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Ascaris Identification. Ascaris lambricoides (The giant intestinal roundworm) | Disease caused. Ascariasis, Comments 1. Itis an endoparaste ofthe small intestine of human beings and is more common in chiliieg 2. The animal shows sexual dimorphism. ‘The female is Ionger than the male. 3. The posterior end of the male is curved ventrally. 4: In female, the genital aperture is present on the mid-ventral line at about one thied of ig length from the anterior end, 5. In male from the cloaca two equal chitinous spicules ar pineal setae project which help iq copulation. ‘Symptoms 1, Generally large number of adult Ascaris worm infest asingle host, and obstruct the intestinal passage and thereby cause abdominal discomforts lke colic pains. 2. The patient may also suffer from impaired digestion, diarrhoea and vomiting. 3. In children mental efficiency is affected and body growth is retarded. Mouth aperture Pineal setae (spicules) Male Fig. 17.4. Ascaris.hcad 4, Microsporum Identification. Microsporum andouini Disease caused. Ring worm of scalp in children or Derm, atomycosis, Comments 1. The fine mycelium of the fungus occurs in breale in the dermis 2. Itinfects hair, where hyphae emerge from the sheath and grow up and down them 3. The hyphae in the hair put out to the surface fine filaments on which spores are born 4. The spores are very small and are produced in great numbers. They are readily detached and spread infection c Fig. 17.5. Ringworm. A. Ringworm of skin. B. Ringworm of scalp. . C. Fungus causing ringworm (Microsporum andouin)),’ 5: heer aber 4 The spl are moded int 00 ee GD Comments ow oes and waste 1 here rhe wd sr i 2 est tn ote corey 5. These model ato In ag season. w Pen pain aH PSE Bai 4 ae . opuntia dilenil (Nagotan) comments, 1. leia succulent o drought esting sept sid inde 2, Telesver are caducus They fl down * ‘4. Calotropis procera (Ak) } Comments Verma £ pa » esto lags neat a » tanh peer hea Bt 1 Thelevesandyoungtrandca ce eattlt Pele forthe plant tabs es ta nating covering ‘vende contig long it ba Th eather. They 86 ot wt Sia mtngwae na The eaves ate tick and pray ‘The plan poses ater which Fie 185, toett Cpt hong phd3. The stem inte, attend and gren led pyoades. Its green and ey, function of photoyathes. ~ 4. The stem becomes ey duet storage of water, The SoFed Wer used hy ntaourable period “The stem postesee abundant mace which help in etaiing water, Pyles bear several nodes orarecls, The aealeshave one oF more spines the leaves falar branches Besides there ae number ofits to reduce ranspition and prevent rasng . Euphorbia royleana (Danda Thor), Comments eis suculent shrub seep whic poms wid in der rcs. 2 The leaves re drow eons (ey all ring dough). They pers cny erwhen materiale " ‘The stem ie reen and shining Kt care out the function of photosynthesis, ‘he sem possesses paired spines to reduce tranepation and graing by sia the place of nery. ‘ey sem F186 Pyle of Eiphota rea shoning fe eaves athe ip. "estore water and poscesses wht lt. Thelterisa device o conserve mista I reals tet heey 2 teamerves matey renga een 4, fro burro by tes ean 4 eben ter fom tsown meats, 8, camel Comments 1 Rein a aeocces anal adapted tothe deve — rig, 188.Camel-A3. It is able to tolerate wide range of temperature fluctuations and is able to maintain blog, moisture even during hot period. Itexcretes concentrated urine and can withstand dehydration upto 25% of its body weight, - Itaccumulate its fat in the hump rather than all over the body. This speeds heat flow away from the body and its thick coat prevents the flow of heat inwards to the body. ey Its feet has two toes each with fleshy pad below which spread the load on sand enable it to move on hot and slippery sand. . Its slender snout bears a cleft upper lip, long eye lashes and muscular nostrils which can be closed for protection from wind blown sand.,| Adaptation of Plants 2d Animals Found In Aquatic Conditions yrRODUCTION 1. Teplats which liven abundance of water ae caledhydephye 2. Thebyirophytes are of four types @ Submerged hydrophytes. These grow entirely under water eg. Pouamogeton etc. i @ Floating bydrophytes. They float freely on the surface of water and have no contact with + sa) thebottom e.g. Eichhornia, Trapa, Pistia, Lemna, Wolff, Utriculana ete (Gi) Floating leaved anchored hydrophytes. These are anchored to the bottom and their ‘ lewes float on the surface of water. eg, G») Emergent hydrophytes. These grow in shallow waters and their shoots extend above the = surface of water. eg, Typha, Sagittaria ee. 3. Inaquatic habitats. water is excessive but light and oxygen if ewhmerged) are slays in def 4. Hydrophytes are generally adapted to remain buoyant and avoid decaying, shearing an fiets of water. tubo, Nymphaea et. ie ( EXPERIMENT 19.1 ) AIM: Study of two plants and two animals found in aquatic conditions and comment upom their ‘daptations/ morphological features. ADAPTATIONS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TO AQUATIC CONDITIONS 1 hydrilta Comments 1 Ieis a submerged hydrophyte found attached to the substratum by adventitios roots i= ponds at 2 These asf and slender andar thin andmenbranos evs in whos 3-8 ee taken out of water showing the absence of any mechanic ri 3 Theleaves are arranged in sucha way to provide least resistance tothe flow of water They le and stomata = 4 The whole plant is covered over by mucige. It prevents epiphytic groweh and Pre Plant apnnst the rotting effect of water. -:1 a. 19.1. tye a submerged soph 2. Vallismeria 8 Comments X lisa ubmerged soloserons flowering plant tt growain esate pond Reem treed and she roots are monty onamed wih the function of anchonge. *. Tcleevesare large andritbon shaped. They lack tices stomata, ‘Thelen do not provide any restance tothe ow of water. 5 Thewiole lane covred wth muclage fee Peete _T potamogeton 103 comments J neering 2, RbstmODEY nde ened ans ye ee tha det ot en ay mechan a ar eg 5. Teles arthn son ean ee tte doer tc $, ews atisconredone brace, 6, Theleaveslackcatidesndstomany Me yeas ih Fig. 195. Submeped lesa Ramage 4. Elchhornia (Water Hyacinth or Jlkumbi) Comments 3 Tis fee oating hope that go in ponds, ies nd wae ols oti fh Fig 19.4 Apart befosing wt tae ae 108 Camprchensive Laboratory Marval in By, Pay leone seer png a 2. When the level of water ow, the plant gets rooted in the sol. 5, Thestem offset that grows prostate below the surface of water. It pomgy and sng Eg Mee yeface ofthe leaves to avoid tig aed drs of stay water 4. The leaves arise atthe node in clusters. The petioles of the leaves are inflated tha jt we aes ut of wate. Pa i “The nodes ale bear clusters of brown adventitious roots in water, They at a8 baleen, 4) 6. Theenrgedlnres have wterpro wy andctar oing eet weting ae 5. Utricularia (ladder wort) Comments 11, Tes « floating hydiupleyve that grows abundantly im tanks and lakes. > See 1. 1ypha (cat aid Comments . as str 1 isan amphibious anchored te Seon Sees a. rogues es 185. fasting ono Un monet 2: Tht trend png Tena see >. Dorrie hk 3 Te eaves at ighly segmented. Tey donot provide much eistanes Se a orunderet 5 Relea mandy a 4. Sheageere se nea es est etdderon sega eyeneheent a Tusteneatonl on a sheep cies aac +. Irn patisoned hp peat re ‘ele uotumbo (Lotus) Comments 1 tating aed ached hat pnd a 2. The sem is rhizomatou and grow herent unde the mu azeneeee cen 1. Theeaves are rod an foaton he ufc f wate. Fe Ngcoreot8. A Freshwater Fish (Carp or Rohu) Comments duce friction and to allow swift passage in , 4. 2. 3. 4, 5. Its body is compressed laterally to re swimming. ._ It possesses fins that help in swimming. It has air bladder or swim bladder which maintains buoyancy. It possesses gills as organs of respiration for the exchange of gases in water. ‘The body is covered with water impermeable scales to prevent osmotic entry of wa body. Nostril T Ged Dorsal fin Lateral line Caudal fn ARAN SWRA py *) SON AWRY ny x) ay x) PORE KA Mouth Operculum Pectoral fin Pelvic fin ae Fig. 19.8. A freshwater fish.