Section 3

‫ هذه الدورة من إعداد المدرب عبد الرحمن العلوش‬, ‫ على موقع يودمي‬CCNA 200-301 ‫رابط دورة المدخل الى
شبكات سيسكو‬
Network Devices
➢ Network Devices are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between
devices on a computer network.
➢ Computer Server
Repeater
➢ Server
Internet
➢ Repeater
➢ Modem Hub Modem

Switch
➢ Ethernet Hub
➢ Ethernet Switch
Router
➢ Router
Firewall
➢ Access Point Access Point
➢ Firewall
www.everestacademy.in 1
‫ هذه الدورة من إعداد المدرب عبد الرحمن العلوش‬, ‫ على موقع يودمي‬CCNA 200-301 ‫رابط دورة المدخل الى شبكات سيسكو‬
Data-Transfer Rate (DTR)
➢ Data-transfer rate is the average number of bits per second passing through a communication link between
two network devices.
0
1
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Bit Rates
Bit (b) per second 1 bit/s or 1 bps
kilobit (K) per second 1 Kbit/s or 1 Kbps = 1000 bps
Megabit (M) per second 1 Mbit/s or 1 Mbps = 1000 Kbps
Gigabit (G) per second 1 Gbit/s or 1 Gbps = 1000 Mbps
Terabit (T) per second 1 Tbit/s or 1 Tbps = 1000 Gbps
Data-Transfer Rate (DTR)
Server
Repeater
Internet
1 Gbps
10 Mbps
Hub Switch
Modem
10 Mbps
20 Mbps
150 Mbps 100 Mbps
100 Mbps Router
Firewall 100 Mbps
Access Point
Computer (Client)
➢ A computer is a system that runs a user-friendly operating system and desktop applications to perform a task.
➢ Operating Systems (OS)
Windows 10
macOS
Linux
➢ Desktop Applications
MS Office
Photoshop
VLC
Server
➢ A Server is dedicated computer for a specific purpose, It provide services and functionality to other computers.
➢ A server has a motherboard that supports many processors and uses special RAMs called ECC rams
(Error correcting ram) for error checking and correction.
➢ A Server has redundant power supply contains two (or more) power supply units inside it.
2 Powerful
Tower Server Processors
➢ Operating Systems (OS)
Windows Server 2019

macOS Server
Linux Server
➢ Services
Web service Hot Swappable

Rack Server Hard Drive
File Service
Mail Service
Database Service
Repeater (deprecated )
➢ Repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power, so
that the signal can cover longer distances
Switch
Ethernet Repeater
100 meters
100 meters
Wireless Repeater
Access Point
Modem
➢ Modem is short for “Modulator-Demodulator “ It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone
or cable wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a computer can recognize.
Modem Modem
Digital Signal Analog Signal Digital Signal
Ethernet Hub
➢ A Hub is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act
as a single network segment.
➢ If a hub receives a signal at any port it resend it out of every port except that port.
➢ A Hub works at the physical layer (layer 1). ➢ A Hub transfers data at a maximum of 10 Mb/sec.
➢ A Hub has been replaced by network switches . ➢ A Hub has multiple ports.
Hub
Sender Receiver
PC1 PC3
PC2
 
Ethernet Bridge
➢ A network bridge is a device that creates a single aggregate network from two network segments.
➢ A bridge works at the physical layer (layer 1) and the data link layer (layer 2 ).
➢ A bridge forwards the frame passed on the destination MAC address.
Segment A Segment B
Hub Bridge Hub
Sender Receiver
PC1 PC3
PC2 PC4
 
Ethernet Bridge
Segment A Segment B
Hub Bridge Hub

Sender
PC1
 PC3
Receiver
PC2 PC4
Ethernet Switch
➢ Ethernet Switch is a network hardware device for connecting multiple devices together.
➢ Each port of the ethernet switch is considered as a segment.
➢ A switch forwards the frame passed on the destination MAC address.
➢ A switch works at the physical layer (layer 1) and the data link layer (layer 2 ).
➢ A switch transfers data at a maximum of 10 Gb/sec.
Sender Switch Receiver
PC3
PC4
Router
➢ A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between different networks.
➢ Each port of the router is considered as a network.
➢ A router forwards the packet passed on the destination IP address.
➢ A router works at the physical layer (Layer 1), the data link layer (Layer 2 ) and the network layer (Layer 3).
Network A Network B
Receiver
Sender
Switch
Router Switch ✓
Access Point
➢ A access point (AP) is a networking hardware device that allows wireless devices to connect together and
communicate with a wired computer network .
Wireless LAN Wired LAN
Access
Point Switch
Firewall
➢ A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic
based on predetermined security rules.
➢ There are two types of firewalls : Inside Network Outside Network
1. Network-based Firewalls (Hardware).

Internet
2. Host-based Firewall (Software).
Sender
➢ A firewall filters data at : Switch
1. Application layer .

2. Transport Layer. Firewall
3. Network Layer.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
➢ Network Interface Card (NIC) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a
computer network.
➢ Also known as :
1. Network Interface Controller.
2. Network Adapter.
3. LAN Adapter .
4. Physical Network Interface .

8P8C Female Plug
➢ There are many types of NIC :
1. Built-in to Motherboard.
2. PCI Adapter.
3. USB Adapter.
❖ NIC Speed : 8P8C Connector,

Modern RJ45 connector
10/100/1000 Mbps
Fiber Network Interface Card
➢ Fiber Network Interface Card is connected to a fiber optic cable and used to connect servers with switches.
➢ Also known as :
1. Fiber LAN card.
2. Fiber Server Adapter.

Fiber Optic Cable
➢ Fiber Network Interface Card Speed :
Computer
1. 1000 Mbps ( 1 Gbps)
2. 10 Gbps.
Server
3. 25 Gbps.
4. 40 Gbps.
Wireless Network Interface Controller (WNIC)
➢ A wireless network interface controller (WNIC) is a network interface controller which connects to a
wireless radio-based computer network,
PCI WNIC
Internal WNIC
USB WNIC
Access Point
Data Transmission Media / Medium
➢ A transmission medium is the channel through which data is sent from one place to another.
➢ In data communication terminology, a ➢ The Transmission media is classified into

transmission medium is a physical path two types namely wired media (Guided
between the transmitter and the receiver. Transmission Media) & wireless media (Unguided Media).
Media
Guided Unguided
Media Media
Twisted pair Optical Fiber

Coaxial cable Radio wave Microwave Infrared
cable cable
Baseband and Broadband
➢ Baseband and Broadband describe how data is transmitted between two nodes
➢ Broadband technology transmits multiple analog data signals simultaneously at the same time.
➢ Baseband technology transmits a single digital data signal at a time.
➢ Baseband technology uses digital signals. It sends binary values directly as pulses of different voltage levels.
It can be regenerated using repeaters.
➢ Baseband Technology can send and receive data simultaneously using two separate electric circuits together.
➢ Baseband technology is mainly used in Ethernet networks using three cable media types; coaxial, twisted-
pair and fiber-optic.
➢ Baseband technology uses Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) to combine the signals of multiple computers
and send it simultaneously.
Voice
Baseband
Video
1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0
Data
Baseband and Broadband
➢ Broadband technology uses analog signals in data transmission and a special analog wave known as the
carrier wave. This technology mixes voice, video and data into the carrier wave and sends the carrier wave
across the wire. It supports only unidirectional communication.
➢ Broadband technology can transmit data of ➢ Broadband technology uses amplifiers to

multiple nodes simultaneously using Frequency regenerate analog signals in order to travel
Division Multiplexing (FDM ). longer distances.
➢ Broadband technology is used in an environment that transmits voice, video, and data simultaneously. For
example, Cable TV Networks, Radio stations, and Telephone companies (DSL Service Provider). Usually
radio waves, coaxial, fiber-optic cables are used for broadband transmission.
Voice
Broadband
Video
Data
Bandwidth, Throughput and Speed
➢ Bandwidth is the maximum amount of the data

that can be passed from one point to another
within a given time (Unit : Bits/sec).
➢ Throughput is the actual amount of the data

that is able to move through the media within a
given time.
➢ Speed is the rate of data transfer across the

transmission path within a given time.
➢ Bandwidth is a measurement of how much data

can be transferred at a time while speed is a
measurement of how fast things are done.
Transmission Modes
Simplex Mode
➢ Simplex mode : the communication is unidirectional,
as on a one-way street. Only one of the two devices
on the media can transmit, the other can only
receive..
➢ Half-duplex mode : each station can both transmit Half-Duplex Mode

and receive, but not at the same time. When one
device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice
versa.
Full-Duplex Mode
➢ Full-duplex mode : both stations can transmit and
receive simultaneously by using two physically
separate transmission paths or by dividing the
capacity between signals travelling in both directions.

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‫ هذه الدورة من إعداد المدرب عبد الرحمن العلوش‬, ‫ على موقع يودمي‬CCNA 200-301 ‫رابط دورة المدخل الى

➢ Modem Hub Modem

➢ Access Point Access Point

Data-Transfer Rate (DTR)

Bit (b) per second 1 bit/s or 1 bps

kilobit (K) per second 1 Kbit/s or 1 Kbps = 1000 bps

Megabit (M) per second 1 Mbit/s or 1 Mbps = 1000 Kbps

Gigabit (G) per second 1 Gbit/s or 1 Gbps = 1000 Mbps

Terabit (T) per second 1 Tbit/s or 1 Tbps = 1000 Gbps

Data-Transfer Rate (DTR)

Firewall 100 Mbps

➢ Operating Systems (OS)

Windows Server 2019

Web service Hot Swappable

Digital Signal Analog Signal Digital Signal

➢ A bridge forwards the frame passed on the destination MAC address.

Hub Bridge Hub

➢ Each port of the ethernet switch is considered as a segment.

➢ A switch forwards the frame passed on the destination MAC address.

➢ A switch transfers data at a maximum of 10 Gb/sec.

Sender Switch Receiver

➢ Each port of the router is considered as a network.

➢ A router forwards the packet passed on the destination IP address.

Wireless LAN Wired LAN

➢ There are two types of firewalls : Inside Network Outside Network

1. Network-based Firewalls (Hardware).

Network Interface Card (NIC)

1. Network Interface Controller.

4. Physical Network Interface .

❖ NIC Speed : 8P8C Connector,

Fiber Network Interface Card

1. Fiber LAN card.

2. Fiber Server Adapter.

Wireless Network Interface Controller (WNIC)

Data Transmission Media / Medium

➢ In data communication terminology, a ➢ The Transmission media is classified into

Twisted pair Optical Fiber

Baseband and Broadband

Baseband and Broadband

➢ Broadband technology can transmit data of ➢ Broadband technology uses amplifiers to

Bandwidth, Throughput and Speed

➢ Bandwidth is the maximum amount of the data

➢ Throughput is the actual amount of the data

➢ Speed is the rate of data transfer across the

➢ Bandwidth is a measurement of how much data

➢ Half-duplex mode : each station can both transmit Half-Duplex Mode

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