Principle of compositionality (it explains productivity)

It claims "(...) that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by its structure and the meanings
of its constituents. Normally the thesis is taken to be about some particular language; questions of
structure and constituency are then settled by the syntax of that language." Problematics that face the
principle of compositionality:

● sentence meaning vs speaker meaning

● contextualised meaning
● knowledge problem: linguistic knowledge vs world knowledge. Literal meaning (because we
know what the language works) vs encyclopaedic meaning
● individual differences (i.e. regular knowledge vs expert knowledge)

Semantics: Difference between what the sentence means, and what the speaker means