interpret selected model.

Geochemical modelling 1
through analysis
Modelling Importance. Sources. 3
Analysing geochemical data Major, minor&trace elements. Statistical analysis 8
(descriptive&multivariate). Spatial analysis. Data for mineral
exploration(collars, survey, assay, lithology, coords).
Displaying geochemical Anomalies(background, threshold&anomalies). 2
data 2D&3D modelling.