[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
Bpbfhg Vpbrl

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B &

MB]B VFAGCFG

>;>;

[^JIGVJ^
Bdngrtj Jalbwb Dufbs 
 

>

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Ïcmafg
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ) 
!" $%&'( """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

!"!"  """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ) 

*+,-.'+& """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""" 6 
/;-2>2,.'2, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

!"="  7.9%.;2;-2, """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0 

$%&'( 7.'2 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 5 
$%&'( $81 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

$%&'( $-'2&9+;< """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 4 

$%&'( ?11+3 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !) 

:'&%K B """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !N 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !5 
$%&'( F """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

MG-G'., >.9%.;2;-2, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !5 

!")"  """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !@ 

$%&'( $K2II """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

!"N"  H2,>&'<& """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" !@ 

!"6"  7.9%+I&>+A; """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =E 

!"0"  7.;L+<G'&>+A;""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =E 

!"5"  7.;>2%-., 3D,+>., O2 $%&'( """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" == 

H/: C:'&L. />J>I+>. H+'+<+O.[ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =) 

FHH """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =N 

!"@"  R^29%I., """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =0 

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =0 

MG;>+.;&9+2;-. +;-2';. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

R^29%I. V&]&W Y.'O 7.G;- """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =4 

Y.'O 7.G;- $>&I& """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" =4 

Y.'O 7.G;-W %P,%&'( """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )! 

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )) 

R^29%I. O2 $%&'( $81 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

R^29%I. O2 $%&'( $-'2&9+;< """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )0 

!"4"  X;-2<'&>+.;2, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" )@ 

="  12>-G'& '2>.92;O&O& """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" N! 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

2. Vpbrl 
Vpbrl gs uc irbogwjrl pbrb fjoputbr mbtjs gc fdustgr mgsbrrjddbmj pjr BO[Dbn gc db
Wcavgrsambm mg Fbdaijrcab, Ngrlgdgy y qug iug mjcbmj b Bpbfhg Vjitwbrg Ijucmbtajc.

B maigrgcfab mgd sastgob mg mjs ibsgs Obp ^gmufg gopdgbmj pjr Hbmjjp, Vpbrl gopdgb
oudtagtbpbs fjc praoatavbs gc ogojrab qug jntagcgc uc rgcmaoagctj hbstb 2;; vgfgs
supgrajr.

Fbrbftgrïstafbs5
  Ojmj mg iucfajcboagctj
•

j  Vpbrl stbcmbdjcg
j  Ojmj psgumj-mastran
psgumj-mastranuamj
uamj
j  Fdustgr5 Hbmjjp Qbrc j Bpbfhg Ogsjs, Cbtavj mg spbrl.
  Vastgob mg brfhavjs mastranuamjs5 HMIV, Havg, HNbsg, Fbssbcmrb, Bobzjc V6, Vwait,
•

Lumu, ]bfhyjc,....
  Ibfadambm mg usj5 Ebvb, Vfbdb, [ythjc, ^.
•

  Masgòbmj pbrb bd`jratojs mg bprgcmazbeg oâquacb j obfhacg dgbrcac`.

•

  Fjonacb VRD, strgboac` y bcâdasas fjopdgejs.

•

@rbc cõogrj mg fjctranuamjrgs5 prjygftj na` mbtb oâs bftavj mg sjitwbrg danrg.

2.2.  Hastjrab
Gc gd sa`uagctg taog dacg pjmgojs bprgfabr db gvjdufaöc y db bpbrafaöc mg tgfcjdj`ïbs fjoj
@IV, obprgmufg, Hbmjjp y pjstgrajrogctg Vpbrl.

Obp ^gmufg cj iucfajcb fjrrgftbogctg iugrb mgd gctjrcj nbfh `gcgrbd, pjr dj qug sur`agrjc
sjdufajcgs gc ijrob mg sastgobs gspgfabdazbmjs

[rjfgsboagctj `gcárafj gc nbtfh Vastgobs gspgfabdazbmjs5 atgrbtavjs, actgrbftavjs,

strgboac`, `rbijs, ….

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Wcb mg dbs pracfapbdgs maigrgcfabs gctrg spbrl y hbmjjp gs qug Vpbrl trbnbeb gc ogojrab
pracfapbd. Hbmjjp gc fbmb ibsg obp y rgmufg rgbdazbnb uc bffgsj b masfj oagctrbs qug gc
spbrl gstj cj gs cgfgsbraj. Gstj hbfg b Vpbrl obs râpamj gc mgtgroacbmbs farfucstbcfabs.
farfucstbcfabs.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Bctgfgsjrgs

Vpbrl sg nbsb mg mjs hgrrboagctbs, Vfbdb, uc dgc`ubeg mg prj`rbobfaöc y u irbogwjrl mg

mgsbrrjddj mg bpdafbfajcgs mgstranuambs ddbobmj bllb.

Vfbdb5
•  Jragctbmj b jnegtjs y b prj`rbobfaöc iucfajcbd
•  Dgc`ubeg mg bdtj cavgd pbrb dbs EYO
•  Actgrjpgrb fjc Ebvb

BLLB
•  Irbogwjrl jpgc-sjurfg mg prjpösatj `gcgrbd.
•  Vaopdaiafbc db fjcstruffaöc mg bpdafbfajcgs, mastranuambs sjnrg Ebvb j Vfbdb.
•  Gsfratj gc Vfbdb.
•  Wsb uc ojmgdj mg Bftjrgs pbrb bnstrbgr tjmj gd föma`j rgdbfajcbmj fjc hadjs.
•  [rjpjrfajcb uc actgribz saopdg y õtad pbrb aopdgogctbr uc sastgob gsfbdbndg y
tjdgrbctg b ibddjs iâfadogctg.

Vpbrl
•  Vg fjcstruyg sjnrg BLLB
•  Irbogwjrl pbrb prjfgsbr mbtjs gc nbtfh usbcmj ucb vgrsaöc `gcgrbdazbmb mgd
bd`jratoj obp-rgmufg
obp-rgmufg..
•  Wc nugc gegopdj mg Bpbfhg Vpbrl gs gd fâdfudj mg bd`ucbs oátrafbs mg
bdobfgcboagctj
bdobfgcboag ctj mg mbtjs pbrb jntgcgr ucb ogejr vasaöc mg djs oasojs. Djs mbtjs sjc
fbr`bmjs y prjfgsbmjs b pgtafaöc.
•  Bpbfhg Vpbrl Vtrgboac` gs fbpbz mg rgbdazbr bffajcgs saoadbrgs y iucfajcgs gc fbsa
tagopj rgbd pbrb pgqugòjs prjfgsjs mg mbtjs, mgd oasoj ojmj qug sg pjmrïb hbfgr
sjnrg mbtjs yb bdobfgcbmjs.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

2.>.  Fjopjcgctgs

Vpbrl jirgfg mastactjs fjopjcgctgs pbrb hbfgr irgctg b mastactbs cgfgsambmgs gc cugstrjs
prjygftjs fjoj fjcudtbs VRD, obfhacg dgbrcac` y prjfgsboagctj mg `rbijs.

Ia`urb >. Brquatgfturb Vpbrl / Iugctg5 Iucmbfaöc Bpbfhg. 

Bpbfhg.  

B fjctacubfaöc, hbrgojs uc rgpbsj mg fbmb ucj mg djs fjopjcgctgs pracfapbdgs bsa fjoj sus
fbrbftgrïstafbs obs rgsgòbndgs.

Vpbrl Fjrg

•  @gstjr mastranuamj mg tbrgbs, pdbcaiafbfaöc y iucfajcbdambmgs nâsafbs A/J.

•  ^MM (^gsadagct Mastranutgm Mbtbsgts), ucb fjdgffaöc mg mbtjs pbrtafajcbmjs gctrg
oâquacbs.
•  ^MMs pugmgc sgr frgbmjs pjr mbtbsgt rgigrgcfabcmj b sastgobs mg bdobfgcboagctj
gxtgrcj, j bpdafbcmj trbcsijrobfajcgs (obp, iadtgr, rgmufg j ejac) sjnrg gxastgctgs
^MMs.
•
  Djs ^MM sg jntagcgc ogmabctg gd gopdgj mg B[As gc Ebvb, [ythjc, Vfbdb, y ^.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

•  Vaopdaiafb db prj`rbobfaöc yb qug sg dbs bpdafbfajcgs pugmgc obcapudbr djs ^MMs mg

ojmj saoadbr b dbs fjdgffajcgs mg mbtjs.

Vpbrl Fjrg gs uc ojtjr mg gegfufaöc `gcgrbd pbrb db pdbtbijrob mg Vpbrl qug pgroatg qug
jtrjs fjopjcgctgs
Vus fjopjcgctgs sg fjcstruybc sjnrg
y iucfajcbdambmgs ád. sjc5
nâsafbs
j  [rj`rbobfaöc mg tbrgbs
j  @gstaöc mg ogojrab
j  ^gfupgrbfaöc
^gfupgrbfaö c irgctg b ibddjs
j  Actgrbffaöc fjc sastgobs mg bdobfgcboagc
bdobfgcboagctjtj
j  Vgcfaddj mg mgsbrrjddbr5 pgroatg
pgroatg B[As cbtavbs fjc Ebvb, Vfbdb, [ythjc, ^ y VRD

^gsadagct Mastranutgm Mbtbsgts (^MM) sjc gd praogr cavgd mg bnstrbffaöc fjc gd qug Vpbrl
rgprgsgctb ucb fjdgffaöc mg gdgogctjs mastranuamjs sjnrg oõdtapdgs cjmjs y qug pugmgc sgr
obcapudbmjs gc pbrbdgdj.

Gd prj`rbobmjr pugmg mgiacar gd cõogrj mg pbrtafajcgs bsjfabmbs b uc ^MM.

Ia`urb >. [rjfgsboagctj ^MM / Iugctg5 Iucmbfaöc Bpbfhg.

Vpbrl VRD

Vpbrl VRD
  Actrjmufg ucb cugvb bnstrbffaöc ogmabctg djs ddbobmjs MbtbIrbogs, qug prjpjrfajcb
•

sjpjrtg b mbtjs gstrufturbmjs y sgoa gstrufturbmjs.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

•  Vpbrl VRD prjpjrfajcb uc dgc`ubeg mg mjoacaj gspgfïiafj pbrb obcapudbr djs

MbtbIrbogs gc Vfbdb, Ebvb, j [ythjc.
•  ]bonaác prjpjrfajcb uc dgc`ubeg mg sjpjrtg gc VRD, fjc ucb actgribz mg dïcgb mg
fjobcmjs y uc sgrvamjr JMNF/EMNF sgrvgr.
•  Hbstb db vgrsaöc 2.6 djs MbtbIrbogs sg ddbobnbc Vfhgob^MMs.

Vpbrl VRD gs ucb actgribz qug pgroatg trbnbebr fjc mbtjs gstrufturbmjs y sgoagstrufturbmjs
(mbtjs qug tagcgc uc gsqugob, gs mgfar, uc fjceuctj mg fbopjs mgiacamjs).

Fbrbftgrïstafbs5
  Actg`rbmj5 pgroatg ogzfdbr qugrags VRD fjc prj`rbobs Vpbrl
•

fjctgxt ? HavgFjctgxt(sf)
rgsudts ? fjctgxt.sqd( "VGDGF] * I^JO pgjpdg")
cbogs ? rgsudts.obp(dbonmb p5 p.cbog)

•  Bffgsj ucaijrog b djs mbtjs5 pgroatg fjcgftbr fjc fubdquagr jra`gc mg mbtjs mgd
oasoj ojmj acfduygcmj fjcgftjrgs fjc BY^J, Havg, [brqugt, J^F, EVJC y EMNF
fjctgxt.esjcIadg("s6c5//...").rg`a
fjctgxt.esjcIadg("s6c5//...").rg`astgr]gop]bnd
stgr]gop]bndg("esjc")
g("esjc")
rgsudts ? fjctgxt.sqd("""VGDGF] * I^JO pgjpdg EJAC esjc ...""")

•  Fjopbtanadambm fjc Havg5 sg pugmgc gegfutbr qugrags mg Havg margftbogctg sac

rgbdazbr ojmaiafbfajcg
ojmaiafbfajcgs.
s.
aopjrt jr`.bpbfhg.spbr
jr`.bpbfhg.spbrl.sqd.havg.HavgFj
l.sqd.havg.HavgFjctgxt
ctgxt
vbd sf ? cgw VpbrlFjctgxt(...)
vbd havgFtx ? cgw HavgFjctgxt(sf)

•  Gstâcmbr mg Fjcgftavambm5 fjc EMNF y JMNF

^gcmaoagctj y gsfbdbnadambm5 acfduyg uc jptaoazbmjr nbsbmj gc fjstg, bdobfgcboagctj gc

ojmj fjduocb y uc `gcgrbmjr mg föma`j pbrb jptaoazbr dbs fjcsudtbs.

•  Db fbr`b mg mbtjs y gegfufaöc mg qugrags mgvugdvg gsqugobs ^MM (Mbtb Irbogs)

j  Wc Vfhgob^MM gs saoadbr b dbs tbndbs gc djs sastgobs mg mbtjs trbmafajcbdgs.

j  Wc Vfhgob^MM gs uc ^MM fjopugstj pjr iadbs mg jnegtjs fjc acijrobfaöc

bmafajcbd mg fbmb tapj gc fbmb fjduocb.

GEGO[DJ

// Acfduaojs aopjrt
aopjrt jr`.bpbfhg.sp
jr`.bpbfhg.spbrl.sqd.havg.Havg
brl.sqd.havg.HavgFjctgxt
Fjctgxt
// Frgbojs gd fjctgxtj

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

vbd sf ? cgw VpbrlFjctgxt(...)

vbd havgFtx ? cgw HavgFjctgxt(sf)

// ^gfupgrbojs djs mbtjs mg uc iafhgrj mg gctrbmb

vbd acput ? havgFtx.esjcIadg ("/gegopdjsVpbrl/twggts.esjc")
("/gegopdjsVpbrl/twggts.esjc")

// ^g`astrbojs djs mbtjs mgctrj mgd sfhgob ^MM

acput.rg`astgr]gop]bndg(—twggts‟)

// Vgdgfajcbojs djs twggts nbsâcmjcjs gc gd cõogrj mg rgtwggts

vbd tjp]wggts ? havgFtx.sqd(—VGDGF] tgxt, rgtwggtFjuct I^JO twggts J^MG^ NQ
rgtwggtFjuct DAOA] 2;‟)

Vpbrl Vtrgboac`

•  Gopdgb db fbpbfambm mg pdbcaiafbfaöc mg tbrgbs mg Vpbrl Fjrg pbrb rgbdazbr tbrgbs

bcbdïtafbs gc strgboac`.
•  [ugmg ac`grar mbtjs mg oaca prjfgsjs nbtfh y rgbdazbr trbcsijrobfajcgs
trbcsijrobfajcgs ogmabctg ^MM
sjnrg djs mbtjs mg mafhjs oaca nbtfhgs.
•  Gstg masgòj pgroatg qug gd föma`j masgòbmj pbrb uc prjfgsj nbtfh bcbdïtafj pugmb
sgr gopdgbmj gc uc prjfgsj bcbdïtafj gc strgboac`, sjnrg ucb õcafb oâquacb.

Vpbrl Vtrgboac` gs ucb actgribz qug pgroatg fjcstruar bpdafbfajcgs

bpdafbfajcgs mg strgboac` tjdgrbctgs
b ibddjs mg uc ojmj sgcfaddj.

Fbrbftgrïstafbs5

•  Iâfad mg usbr5 pgroatg fjcstruar bpdafbfajcgs nbsâcmjsg gc jpgrbmjrgs acfduamjs gc

su B[A, prjpjrfajcbcmj sjpjrtg pbrb Ebvb, Vfbdb y [ythjc.

]wattgrWtads.frgbtgVtrgbo(...)
.iadtgr(Z.`gt]gxt.fjctbacs("Vpbrl"))
.fjuctNyPacmjw(Vgfjcms(7))

•  ^gsastgctg irgctg b ibddjs5 rgfupgrb trbnbejs pgrmamjs y su gstbmj

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

2;

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

•  Actg`rbfaöc fjc Vpbrl5 fjonacb actg`rbfaöc gc ojmj nbtfh j fjcsudtbs actgrbftavbs

// Nusfbr pbdbnrbs fjc obyjr irgfugcfab qug djs mbtjs hastörafjs.

strgbo.ejac(hastjrafFjucts).iadtgr
strgbo.ejac(hastjrafFjucts).iadtgr {
fbsg (wjrm, (furFjuct, jdmFjuct)) ?3
furFjuct 3 jdmFjuct
}

!"#$%&%' )% )*+,'
Djs mbtjs pugmgc sgr ac`gramjs mgsmg mastactjs jrï`gcgs mg mbtjs y sus rgsudtbmjs pugmgc sgr
ojstrbmjs gc maigrgctgs ijrobtjs

Ia`urb >. Iugctgs mg mbtjs / Iugctg5 Iucmbfaöc Bpbfhg.

]bonaác sg pugmgc gopdgbr fjoj jrï`gcgs mg mbtjs djs bd`jratojs mg bprgcmazbeg oâquacb
y djs bd`jratojs mg prjfgsboagctj mg `rbijs.

Vpbrl Vtrgboac` gxtagcmg db B[A mgd fjrg pbrb pgroatar bdtj rgcmaoagctj y prjfgsboagctj
tjdgrbctg irgctg b ibddjs mg djs mbtjs mg gctrbmb.

Ia`urb >. [rjfgsboagctj nbtfh / Iugctg5 Iucmbfaöc Bpbfhg.

-%'+./& ;*2>

Db fjoputbfaöc gc strgboac` gs trbtbmb fjoj uc fjceuctj mg fjoputbfajcgs nbtfh.

Gc fbmb actgrvbdj mg tagopj5

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

22

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

•  Djs mbtjs sjc rgfj`amjs.

•  Bd iacbd mgd actgrvbdj sg frgb uc ^MM.
•  Djs mbtjs sg prjfgsbc gc tbrgbs Vpbrl.

Djs rg`astrjs sjc prjfgsbmjs gc nbtfhgs fjc tbrgbs pgqugòbs mjcmg fbmb nbtfh gs uc ^MM.

6=%77,' )% ;,+%77*

Vastgobs trbmafajcbdgs mg Vtrgboac`5 fugddjs mg njtgddb

[dbcaiafbfajcgs gstâtafbs mg jpgrbfajcgs sjnrg cjmjs pugmgc jfbsajcbr fugddjs mg njtgddb.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

2>

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

9,).0.2*2./& )% +*8*1,' )% +*"%*'

[dbcaiafbfajcgs macâoafbs
macâoafbs mg tbrgbs qug bsg`urbc mastranufajcgs mgsa`ubdgs mg db fbr`b

5%2=<%"*2./& *&+% 0*77,'

Vastgobs trbmafajcbdgs mg Vtrgboac`

Dgctb rgfupgrbfaöc bd usbr cjmjs acmavamubdgs pbrb djs rgfâdfudjs

Vpbrl Vtrgboac`

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

26

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

^gfupgrbfaöc oâs râpamb bd usbr oõdtapdgs cjmjs pbrb djs rgfâdfudjs

Vpbrl ODDan

•  Irbogwjrl mastranuamj mg bprgcmazbeg butjoâtafj fjcstruamj sjnrg Vpbrl Fjrg.

•  @rbfabs b su brquatgfturb Vpbrl pgroatg uc rgcmaoagctj 1 vgfgs supgrajr b dbs

aopdgogctbfajcgs
aopdgogctbf ajcgs nbsbmbs gc masfj qug gopdgbnb.

j
  Bpbfhg Obhjut (mg bfugrmj fjc djs gstumajs rgbdazbmjs pjr djs mgsbrrjddbmjr
mgsbrrjddbmjrgs
gs
mg ODdan irgctg b dbs aopdgogctbfajcgs mg Bdtgrcbtac` Dgbst Vqubrgs(BDV), y
bctgs mg qug Obhjut sg actg`rbrb gc db actgribz mg Vpbrl),

j  Yjwpbd Pbnnat, ddanrgrïb mg Obfhacg Dgbrcac` mg Qbhjj qug `gstajcb Oafrjsjit

^gsgbrfh.

•  Oufhjs bd`jratojs gstbmïstafjs y mg bprgcmazbeg oâquacb hbc samj aopdgogctbmjs g

acfduamjs gc ODDAN.

Vpbrl ODDan gs ucb danrgrïb gsfbdbndg mg bprgcmazbeg mg dgc`ubeg oâquacb.

Fbrbftgrïstafbs5
  Iâfad mg usbr5
•

j  [groatg fjcstruar bpdafbfajcgs nbsâcmjsg gc jpgrbmjrgs acfduamjs gc su B[A.

  [rjpjrfajcbc
[rjpjrfajcbcmj
mj sjpjrtg pbrb Ebvb, Vfbdb, [ythjc y Vpbrl ^.
j

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

2=

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

j  [groatg gopdgbr fjoj jrï`gcgs mg mbtjs fubdquagr jra`gc mg Hbmjjp (HMIV,

HNbsg j sastgob mg brfhavjs djfbd), hbfagcmj sgcfaddb su actg`rbfaöc fjc djs
iduejs mg trbnbej mg Hbmjjp.

•  ^gcmaoagctj5 pjsgg bd`jratojs mg bdtb fbdambm 2;;x oâs râpamjs mg Obp^gmufg.

•  Iâfad mg mgspdg`br5 pugmg fjrrgr sjnrg fdustgrs mg Hbmjjp >.X gxastgctgs y sjnrg sus
mbtjs, sac rgbdazbr cac`õc tapj mg prgacstbdbfaöc. ]bonaác acstbdbrsg gc uc stbcmbdjcg
gc GF> j gc Ogsjs.

•  Bopdab danrgrïb mg bd`jratojs y utadambmgs5

j  ^g`rgsaöc dj`ïstafb y VYO (dacgbr suppjrt vgftjr obfhacg)
j  Bd`jratojs mg fdbsaiafbfaöc y ârnjdgs mg rg`rgsaöc
j 
j 
^bomjo Ijrgst
^gfjogcmbfaöc
^gfjogcmbf aöc yogmabctg
`rbmagct-njjstgm trggs dgbst squbrgs)
BDV (bdtgrcbtac`
j  Fdustgrac` ogmabctg l-ogbcs, ogzfdbs @bussabcbs (@OO)
j  Ojmgdbmj töpafj ogmabctg DMB (Dbtgct Marafhdgt Bddjfbtajc)
j  Mgsfjopjsafaöc
Mgsfjopjsaf aöc mg vbdjrgs sac`udbrgs (VYM) y mgsfjopjsafaöc R^
j  Bcâdasas mg fjopjcgctgs pracfapbdgs ([FB)
j  ^g`rgsajcgs dacgbdgs fjc D2, D>, y rg`udbfaöc gdâstafb gc rgm
j  ^g`rgsaöc asjtöcafb
j  Oudtacjoabd/nacjoabd
Oudtacjoabd/n acjoabd Nbygsbcj ac`gcuj
j  Oacgrïb fjceuctb mg gdgogctjs b trbvás mg frgfaoagctj-
frgfaoagctj-I[
I[ y rg`dbs mg
bsjfabfaöc
j  Oacgrïb mg ojmgdjs sgfugcfabdgs b trbvás mg [rgiaxVpbc
j  ^gsõogcgs gstbmïstafjs y prugnbs mg hapötgsas
j  ]rbcsijrobfajcgs
]rbcsijrobfa jcgs mg iucfajcgs
j  Ojmgdjs mg gvbdubfaöc y tucac` mg hapgr pbrâogtrjs.

pjacts ? spbrl.tgxtIadg("hmi
spbrl.tgxtIadg("hmis5//...").obp(pb
s5//...").obp(pbrsg[jact)
rsg[jact)
ojmgd ? LOgbcs.trbac(pjacts, l?2;)
// Gvbdubojs gd ojmgdj
vbd tgstZpjacts ? spbrl.tgxtIadg("hmis
spbrl.tgxtIadg("hmis5//...")
5//...")
tgstZpjacts.obp( t?3 ojmgd.prgmaf
ojmgd.prgmaftt (t)).fjddgft()
(t)).fjddgft().ijrgbfh(practd
.ijrgbfh(practdc)
c)

@rbph X

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

27

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

•  Acafabmj fjoj prjygftj mg acvgsta`bfaöc mg db WF Ngrlgdgy's BO[Dbn bcm Mbtbnrafls

fjoj Vpbrl
•  Irbogwjrl mg prjfgsboagctj mg `rbijs fjcstruamj sjnrg Vpbrl.
•
  [rjpjrfajcb ucb B[A pbrb gxprgsbr fjoputbfaöc `râiafb qug pgroatg ojmgdbr
bnstrbffajcgs [rg`gd.
•  ]bonaác prjpjrfajcb uc ojmgdj mg gegfufaöc jptaoazbmj pbrb gstb bnstrbffaöc.

4;'+"*22./& )% ?"%$%7

Ia`urb. [ugctgs mg Lùca`sngr` / Iugctg5 walapgmab.

[rjndgob mg djs pugctgs mg Lùca`sngr`

  ^gsugdtj pjr Dgjchbrm Gudgr gc 2069.
•

•  Maj jra`gc b db tgjrïb mg `rbijs.

•  Lùca`sngr`, faumbm mg [rusab Jragctbd y dug`j mg Bdgobcab qug mgsmg 21=7 sg

fjcvgrtarïb gc db faumbm rusb mg Lbdacac`rbmj.
•  stb faumbm gs btrbvgsbmb pjr gd rïj [rg`gd mavamagcmj gd tgrrgcj gc fubtrj rg`ajcgs
mastactbs, dbs qug gctjcfgs gstbnbc ucambs ogmabctg sagtg pugctgs.

•  Gd prjndgob iug ijroudbmj gc gd sa`dj XYAAA y fjcsastïb gc gcfjctrbr uc rgfjrramj pbrb

fruzbr b pag tjmb db faumbm, pbsbcmj södj ucb vgz pjr fbmb ucj mg djs pugctgs, y
rg`rgsbcmj bd oasoj puctj mg acafaj.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

29

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Ia`urb. ]gjrïb mg `rbijs / Iugctg5 walapgmab 

Vpbrl @rbphX gs ucb B[A pbrb `rbijs y su prjfgsboagctj gc pbrbdgdj.

Fbrbftgrïstafbs5

•  Idgxanadambm5
j  [groatg trbnbebr fjc fjdgffajcgs y fjc `rbijs.
j  @rbphX ucaiafb djs G]Ds, gd bcâdasas gxpdjrbtjraj y db fjoputbfaöc actgrbftavb
`râiafb gc uc õcafj sastgob.
j 
Vg
djs pugmgc
`rbijs vasubdazbr
y ucardjs djs
fjcmbtjs
^MMsfjoj `rbijs giafagctg,
mg ijrob j fjoj fjdgffajcgs,
y gsfranar trbcsijrobr
tus prjpajs
bd`jratojs `rbijs atgrbtavjs usbcmj db B[A mg [rg`gd.

•  Ygdjfambm5
j  ^gcmaoagctj saoadbr b djs sastgobs mg prjfgsboagctj mg `rbijs gspgfabdazbmj
oâs râpamjs.
j  Obctgcagcmj db idgxanadambm mg Vpbrl, db tjdgrbcfab irgctg b ibddjs y db ibfadambm
mg usj.

•  Bd`jratojs5 db B[A acfduyg ucb `rbc vbragmbm mg bd`jratojs nbsbmjs `rbijs fjoj5
j  [b`g^bcl
j  Fjccgftgm fjopjcgcts
j  Dbngd prjpb`btajc
j  VYM++
  Vtrjc`dy fjccgftgm fjopjcgcts
j

j  ]rabc`dg fjuct

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

20

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Vpbrl ^

•  Gs uc pbqugtg mg ^ qug prjpjrfajcb uc irjctgcm da`grj pbrb usbr Bpbfhg Vpbrl mgsmg
^.
•  Gc Vpbrl 2.7.>, Vpbrl^ prjpjrfajcb ucb aopdgogctbfaöc
aopdgogctbfaöc mgd mbtb irbog
•  [groatg sjpjrtbr jpgrbfajcgs sjnrg `rbcmgs mbtbsgts fjoj5
j  Vgdgffaöc,
j  Iadtrbmj
j  B`rg`bfaöc.
•  Vjpjrtb gd bprgcmazbeg oâquacb mastranuamj gopdgbcmj ODDan.

Iuturjs fjopjcgctgs

NdaclMN
•  Ojtjr mg qugrags qug pgroatg gegfutbr mg ijrob obsavb y gc pbrbdgdj qugrags VRD
sjnrg `rbcmgs vjdõogcgs mg mbtjs.
•
  [groatg b djs usubrajs `gstajcbr djs tagopjs mg rgspugstb, pgroatagcmj frgbr qugrags
actgrbftavbs
j  Rugrags sjnrg ougstrbs mg mbtjs
j  ^gprgsgctbcmj
^gprgsgctbcm j djs rgsudtbmjs fjc nbrrbs mg grrjr sa`caiafbtavjs.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

28

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

2.6.  Vpbrl Vhgdd

Db acstbdbfaöc mg Vpbrl acfduyg vbrabs Vhgdds pbrb actgrbftubr fjc djs mbtjs.
•  [ythjc5 ./nac/pyspbrl

dacgs ? sf.tgxtIadg(—^GBMOG.om‟)
sf.tgxtIadg(—^GBMOG.om‟) # Frgbojs uc ^MM ddbobmj dacgs
dacgs.fjuct() # mgvugdvg gd cõogrj mg gdgogctjs acfduamj gc gd ^MM

•  Vfbdb5 ./nac/spbrl-shgdd 
./nac/spbrl-shgdd

vbd dacgs ? sf.tgxtIadg(—^GB

sf.tgxtIadg(—^GBMOG.om‟)
MOG.om‟) # Frgbojs uc ^MM ddbobmj dacgs
dacgs.fjuct() # mgvugdvg gd cõogrj mg gdgogctjs acfduamj gc gd ^MM

•  Vpbrl^5 ./nac/spbrl^

Mgsmg db vgrsaöc 2.= sg hb acfjrpjrbmj gd pbqugtg mg ^ qug prjpjrfajcb uc irjctgcm

da`grj pbrb usbr Bpbfhg Vpbrl mgsmg ^.

Vpbrl^ prjpjrfajcb ucb aopdgogctbfaöc mgd mbtbirbog qug pgroatg sjpjrtbr

jpgrbfajcgs fjoj sgdgffaöc, iadtrbmj y b`rg`bfaöc, pgrj sjnrg `rbcmgs mbtbsgts.
Vpbrl^ tbonaác sjpjrtb gd bprgcmazbeg oâquacb mastranuamj gopdgbcmj ODdan.
sf 4- spbrl^.acat()
rmm 4- pbrbddgdazg(
pbrbddgdazg(sf,
sf, 252;)
fjuct(rmm) # 2;

2.=.  Mgsfbr`b

[brb trbnbebr fjc spbrl dj praogrj qug mgngojs hbfgr gs mgsfbr`br gd pbqugtg mgsmg su
wgn5
http5//spbrl.bpbfhg.jr`/mjw
http5//spbrl.bpbfhg.jr`/mjwcdjbms.htod
cdjbms.htod  

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

21

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

w`gt http5//bpbfhg.rgmaras
http5//bpbfhg.rgmaras.gs/spbrl/spbrl
.gs/spbrl/spbrl->.=.;/spbrl->.=.;-nac-hbmjjp>.0.t`z 
->.=.;/spbrl->.=.;-nac-hbmjjp>.0.t`z

tbr -xvi spbrl->.=.;-nac-hbmjjp>.0.t`z 

spbrl->.=.;-nac-hbmjjp>.0.t`z

ov spbrl->.=.;-nac-hb
spbrl->.=.;-nac-hbmjjp>.0
mjjp>.0 /hjog/na`mbtb/spbrl 
/hjog/na`mbtb/spbrl

sumj cbcj ~/.nbshrf 

# V[B^L YB^ABNDGV V]B^]  

gxpjrt V[B^LZHJOG?/hjo g/na`mbtb/spbrl 
V[B^LZHJOG?/hjog/na`mbtb/spbrl

gxpjrt
# V[B^L[B]H?$[B]H5
[B]H?$[B]H5$V[B^LZHJOG/nac
$V[B^LZHJOG/nac
YB^ABNDGV GCM    

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>;

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

sjurfg ~/.nbshrf 

2.7.  Fjopadbfaöc

Vg rgidgebc djs pbsjs pbrb mgsfbr`br gd föma`j mg spbrl bsï fjoj su pjstgrajr fjopadbfaöc,
bucqug pbrb gs sg`uaoagctj mg djs gegopdjs gstj cj gs cgfgsbraj.

2.9.  Fjcia`urbfaöc
B fjctacubfajc sg mgtbddbc djs pbsjs pbrb fjcia`urbrb spbrl

fm spbrl 
fm fjci  
ds 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>2

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

fp spbrl-gcv.sh.tgopdbtg spbrl-gcv.sh 
spbrl-gcv.sh.tgopdbtg

sumj cbcj spbrl-gcv.sh 

V[B^LZMAV]ZFDBVV[B]H?$(/hjog/na`mbtb/hbmjjp/nac/hbm
V[B^LZMAV]ZFDBVV[B]H?$(/hjog/na` jjp fdbsspbth) 
mbtb/hbmjjp/nac/hbmjjp
gxpjrt
V[B^LZMAV]ZFDBVV[B]H?"$V[B^L
V[B^LZMAV]ZFDB VV[B]H?"$V[B^LZMAV]ZFDBVV[B]H
ZMAV]ZFDBVV[B]H5/hjog/na`mbtb/hb
5/hjog/na`mbtb/hbmjjp/shbrg/hbm 
mjjp/shbrg/hbm 
jjp/tjjds/dan/*"  

sumj fp dj`=e.prjpgrtags.tgopdbtg dj`=e.prjpgrtags 

dj`=e.prjpgrtags.tgopdbtg

sumj cbcj dj`=e.prjpgrtags 

Ojmaiafbojs gd brfhavj dj`=e.prjpgrtags

dj`=e.prjpgrtags,, fbonabcmj5
btg`jry?ACIJ, fjcsjdg 
dj`=e.rjjtFbtg`jry?ACIJ,
dj`=e.rjjtF
pjr5
btg`jry?G^^J^, fjcsjdg 
dj`=e.rjjtFbtg`jry?G^^J^,
dj`=e.rjjtF

spbrl-shgdd

sfbdb3 gxat 
sfbdb35q 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>>

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

 pyspbrl

333gxat()

 
2.0. Fjcfgptjs nâsafjs mg Vpbrl
Bpbfhg Vpbrl fjonacb
"  Wc sastgob mg fjoputbfaöc mastranuamb b trbvás mg fdustgrs mg jrmgcbmjrgs
"  Wcb obcgrb sgcfaddb y gdg`bctg mg gsfranar prj`rbobs.

Obp^gmufg pgroatg
"  ]rbnbebr fjc `rbcmgs fjceuctjs mg mbtjs.
"  Wc ojmgdj rgdbtavbogctg saopdg pbrb gsfranar prj`rbobs.
!  Gegfufaöc pbrbdgdb
!  Fagctjs y oadgs mg oâquacbs
"  Wcb rgdbfaöc dacgbd mg gsfbdbnadambm
!  Va djs mbtjs frgfgc gs pjsandg bòbmar oâs oâquacbs y tbrmbr dj oasoj.
! 

Vpbrl
"  obctagcg db gsfbdbnadambm dacgbd y db tjdgrbcfab b ibddjs

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>6

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

"  Bopdïb sus njcmbmgs `rbfabs b MB@ y ^MM

MB@ (@rbij Bfïfdafj Mara`amj)

"  @rbij mara`amj qug cj tagcg fafdjs

"  [brb fbmb cjmj mgd `rbij cj hby uc fboacj margftj qug fjoagcfg y iacbdafg gc mafhj
cjmj.
"  Wc vártafg sg fjcgftb b jtrj, pgrj cucfb b sï oasoj.

Vpbrl sjpjrtb gd iduej mg mbtjs bfïfdafj.

"  Fbmb tbrgb mg Vpbrl frgb uc MB@ mg gtbpbs mg trbnbej pbrb qug sg gegfutgc gc uc
mgtgroacbmj fdustgr.
"  Obp^gmufgf
Obp^gmufgfrgbrgb uc MB@ fjc mjs gstbmjs prgmgiacamjs (Obp y ^gmufg), djs `rbijs
MB@ frgbmjs pjr Vpbrl pugmgc tgcgr fubdquagr cõogrj mg gtbpbs.

Vpbrl fjc MB@ gs oâs râpamj qug Obp^gmufg

"  Cj tagcg qug gsfranar gc masfj djs rgsudtbmjs jntgcamjs gc dbs gtbpbs actgrogmabs mgd
`rbij. Obp^gmufg, sac gonbr`j, mgng gsfranar gc masfj djs rgsudtbmjs gctrg dbs
gtbpbs Obp y ^gmufg.

"  @rbfabs b ucb fjopdgtb B[A, gs pjsandg prj`rbobr fjopdgejs hadjs mg gegfufaöc
pbrbdgdjs gc ucbs pjfbs dïcgbs mg föma`j.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>=

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

^MM

^MM (^gsadagct Mastranutgm Mbtbsgt)

Bpbfhg Vpbrl ogejrb fjc rgspgftj b djs mgoâs sastgobs gc fubctj b db fjoputbfaöc gc
ogojrab.
Wc ^MM gs ucb fjdgffaöc mastranuamb mg gdgogctjs.
Djs ^MM pgroatg b djs prj`rbobmjrgs rgbdazbr jpgrbfajcgs sjnrg `rbcmgs fbctambmgs mg mbtjs
gc fdustgrs mg ucb obcgrb râpamb y tjdgrbctg b ibddjs.
Vur`gc mgnamj b5
"  Hgrrboagctbs gxastgctgs acgiafagctgs b db hjrb mg gegfutbr bd`jratojs atgrbtavjs y
prjfgsjs mg oacgrïb mg mbtjs.
"  Mbtjs gc ogojrab ogejrb gd rgcmaoagctj fjcsamgrbndgogctg.

Wcb vgz qug djs mbtjs hbc samj dgïmjs fjoj jnegtjs ^MM gc Vpbrl, pugmgc rgbdazbrsg mavgrsbs
jpgrbfajcgs ogmabctg sus B[As. Djs mjs tapjs mg jpgrbfajcgs qug sg pugmgc rgbdazbr sjc5
 
" ]rbcsijrobfajcgs
cugvj y ojmaiafbmj(ge Obp,
^MM Iadtgr)5
nbsbmj trbs
gc gd bpdafbr ucb trbcsijrobfaöc, jntgcgojs uc
jra`acbd.
"  Bffajcgs (ge. Fjuct, ^gmufg)5 ucb bffaöc fjcsastg saopdgogctg gc bpdafbr ucb
jpgrbfaöc sjnrg uc ^MM y jntgcgr uc vbdjr fjoj rgsudtbmj, qug mgpgcmgrâ mgd tapj
mg jpgrbfaöc.

Fbrbftgrïstafbs mg djs ^MM5

"  Acoutbndg5 djs ^MM sjc gstrufturbs mg mbtjs qug bpuctb b uc jra`gc mg mbtjs pgrj
sus mbtjs sjc mg södj dgfturb y cj pugmgc sgr bftubdazbmjs.
"  ]rbcsijrobfaj
]rbcsijrobfajcgs5
cgs5 cjs pgroatgc frgbr cugvjs ^MM pbrtagcmj mg uc jra`gc.
"  Dbzy gvbdubtajc5 dbs trbcsijrobfajcgs sjc pgrgzjsbs, gs mgfar, cj sg fjoputbc
acogmabtbogctg.. Vg gegfutbrâc fubcmj ucb bffaöc fjrrg sjnrg gddbs.
acogmabtbogctg

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>7

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

"  ^gfupgrbfaö
^gfupgrbfaöc
c irgctg b ibddjs.
"  Fbfhá gc ogojrab j masfj5 Mbmj qug dbs tbrgbs mg Vpbrl pugmgc cgfgsatbr rgbdazbr
mavgrsbs bffajcgs j trbcsijrobfajcgs sjnrg uc fjceuctj mg mbtjs gc pbrtafudbr, gs
bdtbogctg rgfjogcmbndg
rgfjogcmbndg y ngcgiafajsj gc fubctj b giafagcfab gd bdobfgcbr ^MMs gc
ogojrab pbrb uc râpamj bffgsj b djs oasojs. Ogmabctg db iucfaöc fbfhg() sg
bdobfgcbc djs mbtjs gc ogojrab pbrb qug cj sgb cgfgsbraj bffgmgr b gddjs gc masfj.
Gd bdobfgcboagctj mg djs mbtjs gc ogojrab fbfhá hbfg qug djs bd`jratojs mg
obfhacg dgbrcac` gegfutbmjs qug rgbdazbc vbrabs atgrbfajcgs sjnrg gd fjceuctj mg
mbtjs mg gctrgcboagctj sgb oâs giafagctg. Bmgoâs, sg pugmgc bdobfgcbr vgrsajcgs
trbcsijrobmbs mg mafhjs mbtjs.
"  Fjctrjd mg pgrsastgcfab y pbrtafajcbmj.

"  ]rbcsijrobfaj
]rbcsijrobfajcgs5
cgs5 frgbc cugvjs ^MM b pbrtar mg ucj gxastgctg (dbzy gxgfutajc)
"  Bffajcgs5 maspbrbc gegfufaöc
gegfufaöc mg gtbpbs mg uc ^MM

]rbcsijrobfajcgs mg ^MMs 
 // ]rbcsijrobfajcgs
vbd grrjrgs ? dacgbs.iadtgr(Z.st
dacgbs.iadtgr(Z.stbrtsPath(—G^^J ^‟)) 
brtsPath(—G^^J^‟))
vbd ogcsbegs ? grrjrgs.ob
grrjrgs.obp(Z.spdat(—Tt‟)).o bp(r ?3 r(2)) 
p(Z.spdat(—Tt‟)).obp(r
ogcsbegs.fbfhg() 
 // Bffajcgs 
ogcsbegs.iadtgr(Z.fjctbacs(—oysqd‟)).fjuct() 

Ijrobs mg frgbr uc ^MM gc Vpbrl

"  [brbdgdazbcmj ucb fjdgffaöc

Vfbdb sfbdb3 vbd mbtb ? Brrby (2, >, 6, =, 7)

sfbdb3 vbd mastMbtb ? sf.pbrbddgdazg (mbtb)

[ythjc 333 mbtb ? \2, >, 6, =, 7_

333 mastMbtb ? sf.pbrbddgdazg(mbtb)

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>9

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Ebvb Dast4Actg`gr3 mbtb ? Brrbys.bsDast(2, >, 6, =, 7)<

Ebvb^MM4Actg`gr3 mastMbtb ? sf.pbrbddgdazg
sf.pbrbddgdazg(mbtb)
(mbtb)

]bndb. Frgbfaöc mg ^MM gc mastactjs dgc`ub`gs / Iugctg5 Iucmbfajc Bpbfhg 

"  ^gigrgcfabcm
^gigrgcfabcmj
j ucb fjceuctj mg mbtjs mg ucb iugctg gxtgrcb

Vfbdb sfbdb3 vbd mastIadg ? sf.tgxtIadg("mbtb.txt")

mastIadg5 ^MM\Vtrac`_ ? Obppgm^MM
Obppgm^MMK2m=fgg;8
K2m=fgg;8

[ythjc 333 mastIadg ? sf.tgxtIadg("mbtb.

sf.tgxtIadg("mbtb.txt")
txt")

Ebvb Ebvb^MM4Vtrac`3 mastIadg ? sf.tgxtIadg("mbtb.txt")<

]bndb. ^gigrgcfab mbtjs gxtgrcjs / Iugctg5 Iucmbfajc Bpbfhg 

2.8.  Gegopdjs
Gegopdj mg bcâdasas mg Dj`s5

 // Fbr`brgojs djs ogcsbegs mg grrjr mg dj` gc db ogojrab 

grrjr mgsmg uc iafhgrj mg
 // y mgspuás nusfbrgojs gctrg sus mbtjs 
nusfbrgojs pbtrjcgs gctrg
cugstrj ^MM 
 // Frgbojs cugstrj
(—hmis5//…………………..‟) 
vbd dacgs? sf.tgxtIadg (—hmis5//…………………..‟)
 // Jntgcgojs cugvjs ^MM trbcsijrobmjs 
^MM trbcsijrobmjs
dacgs.iadtgr(Z.stbrtsPath(—G^^J^‟)) 
vbd grrjrs? dacgs.iadtgr(Z.stbrtsPath(—G^^J^‟))
vbd ogssb`gs? grrjrs.obp(Z.spdat(—Tt‟)).obp(
ogssb`gs.fbfhg()grrjrs.obp(Z.spdat(—T
  t‟)).obp( r ?3 r(2)) 
grrjrgs oysqd 
 // Bffaöc 25 amgctaiafbr grrjrgs
ogssb`gs.iadtgr(Z.fjctbacs(—oysqd‟)).fjuct() 
grrjrgs php 
 // Bffaöc >5 amgctaiafbr grrjrgs
ogssb`gs.iadtgr(Z.fjctbacs(—php‟)).fjuct() 

Iucfajcboagctj
Iucfajcboagctj actgrcj

B fjctacubfaöc, sg mgtbddb gd iucfajcboagctj actgrcj mg spbrl. Dj praogrj qug hbrgojs sgrâ

frgbr uc fjctgxt qug cjs pgroatb trbnbebr fjc HMIV rgfupgrbcmj acijrobfaöc mgsmg gstg.

(—hmis5//…………………..‟) 
vbd dacgs? sf.tgxtIadg (—hmis5//…………………..‟)

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>0

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

^gbdazbrgojs ucb sgrag mg trbcsijrobfajcgs `gcgrbcmj cugvjs ^MM‑s fjc db acijrobfaöc mgd
jra`acbd iadtrbmb y pbrsgbmb.

vbd grrjrs? dacgs.iadtgr(Z.stbrtsP

dacgs.iadtgr(Z.stbrtsPath(—G^^J^‟))
ath(—G^^J^‟))
vbd ogssb`gs? grrjrs.obp(Z.spdat(—Tt‟)).obp(
grrjrs.obp(Z.spdat(—Tt‟)).obp( r ?3 r(2))

Fbfhgbrgojs gd ^MM —ogssb`gs‟.

ogssb`gs.fbfhg()

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>8

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Gegfutbrgojs uc fjuct sjnrg gd ^MM qug jntuvaojs gc gd pbsj bctgrajr `gcgrbcmj uc vbdjr
iacbd.
ogssb`gs.iadtgr(Z.fjctbacs(—oysqd‟)).fjuct()

Gegfutbrgojs uc fjuct sjnrg gd ^MM qug jntuvaojs gc gd pbsj bctgrajr `gcgrbcmj uc vbdjr
iacbd.
ogssb`gs.iadtgr(Z.fjctbacs(—php‟)).fjuct()

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

>1

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Gegopdj Ebvb5 Pjrm Fjuct

Bquï tgcgojs gd gegopdj mgd PjrmFjuct gc ebvb qug utadazânbojs gc Hbmjjp.

B fjctacubfaöc, vgrgojs fjoj pjmgojs rgbdazbr gstg gegopdj gc Vpbrl.

Pjrm Fjuct Vfbdb

fm $V[B^LZHJOG  
fbt ^GBMOG.om  

 eps 
$ stbrt-mis.s
stbrt-mis.sh
h 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

6;

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

hmis mis -olmar /spbrl

hmis mis -put ^GBMOG.om /spbrl

spbrl-shgdd

Actgribz Pgn 
djfbdhjst5=;=;/ejns 

sf.tgxtIadg("/spbrl/^GBMOG.om") 
sfbdb3 vbd tgxtIadg ? sf.tgxtIadg("/spbrl/^GBMOG.om")

sfbdb3 tgxtIadg.fjuct() 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

62

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

sfbdb3 tgxtIadg.iarst() 

sfbdb3 vbd dacgsPathVpbrl ? tgxtIadg.iadtgr(dacg ?3 dacg.fjctbacs("Vpbrl")) 

dacg.fjctbacs("Vpbrl"))

sfbdb3 tgxtIadg.iadtgr(dacg ?3 dacg.fjctbacs("Vpbrl")).fjuct() 

dacg.fjctbacs("Vpbrl")).fjuct()

sfbdb3 gxat 

Pjrm Fjuct5 pyspbrl

$ pyspbrl

333 tgxtIadg ? sf.tgxtIadg("/spbrl/^GBMOG.om")

sf.tgxtIadg("/spbrl/^GBMOG.om")

333 tgxtIadg.fjuct() # Fjctbr gd cõogrj mg gdgogctjs gc gd ^MM  

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

6>

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

333 tgxtIadg.iarst() # Jntgcgr gd praogr gdgogctj mgd ^MM  

333 dacgsPathVpbrl ? tgxtIadg.iadtgr(dbonmb dacg5 "Vpbrl" ac dacg) # Frgbr uc cugvj

^MM fjoj rgsudtbmj mg uc iadtrbmj 

333 tgxtIadg.iadtgr(dbonmb dacg5 "Vpbrl" ac dacg).fjuct() # Fjctbr gd cµ mg dïcgbs qug

fjctagcgc db pbdbnrb Vpbrl 

333 # Jntgcgr db dïcgb fjc oâs pbdbnrbs

333 tgxtIadg.obp(dbonmb dacg5 dgc(dacg.spdat())).rgmufg(dbon
dgc(dacg.spdat())).rgmufg(dbonmb
mb b, n5 b ai (b 3 n) gdsg n)

333 wjrmFjucts ? tgxtIadg.idbtObp

tgxtIadg.idbtObp(dbonmb
(dbonmb dacg5 dacg.spdat()).obp(dbonmb wjrm5 (wjrm,
2)).rgmufgNyLgy(dbonmb
2)).rgmufgNyLgy(dbonmb b, n5 b+n)
333 wjrmFjucts.
wjrmFjucts.fjddgft()
fjddgft()

333 gxat()

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

66

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Gegopdj mg Vpbrl VRD

Gc gstg gegopdj fbr`brgojs uc brfhavg EVJC gc spbrl y dj fjcsudtbrgojs b trbvgs mg

fjcsudtbs VRD.

olmar /hjog/na`mbtb/gegopdjsVpbrl 
/hjog/na`mbtb/gegopdjsVpbrl
sumj cbcj /hjog/na`mbtb/gego
/hjog/na`mbtb/gegopdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc 
pdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc

{ "cjonrg"
"cjonrg" 5 "Dgjchbrm [bud"
[bud" , "bpgddamj"
"bpgddamj" 5 "Gudgr" , "fbopjs" 5 \ { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5 "iïsafb" } , {
"fbopj" 5 "obtgoâtafbs"
"obtgoâtafbs" } _ , "cbfaoagctj"
"cbfaoagctj" 5 { "igfhb" 5 "2106-;1-28
"2106-;1-28"" , "faumbm"
"faumbm" 5 "Nbsadgb" ,
"pbas" 5 "Vuazb" } } 
{ "cjonrg" 5 "Ejhbcc Lbrd Iragmrafh" , "bpgddamj"
"bpgddamj" 5 "@buss" , "fbopjs" 5 \ { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5
"obtgoâtafbs"" } , { "fbopj" 5 "bstrjcjoïb" } , { "fbopj" 5 "`gjmgsab" } , { "fbopj" 5 "iïsafb" } _
"obtgoâtafbs
, "cbfaoagctj"
"cbfaoagctj" 5 { "igfhb" 5 "2000-;=-6; "faumbm" 5 "Nrucswafl" , "pbas" 5 "Bdgobcab" } } 
"2000-;=-6;"" , "faumbm"
{ "cjonrg" 5 "@ausgppg Djmjvafj"
Djmjvafj" , "bpgddamj" 5 "Db`rbc`g" , "fbopjs"
"fbopjs" 5 \ { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5 "iïsafb" }
, { "fbopj" 5 "obtgoâtafbs"
"obtgoâtafbs" } , { "fbopj" 5 "bstrjcjoïb" } _ , "cbfaoagctj"
"cbfaoagctj" 5 { "igfhb" 5
"faumbm" 5 "]urïc" , "pbas" 5 "Atbdab" } } 
"2069-;2->7"" , "faumbm"
"2069-;2->7
{ "cjonrg"
"cjonrg" 5 "Pgrcgr" , "bpgddamj" 5 "Hgasgcngr`" , "fbopjs"
"fbopjs" 5 \ { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5 "iïsafb"
"iïsafb" } _ ,
"cbfaoagctj" 5 { "igfhb"
"igfhb" 5 "21;2-2>-;7" , "faumbm" 5 "Purznur`j "pbas" 5 "Bdgobcab" } } 
"Purznur`j"" , "pbas"
{ "cjonrg" 5 "^j`gr" , "bpgddamj" 5 "[gcrjsg" , "fbopjs"
"fbopjs" 5 \ { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5 "iïsafb" } , { "fbopj"
"fbopj" 5
"obtgoâtafbs"" } _ , "cbfaoagctj"
"obtgoâtafbs "cbfaoagctj" 5 { "igfhb" 5 "2162-;8-;8
"2162-;8-;8"" , "faumbm" 5 "Fjdfhgstgr" , "pbas"
"pbas" 5
"Ac`dbtgrrb" } } 

hmis mis -olmar /gegopdjsVpbrl

hmis mis -put /hjog/na`mbtb/gegopdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc
/hjog/na`mbtb/gegopdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc /gegopdjsVpbrl 

spbrl-shgdd 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

6=

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

sfbdb3 vbd mi ? spbrl.rgbm.es

spbrl.rgbm.esjc ("/gegopdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc") 
jc ("/gegopdjsVpbrl/`gcajs.esjc")

sfbdb3 mi.shjw() 

sfbdb3 mi.practVfhgob() 

sfbdb3 mi.sgdgft("cjonrg").shjw() 
mi.sgdgft("cjonrg").shjw()

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

67

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

sfbdb3 mi.sgdgft(mi("cjo
mi.sgdgft(mi("cjonrg"),uppgr(
nrg"),uppgr( mi("bpgddamj"))).shjw() 
mi("bpgddamj"))).shjw()

sfbdb3 mi.iadtgr(mi("bpgddamj") 3 "E").shjw() 

stbrtsPath("[")).shjw() 
sfbdb3 mi.iadtgr( mi("bpgddamj") stbrtsPath("[")).shjw()

!"#$%&'(&)%*&+,'$&-&.+/;&2>6=&7;9068
5', %&0 < 0+'%4#0?,>63:K:B- N F*)M =&7;90 GI:*: '+&,,;!9 < @:H,&%A68
%&0#0E92>8

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

69

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Gegopdj mg Vpbrl Vtrgboac`

Gc gstg bpbrtbmj usbrgojs ucj mg djs gegopdjs qug db acstbdbfaöc mg spbrl trbg pjr mgigftj.
Gc fjcfrgtj usbrgojs CgtwjrlPjrmFjut. Gstg prj`rbob gs uc fhbt bpjybmj gc spbrl
strgboac` qug fjctbrb dbs pbdbnrbs gcvabmbs b trbvás mgd tgroacbd.

Gegfutbcmj gd fjobcmj sa`uagctg pjmrgojs vgr gd föma`j mgd gegopdj.

$ fbt
$V[B^LZHJOG/gxbopdgs/srf/obac
$V[B^LZHJOG/gx bopdgs/srf/obac/sfbdb/jr`/b
/sfbdb/jr`/bpbfhg/spbrl/gx
pbfhg/spbrl/gxbopdgs/strgboac`/C
bopdgs/strgboac`/Cgtwjr
gtwjr
lPjrmFjuct.sfbdb

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

60

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

 Eps

fm $V[B^LZHJOG  

./nac/spbrl-sunoat T 
./nac/spbrl-sunoat
--fdbss jr`.bpbfhg.spbr
jr`.bpbfhg.spbrl.gxbopdgs.strgb
l.gxbopdgs.strgboac`.CgtwjrlPjrmFjuct T 
oac`.CgtwjrlPjrmFjuct
--obstgr djfbd\>_ T 
 /hjog/na`mbtb/spbr
 /hjog/na`mbtb/spbrl/gxbopdgs/ebrs
djfbdhjst 1111  l/gxbopdgs/ebrs/spbrl-gxbopdgsZ>.2
/spbrl-gxbopdgsZ>.22->.=.;.ebrT
2->.=.;.ebrT 

Wcb vgz ddg`bmjs b gstg puctjp tgcmrgojs qug bnrar uc cugvj tgroacbd.

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

68

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

$ cf -dl 1111 

2.1.  Actg`rbfajcgs
Gc gstg bpbrtbmj sg vgrâc bd`ucbs actg`rbfajcgs mg spbrl fjc jtrbs hgrrboagctbs qug
pgroatgc fjcstruar pdbtbijrobs bcbdatafbs fjc mastactjs jnegtavjs.

Vpbrl + Hbmjjp + HNbsg + Havg + …. 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

61

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 
https5//www.obpr.fjo/prjmufts/bpbfhg-spbrl
http5//vasajc.fdjumgrb.fjo/bpbfhg-spbr
http5//vasajc.fdjumgrb.fjo/bpbfhg-spbrl-ac-thg-bpbfhg-hbmj
l-ac-thg-bpbfhg-hbmjjp-gfjsystgo/
jp-gfjsystgo/
http5//hjrtjcwjrls.fjo/hbmjjp/spbrl
https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;7/>6/p
https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;7/>6/pavjtbd-hbmjjp-actg
avjtbd-hbmjjp-actg`rbtgs-thg-iudd-bpbf
`rbtgs-thg-iudd-bpbfhg-spbrl-
hg-spbrl-
stbfl.htod

Vpbrl + Lbilb + Fbssbcmrb 

http5//mbtbstbx.fjo/mjfuogctbtajc/mbtbstbxZgctgrprasg
http5//mbtbstbx.fjo/mjfuogctbtajc/m btbstbxZgctgrprasg/=.7/mbtbstbxZgctgrp
/=.7/mbtbstbxZgctgrprasg/spbrl/spbr
rasg/spbrl/spbr
lActrj.htod
http5//hgdgcbgmgdsjc.fjo/:p?112
https5//`athun.fjo/mbtbstbx/spbrl-fbssbcmrb-fjccgftjr
https5//`athun.fjo/mannhbtt/lbilb-spbrl-fjcsuogr

mbtbnrafls fdjum 
https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;0/2=/m
https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;0/2=/mbtbnrafls-fdjum-oblac`-n
btbnrafls-fdjum-oblac`-na`-mbtb-gbsy.htod
a`-mbtb-gbsy.htod

Vpbrl + [yMbtb 

http5//djcmjc.pymbtb.jr`/sfhgmudg
http5//djcmjc.pymbtb.jr`/sfhgmudg/prgsgctbtajc/96/
/prgsgctbtajc/96/
https5//spbrl-suooat.jr`/gbst->;27/tbdl/trbvas-jdaphbct
https5//fwala.bpbfhg.jr`/fjcidugc
https5//fwala.bpbfhg.jr`/fjcidugcfg/maspdby/V[B^L/[
fg/maspdby/V[B^L/[yVpbrl+Actgrcbds
yVpbrl+Actgrcbds

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

=;

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

Vpbrl + GdbstafVgbrfh 

https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;9/>0/bppdafbtajc-spjtd
https5//mbtbnrafls.fjo/ndj`/>;2=/;9/>0/bp pdafbtajc-spjtda`ht-gdbstafsgbrfh.ht
a`ht-gdbstafsgbrfh.htod
od
https5//www.gdbstaf.fj/`uamg/gc
https5//www.gdb staf.fj/`uamg/gc/gdbstafsgbrfh/hbm
/gdbstafsgbrfh/hbmjjp/furrgct/spbr
jjp/furrgct/spbrl.htod
l.htod https5//spbrl-
suooat.jr`/>;2=/tbdl/strgbodacac`-sgbrfh-acmgxa
suooat.jr`/>;2=/tbdl/strgbod acac`-sgbrfh-acmgxac`-usac`-gdbstaf-sgbrfh-bc
c`-usac`-gdbstaf-sgbrfh-bcm-spbrl
m-spbrl

Vpbrl + [dby 

http5//www.typgsbig.fjo/ndj`/bpbfhg-spbrl-bcm-thg-typgsbi
http5//www.typgsbig.fjo/ndj`/bpbfhg-spbrl-bcm-thg-typgsbig-rgbftavg-pdbti
g-rgbftavg-pdbtijro-b-obtfh-
jro-b-obtfh-
obmg-ac-hgbvgc

Vpbrl + Ogsjs 

http5//spbrl.bpbfhg.jr`/mjfs/dbtgst/ruccac`-jc-ogsjs.htod
http5//fgtgra.ndj`spjt.fjo.gs/>;2=/;1/sp
http5//fgtgra.ndj`spjt.fjo.gs/>;2=/;1/spbrl-btjp-ogsjs-jc-`jj`dg-fdju
brl-btjp-ogsjs-jc-`jj`dg-fdjum.htod
m.htod

Q gstj cj tgroacb bquï….

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

=2

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

>.  Dgfturb rgfjogcmbmb

•   #$%&'()*+ ,-$./' ;-$(2> 6=79 0' #)2' 8($1-&5* 

8($1-&5* 
•   ,-$./' ;-$(2 <($-/ 4(5.'%%)*+> 6=79 0' ?)*0($ ?$1$15*3)%
?$1$15*3)%5*
5*  
•   8$%& :$&$ 4(5.'%%)*+ K)&/ ;-$(2>
;-$(2> 6=79
 6=79 0' B()%/*$ ;$*2$( N F5M0'* B$($G 
B$($G 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs
 

=>

[^J@^BOB GEGFW]AYJ GC NA@ MB]B & MB]B VFAGCFG

VFA GCFG
[brbdgdazbfaöc mg mbtjs
 

GJA Gsfugdb mg Jr`bcazbfaöc Acmustrabd http5//www.gja.gs  

http5//www.gja.gs